Izinhlobo zamafutha nezici zazo

Ngisho nomuntu onamahlumela amakhowe ongenalwazi akahlanganisi nanamakhowe ezinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba igama lawo likhuluma ngokwalo: wonke amakhowe alezi zinhlobo anezikhumba. Ama-mushroom ama-Boletus angaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingu-40 ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, isikhunta esibulalayo somndeni waseBolettov kuthiwa yi-buzzers.

Ngokuyinhloko zikhula emahlathini ahlambulukile, axutshwe nama-pine, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, zitholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni, ezibhekene nesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngisho nase-Afrika nase-Australia.

Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamafutha nokuthi zihluka kanjani.

Imbuzi

Ama-boletus amakhowe amancane kakhulu awaziwa yizingane. Ngokuvamile, abaqoqi be-mushroom abazilaleli. Futhi ngeze, njengoba kuyinambitha kakhulu futhi amakhowe aphephile ngokuphelele. Ukuqoqwa kwalawa amakhowe kwenziwa kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Zinezinhlanzi ezinamahloni ezinama-mucous ezinamathele. Njengawo wonke ama-boletus, le mbuzi iyinhlobo ye-mycorrhiza-forming; inomuzwa omuhle eduze kwezihlahla ze-coniferous emhlabathini onesihlabathi. Amakhowe avela emaqenjini amakhulu ngemuva kwemvula enzima.

Ngaphandle, imbuzi ibonakala njengama-mushroom e-mokhovik, kodwa inekhanda le-convex eligcwele, elimbozwe isikhumba esikhuni phezulu. I-stem kanye noqweqwe olubulalayo lwe-fungus libomvu ngombala. I-pulp ye-fungus iluphuzi, futhi ezindaweni ze-rift zibuyisa kancane.

Uyazi? UKozlyak umane uthanda izibungu. Isithombe esivamile siyisigqoko sembuzi esiqhumeni, kodwa empeleni akukho lutho okufanele luthathe. Ngisho noma ngemuva kokusika i-mushroom sibona unyawo oluhlanzekile, lokhu akusho ukuthi i-cap yayo ngeke ibe yi-wormy. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlole amakhowe amaningi ezinambuzane, uzodumazeka kakhulu kubo.

I-Butter Bellini

Yini efana ne-brellini's brute? Banekhanda elimhlophe elibomvu noma elimnyama elilingana nobubanzi buka-6 kuya ku-14 cm. I-mushroom encane inesikhumba se-hemispherical, lapho sikhula, sithathwa-sine-convex, futhi ingxenye yayo ephakathi iba umbala ogcwele. Ehlangothini lwalo langaphakathi, amapulangwe amancane aphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abonakalayo, lapho kufakwa khona ama-pores ane-angular. I-fungus ine-stem encane, enhle kakhulu, ephuzi-ephuzi, ephindwe ibe yindilinga futhi ibe mncane kuya kwesisekelo. Isitsha se-bhotela sinomzimba omhlophe, ukunambitheka okumnandi okwenziwe ubuciko futhi sisho iphunga le-mushroom.

I-mushroom ihlala emahlathini ase-pine kanye ne-coniferous futhi ayikho into ehle kakhulu ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi. Ikhula ngokuthula futhi ngamaqembu. Ungabona amafutha ase-Bellini kuphela emahlathini ekwindla.

Isitsha sebhotela elimhlophe

Ibhotela elimhlophe line-cap kuze kube ngu-12 cm ububanzi. Ezingxenyeni ezisencane, i-cap iningi le-convex, kodwa njengoba ikhunta ikhula, iyancipha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibuye iguquke.

Uyazi? Amakhowe amancane anekhanda eliphuzi-eliphuzi, elimnyama ngokuguga futhi liba mhlophe noma liphuzi elimhlophe, futhi esimweni sezulu esimanzi singase sibe yinto encane-umnqumo.

Ibhotela elimhlophe linekhanda elibushelelezi, elincane elinamahloni elincane. Ikhasi elivela ku-cap lihlukaniswa kalula. I-fungus inomzimba omhlophe noma ophuzi, owawubhekwa umbala obomvu.

I-oiler leg leg fifiform noma cylindrical, emhlophe. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, ingahlanganiswa namabala anama-brown nama-tubercles, angakwazi ukuhlanganisa nokwenza ama-rollers.

Ibhotela elibomvu elibomvu

I-oiler eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ine-cap eyisiyingiyingi enomjikelezo ohlangene. Njengoba i-fungus ikhula, i-cap-yellow brown iyothola umumo omile futhi ingafinyelela ububanzi kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-14 cm. I-cap yezinhlobo ezincane zinomnqumo noma umbala omhlophe. Njengoba ikhula, i-cap iyaphuka futhi ihlanganiswa nezikali ezincane, ezilahleka ngokuphelele ekuvuthweni. Inyama yebhotela elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka lingakhuluma ngesilinganiso sokuvuthwa kwefungus: okokuqala kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kamuva kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese kubomvu obomvu, futhi ngokuvuthwa kuba umcibisholo okhanyayo futhi omncane omuncu. I-fungus inomdlana, kunzima ukubola.

Isiqu esenziwe nge-cylindrical noma e-club se-mushroom eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sifinyelela ubude obuyi-3 kuya ku-9 cm. Amafutha angaba nephunga elimangalisa le-mushroom, kodwa futhi lihlaba iphunga ngokunamandla ngamapulangwe ephayini.

Uyazi? Naphezu kokubukeka okukhangayo nokuphepha okuphelele, amafutha aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka angasetshenziswa kaningi ekukhetheni kwama-mushroom ngoba akusihlwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke udliwa kuphela efomini elifakwe emathinini.

Ubhontshisi obomvu obomvu bukhula kahle emhlabathini onesihlabathi, ungatholakala ehlathini kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba. I-fungus ikhula kokubili ngezingoma futhi ngamaqembu amancane.

Isitsha seoli samafutha

Amafutha aphuzi angakwazi ukuchaza okungafani nalokho okushiwo yizo zonke ezinye i-Boletovs, athande ukufudumala futhi atholakala emahlathini enhlabathini enhlabathini. I-fungus ikhula kokubili ngezingoma nangamaqembu amakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuqoqa izikhumba eziphuzi ngemuva kwemvula enamandla, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba. I-mushroom ine-cap ene-3 kuya ku-6 cm.

Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokunambitheka okuphezulu, isitsha se-bhotela eliphuzi kubhekwa njengokungokwemvelo, njengoba isikhumba saso siqukethe izinto ezibangela ukuhuda okukhulu.

Amakhowe amancane anama-caps angama-spherical, okuyinto, lapho evuthiwe, i-oiler ivula futhi iba yinto ehlelekile. Kuye ngobudala, umbala we-cap of the fungus ingaba ophuzi obomvu, ompunga-ophuzi, ocker-ophuzi, ngisho noshokoledi. Ubuso bekhanda buyi-mucous kakhulu, isikhumba sisuswa kalula kuso.

Amafutha aphuzi angaba nomlenze ofinyelela ku-3 cm ububanzi futhi unendandatho yamafutha, ngenhla lapho unombala omhlophe futhi ngezansi unombala ophuzi. Emakhowe amancane, indandatho iyamhlophe, kodwa uma uneminyaka yobudala ithola i-purple hue. I-tubulus ye-fungus inombala omuhle ocher-ophuzi, kodwa uma uneminyaka yobudala iba mnyama.

I-white white ye-fungus ingaba yiklaphu. Endaweni yekhanda kanye nenhla yomlenze, i-orange noma i-marble, kanti esisezingeni elimnyama kakhulu. I-butters ephuzi iyinambitha kakhulu, ngakho-ke hhayi abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi izibungu zazo zonke izinambuzane ziyabondla ngenjabulo, ngakho-ke ukuthola amakhowe wonke umsebenzi obunzima kakhulu.

Ubhontshisi obukhulu

Isitsha se-bhotela se-grain asihlali nesizungu, ngakho-ke singahlangana kuphela nabangane. I-mushroom ihlala ikakhulu emahlathini ephayini, enotshani oluphansi. I-mushroom ine-cap encane encane kunezinye izinhlobo zamafutha, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi iyomile ngokuphelele. I-cap-convex cap ye-mushroom ububanzi ifinyelela cishe ngo-10 cm.

Ama-specimens amancane anezinhlamvu ezibomvu noma ezinombala obomvu, okuthi, lapho zivuthwa, i-oiler iba yiphuzi noma i-ocher-ocher. Isiko sinama-tubes amancane amancane afaka uhlaka olubulalayo olukhanyayo noma olukhanyayo olubomvu.

I-mushroom ine-pulp ephuzi elibomvu, elimnandi-elimnandi elingashintshi umbala ngekhefu. I-stem ephuzi ye-fungus ifinyelela ubude obufinyelela ku-8 cm, engxenyeni engenhla inemibala emhlophe futhi igcwele imbewu nemigodi.

Ngaphandle, ukugcoba amafutha kudla, kufana nesitsha sebhotela, okwangempela; umehluko walo omkhulu ukungabikho kwendandatho yefilimu esiqwini. Ibhotela lesikhumba elimnandi liyi-mushroom edlayo enezici ezinambitheka kakhulu futhi idliwa fresh, icwecwe noma usawoti.

Isitsha sebhotela le-cedar

I-barkardi yemisedari inesikhwama esilinganiselwe kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-15 cm. Amakhowe amancane angaziqhayisa ngesimo salo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa uma ekhula, iqondisa kahle futhi iba yinto yokugqoka. Umbala we-cap unomsundu, futhi lapho kunamvula noma kunomsoco, kuba yinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho usoma ngokushesha futhi uba mnyama.

Inyama yesibhakabhaka sededari imhlophe noma iphuzi, inambitheka kancane kancane futhi inika iphunga elimnandi le-almond-fruity. Ama-tubules ayo nama-pores ane-ocher-ocher, umbala ophuzi ophuzi noma o-orange.

I-cedar oilcan ine-thick and base-tapers eya phezulu, ubude bayo bufinyelela kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-12 cm. Amakhowe atholakala emisedari, emasikari emisedari noma emahlathini e-coniferous. Isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwe-fungus sihambisana nokuqala kwepine yezimbali.

Uyazi? Muva nje, ososayensi baye bathola ezintweni ezikhethekile ze-oyile eziqeda ikhanda, kanye nokusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-gout.

Larch isitifiketi

I-orr larch ingase ihlale eduze kwama-larches. Larch maslata ingatholakala emahlathini kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuNovemba. Lolu hlobo lwamafutha lusebenza kahle futhi lukhula ngamaqembu amakhulu. I-butterfly ye-larch ine-smooth slug lemon-yellow noma i-orange-yellow yellow-cap, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukuyihlaziya. Umbala wengxenye yawo ye-spongy ihlukahluka kusuka ophuzi kuya ophuzi obomvu; uma ucindezelwe, amabala anombala obomvana awenza kuwo.

Umlenze wesigubhu we-fungus engxenyeni engenhla uhlotshiswe ngendandatho, ngenhla lapho une-lemon-ophuzi, futhi ngezansi unemibala enombala ophuzi. I-pulp ye-oiler iluphuzi, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula inemibala eluhlaza. I-mushroom ine-flavour emnene nomunandi omnandi.

I-Butter dish yangempela

Isilwane se-oiler sikhula emhlabathini onesihlabathi. Isikhathi sokuqoqa siqala ngoMeyi futhi siphela ngo-Septhemba. Izitho zomzimba zikhula zodwa noma ngamaqembu.

Kubalulekile! Odokotela banxusa ukuba bangadli amafutha amaningi kulabo abanesifo esithile segciwane lesisu. Iqiniso liwukuthi amakhowe amakhulu amaningi aqukethe i-cellulose, efakwe ku-quinine, engagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukudla, kodwa futhi ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwesimiso sokugaya ukudla.

I-britishdi yangempela ihlotshiswe ngesikhwama esingu-10 cm, ngokuqala nge-convex bese icishe ifane ne-knob encane emkhatsini wesimo, sibe ne-chocolate-brown futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibe nomthunzi omncane we-violet. I-fungus ihlanganiswe ne-mucosa ene-radial-fibrous, ikhasi elilula kalula. Ama-tubules amakhowe amancane aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abumnyama futhi baba mnyama ophuzi.

Ama-pores of the fungus aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa njengoba ikhunta ikhula, iba yiphuzi elikhanyayo, futhi kamuva liphuzi elibomvu. Uhlaka oluyingxube luhlanganiswe nesiqu se-cylindrical, sifinyelela ubude obuyi-10 kuya kwezingu-25 cm futhi sibe ne-lemon-yellow hue engxenyeni engenhla, nomthunzi obumnyama endaweni engezansi. Njengoba i-fungus ikhula, i-blanky i-blanky blanket, eqala ukuxhuma emaphethelweni we-cap ne-stem, ihlala kuyo ngendlela ye-violet noma i-black-brown ring.

I-pulp british is present is a very juicy and soft and has a high taste taste, efana pulp of amakhowe amhlophe. I-dish yangempela neyamanga yamabhotela ayifani phakathi kwabo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuyidibanisa.

I-butterdish ephawulekayo

Ibhoteladi eliphawulekayo linesikhwama esinamahloni esicwebezelayo, esingaba ububanzi kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-15 cm. I-mushroom yenza i-stem efushane, ifinyelele ubude obuyi-11 cm ubude futhi ihlotshwe ngendandatho enamathele ngaphakathi. I-mushroom ewudliwayo enesidlo esifanele ukukhethwa, ukuma nokulala.

Udwebe ibhotela lesitsha

Amafutha aqoshiwe angaba ne-cap, okungaba ngu-3 kuya ku-15 cm ububanzi. Ngasenqenqemeni yekhanda, ungacabangela ama-flakes, okuyizinhlawulo zengubo yangasese. Ikhanda le-fungus linomumo obanzi noma owenziwe ngomcamelo. Umbala wayo uncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu: lapho umswakama ophezulu ubumnyama, futhi ukhanyisa ngesimo sezulu esomile. Futhi, ikhanda le-fungus lishintsha umbala uma litheleleke ngezinambuzane. Ama-bolettes aqoshiwe abasha abomvu obomvu, obomvu obomvu, izigqoko zewayini ezibomvu noma ezibomvu ezimbozwe izilinganiso ezincane ezimnyama noma ezibomvu. Umlenze ophuzi we-fungus ungafinyelela ubude obungafika ku-12 cm. Indawo yonyaka isinqunywe yizilimo eziyizigaxa eziwela phansi umlenze futhi zenze imifino.

I-pulp ephuzi ye-fungus inomqondo ophezulu futhi ibuyela ngokuphuka, kodwa kumnandi kakhulu ukunambitheka. Amafutha aqoshiwe angadliwa ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa ngaphambi kokushisa.

I-oiler Ruby

I-oiler ruby ​​iyi-mushroom engavamile kakhulu edlalayo etholakala kuphela ehlathini le-oki. Amakhowe amancane anekhanda elibomvu elibomvu elibomvu noma eliphuzi elibomvu, eligcina livula futhi liphenduke libe elincane. It has a hymenophore tubular. Ama-tubes nama-pores we-fungus abomvu obomvu futhi angashintshi umbala uma ewonakele. Umlenze omnyama ohlotshaniswa neqembu noma umlenze wesiginci ugoqa phansi futhi uhlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okubomvu.

I-fungus inomzimba ophuzi, inyama ongashintshi umbala emoyeni futhi awunayo i-mushroom ukunambitheka nephunga elimnandi.

Ubomvu obomvu obomvu

Ibhotela elibomvu elibomvu linesikhwama semisipha ephuzi noma e-orange, esigcwele izikali ezibomvu ze-orange. Ukuwa kwama-tubes ama-fungal aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka noma okuphuzi okwesibhakabhaka kuhlanganiswe nama-pores amaningi. I-cap igcinwa iphinde ibheke phansi futhi iphinde, ibe nomlenze ophuzi obomvu-orange. I-pulp ephuzi eliphuzi elimhlophe le-fungus ephukile liphenduka elibomvu futhi linikeza ukunambitheka okungaqondakali kwamakhowe.

I-red-red-handsome ingatholakala e-Alps, e-Western Siberia, e-Altai, e-Western Siberia naseYurophu.

Ibhotela elibomvu

Ibhotela elibomvu yi-mushroom encane ekhula emahlathini ahlanganisiwe futhi iyakwazi ukujabulisa amaqabunga ethu okunambitheka ngokunambitheka okuthakazelisayo okumnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi le-mushroom. I-mushroom ihlala ngaphansi kwezibhamu bese idala i-mycelium nayo. Ungaya ukuzingela amabhubhu abomvu kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuNovemba. Abalimi be-mushroom abanolwazi bathi akunakwenzeka ukungaqapheli inqwaba ebomvu enomshini obomvu wamafutha obomvu otshanini. I-mushroom ayibekezelelisi isizungu, ngakho-ke, uma uthola isitsha sebhotela elilodwa, khona-ke uzobaqoqa ukuze uthole isikhwama esincane.

Lapho upheka, isikhumba sisuswa ku-fungus, njengoba kuba umbala omnyama ongajabulisayo ngenkathi ukwelashwa ukushisa, futhi amathumba ahlutshiwe anombala okhanyayo wokhilimu.

Isitsha sebhotela elimhlophe

Amafutha amhlophe angatholakala emahlathini amancane ahlambalaza. I-mushroom ikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu. Isikhwama sokugubha esinesihluthulelo phakathi nendawo i-gray-white nge-tint encane noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-caper oiler ingafinyelela ububanzi obufinyelela ku-10 cm, futhi ifakwe ungqimba olunamanzi obunamanzi. Uhlaka oluyingqimba lwe-tubular olubomvu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olunamakhanda aluqukethe amashubhu amakhulu awela emlenzeni.

Umlenze we-mushroom omusha ugozwe ngendandatho ebanzi, ephika nesikhathi. Isikhwama sigcwele i-hard peel engasuswa kalula ngokunciphisa i-fungus imizuzu embalwa ngamanzi abilayo.

Isitsha sebhotela laseSiberia

I-cap inamaqabunga e-mushroom e-oiler yaseSiberia ingafinyelela ububanzi kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-10 cm. Ama-caps amakhowe amancane anombono ohlangene ovuthiwe, ovuthiwe futhi ovuthiwe nomhlobiso nombala womnqumo ophuzi noma ophuzi. Ikhanda le-mushroom lenziwa ngamafayili avulekile. Umbala wemilenze kanye ne-pulp ye-fungus iyomphuzi ophuzi noma ophuzi. Ngaphandle, isidlo se-bhotela saseSiberia sifana kakhulu nesitsha se-bhotela se-cedar, kodwa sinombala ogqamile kunesihlobo saso.

Kubalulekile! Izazi ze-biophysicists ziye zathola ukuthi ama-boletus kakhulu kunazo zonke ezinye amakhowe ajwayele ukuqoqwa kwama-rayonuclides, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kakhulu indawo yeqoqo lawo.

Mayelana namafutha angakhuluma isikhathi eside. Kodwa into esemqoka - ama-mushroom amnandi kakhulu, afanele kokubili efomini elisha nefriji. Amafutha anempilo futhi anempilo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhetha amakhowe, qaphela kakhulu futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi akufanele uthumele amakhophi asolisayo kudumbana, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungabangela ubuthi obukhulu.