Vika - isitshalo somndeni we-legume, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlwanyela ama-peas. Ingakwazi ukukhula njengesitshalo sasendle ezindaweni ezingakhiwa, eduze komngcele wemigwaqo, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesitshalo esitshalwe. Esikhathini esilandelayo, u-Vika uvame ukuphakanyiswa ukudla kwezilwane. Lezi zinto zigxila endleleni yokutshala izitshalo ezitshalwe ngayo.
Vic: incazelo nezinhlobo
Okokuqala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yiliphi i-vetch, ukuthi libukeka kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezenzekayo. Kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo kungadliwa, futhi mhlawumbe unyaka owodwa. Izitshalo zingase zime, kodwa kwezinye izinhlobo zinyuka, ezibambelela ezintsheni. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwama-20-100 cm. Amaqabunga amaningi anama-stiples, ane-pinnate. Ama-vertices angahle agxumeke noma aphelele. Amafomu asemqoka: okubunjiwe, okwemigqa, oblong. I-axis i-leks iveza umqhele wamadevu.
I-vika blooms utshani enezimpunga ezimhlophe, eziphuzi, ezibomvu noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zingaba i-axillary eyodwa, futhi zingaqoqwa ngezigcawu zezimbali ezimbili noma ezintathu. I-Corollas inesimo esifana nomkhumbi. Ama-peduncles afana nobude obukhulu namaqabunga noma angadlula kancane. Izimbali zivela ngoJuni futhi zibambe kuze ku-Agasti. Ngemuva kwezimbali, kubhontshisiwe ubhontshisi oblongile, okungahle kube nembewu emibili, enemibala eminingi. I-rhizome yesitshalo ihlanganiswe, ebaluleke kakhulu. Ikhula ngaphakathi ngaphakathi futhi iyakwazi ukuthola izakhi ezanele.
Okuphelele, okungenani ezingu-140 ze-peas ziyaziwa ukuthi zikhula eMpumalanga Afrika, eNingizimu Melika naseYurophu. Lezi izitshalo ezinomsoco, ifolishi nokuhlobisa. Inhlobo ye-Vicia faba, eyaziwa ngokuthi ibhontshisi yasensimu, iyalinywa eMexico, eThailand naseChina njengesitshalo se-legume sokusetshenziswa kokudla. I-Vika ehlwanyelayo noma ejwayelekile u-Vicia sativa L ithola ukuthi iyasakazeka ezindaweni zethu. Inemifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubhontshisi obomvu obomvu kanye nobunikazi obubomvu obumnyama. Kuyinto isitshalo ezinwabuzelayo ezifinyelela 110 cm ubude. Emagatsheni ukhulisa amaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-5-8.
I-winter vetch - olunye uhlobo lwesitshalo, oluhlukaniswa nokuvuthwa nokubekezela kwesomiso. Izakhiwo zayo zokudla okunomsoco zifaniswa ne-alfalfa, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa utshani, utshani, ufulawa, ifolishi eluhlaza, isilawuli esingaphansi. Ipea evame kakhulu emgqeni wethu yintwasahlobo. Le vetch isitshalo esinomsoco, ngakho-ke sesithole isicelo sayo kwezolimo njengotshani lwefolda. 123 g weprotheyini ngamakhilogremu angu-100 obuningi bawo obomile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuhlobisa, i-Vika Kashubian (iVicia cassubica L., ejwayelekile eScandinavia naseYurophu Ephakathi) kufanelekile ukuyibiza. Ukuphela kwesikhathi kunomswakama ohamba kancane, oweba ngu-60 cm ubude. unesimo se-oval noma se-oblong. Ukunqothula izimbali ezibomvu-ezibomvu ziqoqiwe emigqumeni ye-axillary yezingcezu ezingu-10-15. Ziqhakaza phakathi nehlobo. Izithelo zitholakala kumbewu eyodwa noma emithathu ene-oval, flat. Lesi sitshalo asibekezeleleki, sibhekene namazinga okushisa afike ku -29 ° C.
U-Vicia cracca L., noma i-vetch yegundane, ikhula e-USA nase-Eurasia. Isikhathi eside sakhula sibe ngu-180 cm. Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe agcinwa ngama-petioles amafushane, i-tendril yegatsha ikhiwa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ama-stiples akhule ibe ngamentimitha ubude. Amashidi cishe angaba ngu-0.6 cm ubude no-3 cm ubude futhi akhule ama-6-15 ama-ubude ubude, i-lanceolate eqondile. Izimbali eziqhakazile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezibomvu ziqoqwe emabhulashini axillary wezingcezu ezingu-1-30. Isibungu sikhula ku-1.3 cm ubude. Izimbali ziqala kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Kubhekwa njengesitshalo esihle somju. Ubhontshisi bukhula bube ngu-2 cm ubude, ube nesimo esicacile, oblong-rhombic. Lesi sitshalo siphinde sikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa. 
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa izitshalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-Vika Fencing (i-Vicia sepium L.), incazelo efana nezinhlobo zangaphambilini. Into kuphela eshiya ikhula ngama-3-9, futhi izimpande-izimbali ezibomvu ziqoqwe ngezibhamu zezingcezu ezingu-2-6. Izimbali ziqala kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Emasimini, futhi bakhula i-Vika elilodwa elingapheli (i-Vicia unijuga A. Braun). Ukwakha iziqu eziningi zilula kuze kube ngu-70 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga ama-parotid abe neqembu elilodwa kuphela. Izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezibomvu kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm ubude ziqoqwe emabhulashini amaningi. Izimbali ziqala kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Izithelo ziyize, ziyizicucu. Lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa phansi -18 ° C.
Indlela yokutshala i-Vika
Nakuba i-vetch vetch inezinhlobo eziningi, ukunakekela kuzo kufana nalokhu. Kodwa izinsuku zokutshala ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesitshalo.
Izinsuku zokufika
Njengomthetho jikelele, uma isitshalo sitshalwe okusanhlamvu noma sondla, sitshale ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Yenzani lokhu kanye nezinye izitshalo ukugwinya ukukhula kokhula. Ukuze uthole ukondla ekwindla kuhlwanyelwa ensimini ehlwanyelwe ngemuva kwesiguli sokuvuna ngoJulayi. I-Vika itshalwe ubusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti; khona-ke entwasahlobo izovuka futhi ikhule ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi kanye nepelepele.
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela isitshalo ngezinye izitshalo: ummbila, ubhekilanga, ukolweni, oats, ibhali. Futhi kunciphisa okuqukethwe kokunqoba nokulondoloza ama-alkaloids esitshalweni, okukunika ukunambitheka okubabayo.
Uhlelo lokutshala utshani
Lesi sitshalo sisakaze imbewu, ehlwanyelwe ekujuleni okungaba ngu-2 cm. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10 cm. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokutshala ngokungahambisani nalesi sitshalo ngeke kube mbi kakhulu. Ikhula kahle ngokuhlanganiswa ne-cruciferous. Kulolu cala, bayanconywa ukuba bafike emaphethini wokuhlola. Emgqeni wezwe kuyadingeka ukuhlwanyela cishe imbewu eyi-2 kg.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sitshalo asikhuthazwa ukuba sihlwanyelwe emquba omusha, ngaphandle kwalokho singasisekela. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izinga layo lokudla.
Amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele amasonto ambalwa emva kokuhlwanyela, futhi kusukela ezinhlathini zosuku lwesihlanu ziqala ukushayela. Izimbali zokuqala zivela ngenyanga futhi zigcine isikhathi esingaphezulu kwenyanga. Ekupheleni kwezimbali emva kwamasonto amane imbewu ivuthwe. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, inkathi ekhulayo ihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-120.
Indlela yokunakekela kahle i-Vika
I-Vika ayidingi ukufika okhethekile kuphela, kodwa nokukhathalela. Lapho nje amahlumela okuqala evela, isitshalo sinconywa ukuba sondle. Ukudla okulandelayo kufanele kwenzeke ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwamafihlethi. Ngalesi sigaba, i-Vika iphakanyiswa ukuba ihlaziye futhi ifihle emhlabathini. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngumlimi. Umcimbi kufanele uhambisane nokudla okuvamile. Ukunciphisa kwenziwa kanye noma kabili ngesizini ngasinye. Lokhu kusiza isitshalo ukuthuthukisa kangcono futhi ugcwalise ama-juice.
Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuze njengoba sidingeka, kepha ngokushesha nje lapho isikhathi sokuqala sehlumela siqala, ukuchelela kufanele kwandiswe. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba i-vetch nayo ikhula ngokungazelelwe emhlabathini ongenqotshwe.
Lesi sitshalo asinasidingo esikhethekile somhlabathi, singaba nesibalo, kepha mhlawumbe sibe lula. Okuhle kakhulu, iVika uzizwa ecebile nge-calcium. Lesi sitshalo asinasithakazelo esincane ezinambuzane futhi asihambisani nezifo ezinzima. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi nesikhathi esomile singahlaselwa yi-aphid.
Ukuhlanza i-wiki ye-hay
Uma lesi sitshalo sesitshalwe ekudleni, isikhathi esihle sokugaya kuyoba isikhathi sokubunjwa kwezithelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izakhi zomlotha, amaprotheni nezinye izinto eziwusizo zigxila emanzini nasemaceleni.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola ukuthi isitshalo asizange siphume noma siwile. Kulesi simo, izinkomo ziyidla ngokudabuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ufulawa olunjalo lungalungile ubisi lwezinkomo, kanti nezinkomo ezingabangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu.
Indlela yokuthola imbewu yama-wiki
Uma cishe u-70-80% wezithelo ze-wiki ziba nsundu, yisikhathi sokuqoqa imbewu. Kuze kube yizinkulungwane eziyi-10 zezitshalo zezitshalo zingasuswa ngehektha ngalinye lomhlaba. Uma weqa lesi sigaba bese uqoqa imbewu kamuva, lesi sibalo singancishiswa kakhulu. Izithelo ezikhulile ngokweqile ziqhekeka kalula, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, esibangela ukuba imbewu iwele phansi. Uma uqoqa izithelo ekuqaleni, uzothola izinto zokutshala zezinga elihlukene lokuvuthwa.
Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ubisi - izithelo ziluhlaza;
- i-milk-wax - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- I-wax - ensundu futhi ikhuni;
- i-brown egcwele nge-bloom yaxy, kanzima.
Imbewu engakafiki ingabuye ikhule, kepha ikhwalithi yabo ihlupheka kakhulu. Banezinto ezingenayo ngokwanele zezinto ezizuzisayo, ngakho-ke ukuhluma kombungu akusiyo njalo kuphumelele. Emva kokuqoqa imbewu, kumele bome futhi bavuthwe. Ukwenza lokhu, bahlelwe endaweni efudumele eyomile, evikelekile emisebeni yelanga. Uma isikhathi sokuvuna emva kokuvuna sizohlala ezinyangeni ezingu-1-3, ungakwazi ukufeza izinga eliphezulu lokuhluma imbewu.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-wiki (ngomhlabathi)
Impahla eyinzuzo enkulu yesitshalo ukuthi iqoqa i-nitrogen emhlabathini. Lesi sitshalo sibonga inani elikhulu lama-bacterial tuberous ahlala e-rhizome yayo. Yingakho i-Vika ingumakhelwane omuhle wezitshalo ezidinga ukwanda kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Uyazi? Ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo sikhulelwa umanyolo. Ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zasentwasahlobo zixubene nesinaphi.
Phakathi kwezinye izindawo eziwusizo okumele ziqaphele:
- inhlabathi enhle kakhulu ikhululeka ngenxa yesimiso se-root and deep;
- ivikela inhlabathi;
- ithuthukisa i-microflora yayo;
- umela ukhula;
- ngokuba isitshalo esihle kakhulu senyosi, sikhangisa izinambuzane eziningi eziphethwe impova kanye nezitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
Njengoba ubona, i-Vika iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu esingenakuzithoba futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kuwusizo ekuqedeni indawo kusuka kunokhula, ukudla okukhulayo kwemfuyo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kunenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa. Ekunakekeleni i-peas kuhlaziywa. Kumele kube namanzi anelisayo, kodwa hhayi agcwaliswe, izikhathi eziningana ezondliwe, ezinqunywe futhi zisuswe kusayithi ngesikhathi.
