I-Pelley (Pilea), efana - inkinobho ye-push fern, kungokomndeni we-synopteris. Emvelweni walo wemvelo, izibhamu zikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezisezindaweni ezishisayo nezifudumele emazwenikazi ahlukene, kodwa zivame ukutholakala eMelika.
Incazelo yama-pellets kanye nezinhlobo zayo
Ihluke kwezinye izilwane ngoba zibekezelela kahle umswakama, futhi uma zigcinwa kahle, amaqabunga akhula isikhathi eside. Izici ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuba ukhule lesi simila njenge-ampelnoy. Laba bathande imbali zezitshalo zasendlini abavami ukukhula, ngoba bacabanga ukuthi lo mnqamulajuqu unxusa kakhulu futhi unengqondo ekunakekeleni. Kodwa-ke, abacimi bezitshalo bathi lokhu akusilo ngokuphelele: uma unakekela kahle le fern, kungaba umhlobiso ofanelekile kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
Ebusika, i-pellet idinga ukupholisa, futhi ikamelo elishisayo liyithinta kabi kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhulisa le mbali ensimini epholile yasebusika, lapho ingaqaphela umsebenzi wayo wokumboza umhlaba. Ubukhulu obuncane be-pellet buyenza cishe bungabonakali endaweni yayo yemvelo. Kodwa ekukwazi ukwakha i-carpet yemifino yemvelo ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezinkulu, le fern ayikho elinganayo.
Uyazi? Ezikhathini zasendulo kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uma usika inhlanzi, ungabangela imvula. Futhi uma uyisusa, khona-ke ngisho nesiphepho.
Ngokwemvelo, i-pellet inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-80, kodwa ngu-6 kuphela okhulile njengesivalo sezindlu:
- Kruglolistnaya (Pellaea rotundifolia). Iqukethe ama-scaly rhizome ezinwabuzelayo kanye namaqabunga azungezile noma ama-elliptical ombala omnyama omnyama.
- Ubomvu obomvu (Pellaea atropurpurea). Ihlukana nama-petioles abomvu namaqabunga abomvu. Kungenziwa ukutshala njengesitshalo sezindlu kanye nesitshalo segadi.
- Okuhlaza (Pellaea viridis). Uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwamapelisi. Ibukeka njengeqabunga elizungezile, kodwa amaqabunga ahlukene kancane.
- Uhlobo lwe-egg (Pellaea ovata). Iqukethe amafolintshi aluhlaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ane-lobes enesimo senhliziyo. Kuyinto engathobekile ekushiyeni futhi idlulise ngokuphelele ukushisa ngisho nesikhathi sasebusika.
- Umkhonto (Pellaea hastata hort.) Isixhumanisi, uP. viridis Prantl). Ihlukana namaqabunga angama-triangular, atholakala njenge-asymmetrically.
- Ukuphuza (Pellaea glabella). U-Fern ubude obude ngamasentimitha angu-35 ngamagqabunga ahamba phambili nama-petioles avulekile. Kubhekwa njengesiko esihle sokuhlobisa ama-slides alpine.
Njengesitshalo sezindlu esivame ukuvuthwa ngamapelisi ajikeleze nxazonke. I-shrub encane enezimpande ezinwabuzelayo. Endle, le fern itholakala emahlathini emvula ase-Australia naseNew Zealand. Amagqabhagqabha asemaphethelweni angama-rounds ahlelwe ngephethini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eceleni kwesibhamu. I-Pelley ayikhuli ngamandla, kodwa ingaveza kuze kube yizinkulungwane eziyishumi ezincane ngesikhathi. Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo kuvame ukulinganiselwa ku-15 cm, nakuba ama-ferns abadala angakhula angama-40 cm.
I-Pelleya iqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, ingahlali ngisho nangenkathi ebandayo, nakuba inkathi ekhulayo ingokoqobo entwasahlobo-ehlobo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukufa njalo kwamaqabunga endala, okuthinta ama-pellets okuhlobisa. Isici esivelele salezi zinhlanzi kuba khona kwezimbambo ezincane, eqinisweni, eziba izikali ezimbili zombala ezimpandeni. I-Pelley njengembali yasendlini ngumfazi omncintisayo omncane ongakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi i-princess.
Uyazi? Le fern inegama layo ngenxa yombala omnyama wama-leaf stalks "pellos" (omnyama). Sine-pellets eyaziwa kangcono njenge-push-button, naseYurophu - njenge-fern inkinobho.
U-Pelleya: Ukukhetha indawo yendawo yasekhaya
Le fern engavamile - ithanda umswakama njalo namahora apholile. Ukuphatheka kahle komoya omile emakamelweni nokunakekelwa okulula kwenza kube uhlobo oluthembisayo kakhulu lwesitshalo sezindlu. I-sheen enhle kakhulu yamaqabunga ngokweqile ikhuphula ingaphakathi, okwenza igumbi libukeka lihlanzekile unyaka wonke. I-Pelley ingakhetha ngokuphepha ngisho ne-novice ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zasendlini.
Ukushisa kwemoya nomswakama we-pellets ekhulayo
Zonke izinhlobo zama-pellets (ngaphandle kwe-ovoid) zenza okuthandayo kumazinga okushisa ajwayelekile, zithanda ukupholisa ngaphezulu. Ekhululekile entwasahlobo nasehlobo, bazizwa ekushiseni kwe-+20 ° C. Amazinga okushisa ngenhla +23 ° C ayithinte kabi amaqabunga futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okunye okuyingxenye yokunisela. Ngakho-ke, ngamapulangwe, kungcono ukukhetha amakamelo apholile kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi nesikhathi semifino eyodwa akufanele ivumele izinga lokushisa lishone ku + 17 ... 18 ° C.
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, ama-pellets ahlinzeka ukushisa kuka-14 ... 16 ° C. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, lingabangela amaqabunga aphelele noma ahlukane. Kulesi simo, ohlelweni lokunakekela kufanele ludlulise amaqabunga okushisa. Amazinga okushisa aphansi angase abe yingozi kulolu sitshalo. Akukhona ngengozi ukuthi phakathi kwama-pellets angaphakathi kukhona izitshalo eziningi ze-ferns engadini. Bayathanda umoya omusha, abamesabi ama-drafts futhi badinga ukuqhuma okuhlelekile ekamelweni. Njengoba i-pellet ithanda ukupholisa ngisho nasehlobo, ivela ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwamatharafu amnandi, amabhaluni noma ngezinsuku ezipholile.
Kubalulekile! Uma uhlola izinga lokushisa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukushisa kwe-substrate kubaluleke kakhulu kumapelisi. Eqinisweni, akufanele kube ngezansi +14 ° C - ukuncibilika ngokweqile kwenqubo yezimpande kuyingozi kwisitshalo.
Luhlobo luni lokukhanyisa olufana ne-pellet?
Naphezu kokuthi ama-pellets angama-ferns, afuna ukukhanya-ke, adinga ukubekwa okukhethekile. Zonke izinhlobo zama-pellets, ngaphandle kwebala elibomvu elimnyama nelomnyama, alikwazi ukuma ilanga eliqondile. Ukukhanya kufanele kube okukhanyayo kodwa kwahlukana. Uma i-pellet ifakwa kumafasitela aseningizimu, khona-ke idinga ukuthunjwa nezikrini eziguquguqukayo. Okuhle kunakho konke, i-pern pellet izwa kumafasitela amafasitela abheke enyakatho. Ehlangothini olusentshonalanga nasempumalanga yesitshalo kungcono ukuhlela okwesibili kuya emgqeni wesithathu, noma ukuhlela ukukhanya okungafani.
Akunakwenzeka ukubiza ama-pellets othandana nomthunzi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuvumelanisa nokubekezelelana komthunzi okudingekayo kusukela esemncane. Emthunzini, isitshalo esinjalo siyokhula kancane, futhi amaqabunga azoshintsha umbala ezindaweni. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo asilahlekelwa umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa noma kumthunzi noma ku-penumbra. Ukuze ujwayele ukuthungatha emthunzini, udinga kancane kancane, esikhathini esingamaviki angu-1-2, ushintshe indawo yayo, ukuhambisa isitshalo isikhathi ngasinye ngo-50 cm. Kungenzeka ushintshe izikhundla ezingu-2-3.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhanyisa ngamapulangwe kungcono ukulungiswa ekuphumuleni (Okthoba-Febhuwari).
Pelley: ukulungiselela ukufika
Uma uthenge i-pellet esitolo sembali, ungasheshi ukuyibeka ngokushesha efasiteleni - yenza izimo ezikhululekile zesitshalo.
Ukukhethwa kwamandla okufika
Izimbiza zokufakelwa kabusha kufanele zibe ngodaka noma i-ceramic - ipulasitiki ne-tin akufanelekile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi encane. Ngama-pellets, ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu bokukhula kwezimpande, izimbiza ezijulile nezingajulile zifanelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izitshalo ezincane nezincane azikwazi ukutshala ezitsheni ezinkulu. Ngaphansi kwe-tank kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi (ubumba obunwetshiwe).
Uyazi? Izitshalo zomzimba kanye nama-lotion we-fern asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amanxeba nezinyoka zokulunywa, ukuvuvukala nokukhwehlela.
Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala amapelisi
Cishe zonke izithombo ezithengwa ezitolo, zatshalwe ku-substrate, zihlotshiswe ngabagqugquzeli abahlukahlukene bokukhula. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze unikeze imbali isethulo esingcono. Kodwa-ke, enhlabathini enjalo kulula ukuhambisa isitshalo. Nokho, le nhlabathi idinga ukushintshwa. Ama-Ferns athande i-asidi ye-4.5-5.5 pH. Ukwakha umhlabathi onjalo wezakhi, i-humus, iqabunga (ingadi) inhlabathi kanye ne-peat ithathwa ngamasheya alinganayo. Ungangeza isanti emhlabathini.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala kwe-Pelley
Ukufakelwa kwezithelo zeFern kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka. Lapho isitshalo sitshalwe kabusha, uhlelo lwempande luphuma kahle kulesi sitsha futhi, kanye nomhlaba we-lump, udluliselwa ezindlini ezintsha. Isikhala samahhala sigcwele i-substrate elungiselelwe. Ukunciphisa isendlalelo esingaphezulu akudingekile - kufanele ufafazwe nomhlaba, owake wahlala ebhodweni elidala. Emva kokutshala kuyadingeka ukuthulula amanzi amaningi afudumele.
Kubalulekile! Uma uthenge ama-pellets esitolo sembali, izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala kufanele zigcinwe zihlukile kuzo zonke izitshalo ukuze kugweme ukutheleleka okuvumelekile.
I-Pelleas yanda ngamagosa futhi ihlukanisa isihlahla.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamapulangwe ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Uma i-pellea ikhulile kakhulu, ungasebenzisa le ndlela yokukhiqiza kwayo, njengokuhlukaniswa kwehlathi. Ngoba le mbali ibanjwe futhi ilahliwe iningi lezwe. Sika izimpande nge-blade ebukhali, ehlanzekile zibe yizicucu eziningana.
Kubalulekile! I-delenka ngayinye kumele okungenani ibe namasoksi amabili eshidi.
Izithombo zidinga ukuxoshwa ngokushesha, ukuze izimpande ezincane zingabe zome, zibeke endaweni enomthunzi bese unciphisa ukuchelela. Izintambo zizoshintshwa phakathi nenyanga.
Indlela yokutshala izinhlamvu ze-pellet
I-spores izipelisi eziqoqwe kusuka emaqabungeni bese zomisiwe. Hlwanyela, ngaphandle kokujula, esitheni sokushisa emhlabathini omanzi we-sandy-peat. Ukuvimbela ukuma, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Uma ukhula kusuka ezinhlamvu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi aliwi phansi ngezansi +21 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela, ibhokisi ligcinwa endaweni emnyama, ukushaya kwansuku zonke nokufafaza phansi. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30-90, amahlumela okuqala aqala ukuvela. I-Shelter isusiwe, futhi amandla adluliselwa endaweni ekhanyayo. Phakathi kwamahlumela, ibanga elingama 2.5-3 cm kufanele ligcinwe. Emva kokuba izithombo zikhule, zingatshalwa zibe izimbiza ngenhlabathi yamapelomu amakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi utshale embizeni eyodwa 2-3 izithombo.
Uyazi? ENgilandi, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngosizo lwe-Fern spores umuntu angabonakali futhi athole amandla omlingo.
Uhlanganisa izipelisi zokunakekela ekhaya
Nakuba i-pelleya nesitshalo esiyingqayizivele, kodwa ukunakekelwa kuyinto elula, futhi abathandi bommbali be-novice bangazijwayeza amaphuzu aphambili esithombeni.
Indlela yokuphuza i-home fern
AmaFerns - izitshalo ezinomswakama ezithandayo ezidinga nje ukuchelela okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Amanzi kufanele ahlukaniswe futhi afudumele (noma igumbi lokushisa). Ukungabi nomswakama kungaphazamisa ama-pellets. Ukushiya amanzi epanini nokuthululela amapelisi nakho akufanele kube-kubhekene nokubola kwempande. Phakathi kokunisela 3-4 cm we-topsoil kufanele ime.
Kubalulekile! Amafregi azwela ukuguqula umbuso wokunisela: uma benganisela isikhathi eside bese egcwala amanzi, lesi sitshalo ngeke siphumelele.
Ukuze ama-ferns athele amanzi angcono ukusebenzisa amanzi, amanzi noma imvula. Ngezinye izikhathi ungasebenzisa amanzi abilisiwe noma ahlanjululwe (ukuphuza amanzi) ukuphuza ama-pellets. Ngaphezu kokunisela okuvamile, ama-ferns adinga ukufakwa. Imvamisa yokufafaza incike ezingeni lomswakama ekamelweni. Uma umoya ekamelweni loma, kufanele udonsa isitshalo nsuku zonke.
Uma isibonakaliso somswakama sisesimweni esamukelekayo (50% noma ngaphezulu) sama-pellets, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile akudingekile ukuyifiphaza - izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto ngokwanele. Nakuba i-Pylae njengefomu le-hybrid ayibangeli inkathazo enkulu ekunakekeleni ekhaya, inesidingo esikhethekile samanzi: amaqabunga angaphathwa kuphela ngamanzi athambile, ahleliwe, afudumele kancane kunokushisa kwekamelo. Uma uthuli seluqongelele ku-fern, futhi akukho sidingo sokupuniza, kungcono ukususa ukungcola nge-brush esithambile - ukuhlanza okumanzi ngeke kuthande i-pellei.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukuphuza amapelisi kudingeka uqaphele - awukwazi ukuthulula amanzi emaqabunga.
Umanyolo wokufakelwa
Njengezitshalo eziningi ezihlwanyelwe, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (entwasahlobo-ekwindla), izipelingi zidinga ukondla okwengeziwe. Udinga ukondla isitshalo okungenani kanye njalo emva kwamasonto amabili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ukufaka umquba ocebile noma ukwakheka okhethekile kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa amaqabunga.
Kubalulekile! I-nitrogen fertilizer ehlanzekile ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa amapelisi, ngoba idinga ibhalansi ekhethekile yezici zokulandelela.
Phakathi nesikhathi se-dormancy (ekwindla-ebusika), naphezu kokuthi i-pellet ayiyeki ukukhula, umquba awusetshenzisiwe ngisho nangaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhlobisa.
Kanjani futhi nini ukufakelwa ama-pellets
AmaFerns akhiqiza amaqabunga amasha angaphezu kwayishumi nonyaka, futhi abadala bayomiswa. Ama-pelleys awachitheli amaqabunga awo futhi adinga usizo olungaphandle - omdala, omisiwe namaqabunga amabi nje alulame. Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukuvuselelwa. Kubalulekile ukutshala izimpande njengoba izimpande zikhula emhlabathini, futhi ubuyekeze isendlalelo esiphezulu njalo eminyakeni emithathu (cishe isigamu sezinguquko zishintshwa kabusha). Futhi uma ukufakelwa kabusha, uma ukhula selukhulile, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlukana kwezihlahla.
Ibhodlela lokutshala izipelingi kufanele libe likhulu kancane kunangaphambili (amamentimitha amabili ubude nobubanzi). Awudingi ukuzamazama izimpande emhlabathini - isitshalo kufanele sibekwe esitsheni esisha "nenhlabathi" yomuntu siqu. Ngemuva kokufakelwa isitshalo, i-fern, njenge-Pilan Lebanese, idinga ukunakekelwa okhethekile ekhaya: ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-5, imbali kufanele igcinwe ezimweni zesikhashana (ekuthunzeni okuncane, emazingeni aphakeme asezingeni eliphezulu), igcine umswakama ophansi womhlaba ize iguqule futhi ibuye ikhule.
Uyazi? AmaFerns - abameleli abangakaqondakali bezwe. Abavubukuli namhlanjesi bayizimpendulo ze-plant, abahlala izigidi zeminyaka edlule.
Izinkinga ezikhusheni ezikhulayo ekhaya, izifo ezinkulu kanye nezinambuzane zezilwane
I-Pelley ayisuke ingathinteki yizidakamizwa. Izinkinga ezikhona zingabandakanya:
- Amaqabunga aphuzi kanye namahlumela athambile. Lesi simo singase senzeke ngenxa yobuningi bomhlabathi obuningi. Njengokuhlwanyelwa okugqinsiwe, uma unakekela ama-fern ekhaya, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ebhodweni awunaki.
- Uma ama-pellets aphendukile amaqabunga aphukile futhi aqala ukuwa, kusho ukuthi ukukhanyisa kwawo kukhanya kakhulu, futhi udinga ukushintsha indawo ebhodweni noma uhlele ukukhanya okwenziwe ngesitshalo.
- Amaqabunga ashicilelwe futhi omisiwe abonisa ukuthi izimo zokushisa ziphukile - i-fern ishisa kakhulu.
- Amaqabunga aphihlikile futhi amile emaphethelweni, amaqabunga amasha amancane. Lona umphumela wokuthola amapelisi emthunzini.
- Amabala aphuzi namasundu emaqabeni enkulumo ekhuluma nge-sunburn.
- Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi aphuzi - isitshalo asinayo umoya owanele. Kuyadingeka ukuba uphume ekamelweni kaningi kaningi.
- Ngenxa yekhwalithi yamanzi embi (ebanda, ene-chlorine eningi), i-nematode ingaqala emhlabathini. Kulesi simo, i-pellet ingagcinwa kuphela ngokutshala kabusha emhlabathini omusha kanye nokwelapha kanyekanye ngesisombululo esikhethekile.
Izinsongo ezinkulu kunama-pellets yizo:
- ukubola okwenzeka ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi;
- isihlangu;
- i-thrips;
- i-aphid
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-pellets awahlushwa izinambuzane ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezimweni ezimile - izibungu zesicabucabu. Ukuhlanza amaqabunga ukulwa nezilokazane akunconywa - kungcono ukuchitha izinambuzane. Ama-pellets amahle akugcini nje ukwengeza ukuhlanzeka kwiqoqo lakho lokuvuna, kodwa futhi ugcwalise indlu ngokuvumelana okuyingqayizivele. Into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezikhululekile ze-fern.
