I-Monstera iyitshalo enhle nesimangalisa kakhulu. Wathandana nabaflorisi abaningi ngenxa yobunjwa babo obungavamile nokulula kwabo ngokunakekelwa. Endle, lesi sitshalo esingapheli sitholakala eNyakatho neMelika eNingizimu Melika, kodwa namhlanje sizobheka i-monstera njengesitshalo sezindlu futhi sibone ukuthi singayinakekela kanjani ekhaya.
Incazelo yesitshalo se-Monstera eshisayo
I-Monstera ingokwezifiso ze-Aroids. Ngokuphelele, lo mndeni unezitshalo ezingafani namashumi amahlanu ubujamo, isakhiwo nokuphakama. I-Monstera ehamba ngezinyoni ezinwabuzelayo, okuvela kuzo izimpande zangezikhathi ezithile, futhi indlebe enamandla yenza i-inflorescence isitshalo.
Amaqabunga embali ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi agxumeke elangeni. Esikhathini esithile sokukhula, izimbobo zakhiwe kuzo, eziguqulwa zibe yizintambo. Ukuma kwamaqabunga cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo ku-ovate-enesimo senhliziyo, futhi usayizi wabo ungafinyelela ku-90 cm ubude. Njengoba i-monstera blooms ingabonakala endle, njengasekhaya kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile.
I-monstera ihlukile kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini ekukhuleni okusheshayo, okwenza kudinge isikhala esiningi. Kungaba umhlobiso omuhle wemifino ebusika evuthayo, lapho isitshalo izwa khona nje. Ingatholakala emahhovisi amaningi nasezindlini zezwe.
Uyazi? Igama lembali livela egameni lesiLatini elithi monstrosus (elimangalisayo, i-whimsical), nakuba abanye abalimi bezitshalo bathi igama livela egameni elithi monstrum (monster).
Izici ze-monstera ekhulayo ekhaya
Zonke izindlu zempahla zinezici zazo ezikhulayo zokukhula nokweqa kule ndaba akuyona into ehlukile (okungukuthi ukunakekelwa nokulima kwesihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezisungulwe). Ekhaya, bavame ukukhulisa ukunambitheka kwe-monstera noma okukhangayo.
Ukukhetha indawo yokukhula okuphumelelayo
Indawo engcono kakhulu yokutshala isitshalo esinjalo njenge-Monstera kuyinto ekhethekile. Kufanele itholakale ngasentshonalanga noma eceleni kwempumalanga kwewindi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuvikela imbali kusuka ezikhathini, ukuze kungabangela ukubonakala kwezifo. Futhi, ungavame ukuyihambisa endaweni ngezindawo. I-Monstera ayithandi ukuchayeka okuqondile kwelanga, ngakho-ke akufanele ukuyibeka endaweni ekhanyayo-iwindi: ukukhanya kufanele kube isilinganiso. Ilanga lingabangela ukushisa embali, okuholela ekwakheni izindawo ezimnyama, futhi ngenxa yalokho - ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Izidingo zenhlabathi nokutshala amandla
Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwembali kufanele kunakekele inhlabathi. Ngokuvamile, ithengwa esitolo, kodwa ungakwazi ukupheka ngokwakho.
Umhlabathi wezilo kufanele ube nezinxenye ezilandelayo:
- umhlaba wezwe;
- i-peat;
- i-humus;
- umhlabathi ohlaza;
- isihlabathi
Zonke lezi zakhi kufanele zithathwe ngokwesilinganiso se-3: 1: 1: 1: 1. Inhlabathi enjalo izothatha amanzi ngokugcwele futhi ivumele umoya ukuba ugeleke. Ukukhetha imbiza yokutshala imbali udinga ukucabangela imingcele ephezulu yesitshalo esizayo. Emgodini omkhulu we-Monstera, uzosiqinisa masinyane uhlelo lwempande bese uqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha, kodwa ngokushesha lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela usayizi omkhulu, izimpande ziqala ukugubha futhi zizungeze emjikelezweni. Ukuze uvimbele i-monster ukuthi ingaziqhathanisi ngokwayo, lapho kusetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuvula nokunqamula izimpande ezidlulele. Uma lokhu kungenzi ukuthi imbali ingawoma.
Ibhodlela kungcono ukuthatha okungaphezulu kwe-2-4 cm yangaphambili ububanzi. Kumele kube ngokuqinile futhi enzima.
Kubalulekile! Ukusekela izilo, kufanele usebenzise amashubhu akhethekile ahlanganiswe ne-moss yokufakelwa. Ngakho ngeke ziphule izitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Indlela yokutshala i-monster ekhaya: ukukhiqizwa kwezivini ezishisayo
Ukuze i-monstera ikhule kahle futhi ikhule, idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufanelekile futhi inakekele. Faka u-5 cm we-drain ebunzini phansi ebhodweni, bese ugcwalisa isitsha nge-½ yombhalo wayo, bese ubeka ngokucophelela isitshalo ngaphandle kokulimaza isimiso saso, bese usimboza ngenhlabathi esele. Ekupheleni kokutshala imbali iniselwa kahle.
I-monster ingakwazi futhi kufanele isakazwe, futhi izindlela zayo zokuzalanisa zibalwe ngezansi.
Indlela 1. Ukusakazwa kwe-Monstera ngemiklamo yomoya
Ngqimba ngalinye kumele okungenani kube nomsuka owodwa we-air kanye neqabunga elilodwa. Igatsha lidluliselwa emgodini ohlukile nge-substrate yezakhi, ukuphuziswa ngokucophelela nangokukhula ngokwehlukana. I-cuttings encane ikhulile kanye ne-monster ngokwayo ekushiseni kwe-18 ... + 20 ° С, ekukhanyeni okungafani futhi ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwemidwebo. 
Indlela 2. Izithelo zokuzala
Le ndlela isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. Ukufezekisa umphumela omuhle, izinqubo ze-stem noma ze-lateral kufanele zisetshenziswe. Ingxube yomhlabathi yokuhluma i-cuttings ingenziwa ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga isihlabathi kanye nama-humus ngobuningi obulinganayo, kodwa ungakhohlwa mayelana nokugeleza. I-stalk ekhethiwe ifakwa ebhodweni, efafazwe inhlabathi ingxube futhi iphuza kakhulu. Emva kwalokho, udinga ukumboza ibhodlela ngeglasi bese ufaka endaweni ekhanyayo, kodwa hhayi elangeni. Ukunisela ukuthutha kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngosuku. Emva kokuvela kwezimpande zokuqala, lesi sitshalo kufanele sitshalwe endaweni ehlukile bese isakhula, sigcine yonke imithetho. 
Indlela Yokukhiqiza 3. Imbewu
Le ndlela yokuzala iyona ewusizo kakhulu, kodwa futhi iyona ende kunazo zonke. Okokuqala, udinga imbewu emisha edinga ukutshala engxenyeni yezakhi bese ihluma ezindaweni ezimnandi zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30. Ukushisa okukhulu kwembewu yokuhluma okungenani + 20 ° C, futhi ukukhanyisa kufanele kube shading. Ngemva kwenyanga, amahlumela okuqala azoqala ukuvela, kanti izitshalo ezincane ezinamaqabunga angaba ngu-9-10 zingabonakala emva kweminyaka emibili. I-monstera ekhulile ngale ndlela ibhekwa njengamandla kakhulu futhi ehlala njalo.
Indlela yokunakekela i-monster ekhaya
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-Monstera iyisitshalo esingenakuzithoba, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ukunakekelwa (kanye nokukhiqiza) kumele kwenziwe kwenziwa ucabange ngenani lemithetho edingekayo.
Ukunisela izitshalo zasendlini
Ukunisela i-Monstera kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kwayo. Uthanda umswakama, kodwa isitshalo sinenkathi ecacile yokuphuza inhlabathi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, imbali kufanele iphuze kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-substrate phakathi kwamanzi kufanele lume. Uma lesi sitshalo sithelwa, sizoqala ukulahlekelwa umphumela wokuhlobisa, ukwakha izindawo ezimnyama, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, uhlelo lwempande luzobola. Esikhathini sasebusika, ukuchelela kumele kuncishiswe, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungomise lesi silo.
Amanzi okuchelela kumele abe sebusika lokushisa bese emela izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Futhi i-monster kufanele ifakwe futhi ifakwe njalo ngothuli.
Uyazi? I-Monstera isabela esimweni sezulu esishintshayo. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga amaconsi asitshalayo asetshenziswa kancane kancane, yingakho abalimi abaningi bethi imbali ikhala emvuleni.
Ukondla i-monstera
Zonke izitshalo zasekhaya zidinga ukondliwa. Uma i-monstera ingakhuli, khona-ke ayinakho izakhi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kunganciphisi ukukhula kwezitshalo ezindala, kudingeka badliwe kabili ngenyanga. Njengomanyolo ofanelekayo amaminerali kanye neziqu eziphilayo, nakuba izimbali ezincane azikwazi ukudla.
Izici ze-Monstera Ukunciphisa
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwamagatsha amasha kuyadingeka ukunciphisa iphuzu. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti uma ukusika, okungenani amafindo amathathu kufanele ashiywe phezulu kwesibambo. Uma isikhathi eside sesinqunyiwe, kuyodingeka sithande ngokwengeziwe. Ukunqunywa kufanele kwenziwe, ukusuka ku-node yembali 1-2 cm, futhi kufanele kuqondwe. Ngemuva kokudubula, isiqu kufanele sibe yimpuphu nge-powder powder, futhi uma isiqu sidinga ukugxotshwa, ukusika okuphansi kuyenziwe i-oblique.
Konke mayelana nokufakelwa kwe-monstera
I-monster ingafakwa kabusha ngokushesha nje lapho iphendulela unyaka owodwa ubudala. Izimbali ezincane zithuthela kwenye indawo kanye ngonyaka: entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingekho ngaphansi kuka-16 ° С. I-monster eneminyaka emithathu kufanele ihlwanyelwe kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, kanti unyaka onhlanu-unye njalo eminyakeni emine.
Ukuze ufake kabusha, kufanele ukhethe izimbiza ezinkulu. Ngokufakelwa kwesinye, ubukhulu bebhodini bukhuphuke ngo-2-4 cm. Ngaphansi kwetangi kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlele umsele ovela kubadobi, amatshe amatshe, amathayili aphukile noma isanti eliqhekekile. Imbali encane idinga inhlabathi encane engacacile noma engathathi hlangothi, ehlanganisa i-peat, amaqabunga, umhlabathi we-humus, i-turf nesihlabathi. Ukuze izitshalo ze-Monstera ezingapheli, inhlabathi esebenzayo isebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhaswa kufanele kufakwe phakathi kwendawo, okusiza isitshalo sigcine izimo ezidingekayo zokuthuthukiswa kokubili imbali kanye nezimpande zayo zangaphakathi. Uma u-transplanting, ususe ngokucophelela imbali ebhodweni bese uyithuthela esitsheni esisha, ugcwalise kancane kancane ngomhlabathi. Emva kwalokho, gcwalisa ibhodlela phezulu phezulu nomhlaba kahle amanzi. 
Abanye abathandi bezimbali banombuzo: "Ungayifaka kanjani i-monster ngezimpande zangaphakathi?". Ngokufakelwa okunjalo, kufanele uqhubekele ngokucophelela izimpande zomoya ngewele elimanzi bese ulinamathisela kwisiqu. Lapho beqala ukuvumela izimpande ezincane, yingxenye yesitshalo sesitshalo ngamaqabunga anganqunywa, afakwe esitsheni, ehlanganisa indawo enqunywe umhlaba. Lokhu kuzokhula intsha entsha, imbali encane.
Kubalulekile! Uma ngesizathu esithile akunakwenzeka ukutshala isilwane, udinga nje ukugcwalisa ibhodlela emhlabathini.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo zezimila
Uma ungenandaba nesitshalo, i-monstera izoqala ukulahlekelwa yisifo socansi kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene noma izinambuzane zingase zivele. Okuvamile kunazo zonke izibungu zesicabucabu kanye nesiko. Isibungu se-spider - Lesi sifungulu esincane esibomvu esithanda ukufudumala nesomiso. Kubonakala ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga futhi liboshwe phezu kwewebhu. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, sebenzisa isisombululo seseva, ephathwa ngamahlamvu. Emva kwamahora amathathu emva kwenqubo, amaqabunga ahlanzwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Shchitovka noma uvikele i-aphid - inambuzane, eyathola igama layo ngenxa yesihlangu, esasihlanganisa umzimba wayo wonke. Abantu abadala bombala obomvu esitshalweni abahambisani, kodwa izibungu zivulekile futhi zikhuphuka kuwo wonke umzimba. Banda ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi ukulahla le nkathazo imbali kufanele ifakwe ngamanzi asozini, isuse izibungu nabantu abadala nge-swab yekotini. Yenza le nqubo kuze kube yilapho ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwama-parasites.
Ukuntuleka kokukhanya ekuthuthukiseni i-Monstera kungaholela ekwehleni nasekusizeni amaqabunga, ephikisayo. Amanzi asezindaweni zamanzi enza ukuba i-yellowing ne-rotting yamapuleti amaqabunga, futhi lapho kuntuleka kwamanzi, amaqabunga aphendukile futhi asomile. Ukwehluleka kokudla kwezitshalo kunomthelela ekwenzeni ama-slits kumaqabunga.
Ingabe i-monstera enobuthi
Lesi sitshalo siqukethe ijusi elinobuthi. Uma ifika esikhumbeni, ibangela ukuvuvukala nokushisa, futhi uma ingenwa, ukuphuma kwamathumbu kubeletha njalo nokuvuvukala okukhulu komlomo we-mucosa. Naphezu kwalokhu ukusabela komzimba womuntu, kwamanye amazwe, i-monstera juice isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithile futhi ngosizo lwabo bayeseka ukuzivikelwa kwabantu abagulayo.
Ukunakekela isitshalo akulula njengokungathi kubonakala ekuqaleni. Kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho bese ucabangela ukukhula kwayo, ngoba kungakhula amamitha amaningana ububanzi. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuyibeka ekamelweni elihle noma ensimini yasebusika.
