Ama-apula yizithelo ezinhle kakhulu nezithandekayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhula yonke indawo, ngoba izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zenza kube lula ukukhetha izithombo endaweni ngayinye.
I-Urals, naphezu kokude nesimo sezulu esibucayi, iyatholakala ekukhuleni eziningi zazo, nakuba kudingekile ukuba ukhethe ngokucophelela, ucabangela izici zobunjiniyela bezolimo nokumelene nezinto ezimbi.
Okufanelekile kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula zokuzaliswa kwe-Ural, zivumelane ngqo nale ndawo yezulu, nakuba phakathi kwabanye ungakhetha futhi izinhlobo ezinhle zokuvunwa.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene
Ingqikithi kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi emhlabeni wonke, ezakhiwe eminyakeni ehlukene, kodwa kuphela ezingaphansi kwezingu-100 zazo ezifanele esifundeni sase-Ural.
Lapho ukhetha ukucabangela phakathi kwezinye izici kanye nendawo yesayithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlobonhlobo, zihluka ngokuya kokuqala kwe-fruiting:
- i-skullfruit - qala ukunikeza isivuno iminyaka emine yokuphila;
- ubukhulu obuphakathi - qala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engama-7 emva kokutshala;
- izithelo sekwephuzile - Ukulimala kungalindelwa ngonyaka ka-10.
Isithombe
Okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okufanelekile kwi-Urals yizinhlobonhlobo ezidalwe abakhiqizi baseSverdlovsk, kanye nabanye abaningana basekhaya nabangaphandle.
[nggallery id = 37]
Zonke zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu ezinhlobonhlobo: ehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthi uma ukhetha ukunamathela kule nxenye - 20% izithombo zasehlobo, i-20% ekwindla kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-60% zasebusika.
Ngalolo hlobo, isivuno siyoba ngcono ngisho nasezimo ezibucayi futhi kuyokwazi ukuhlinzeka ama-apula emndenini isikhathi eside.
IsiPheresiya
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingokwezigaba zasebusika, izithelo zazo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi zingadliwa nje ebusika, lapho amavithamini ayadingeka kakhulu.
Izihlahla ezihlukahlukene IsiPheresiya ukuphakama isilinganiso, ukubekezelela kahle -40 degree Celsius futhi unike isivuno esikhulu. Lezi apula kunalokho zikhulu futhi zinomuncu-omnandi, ezimnandi kakhulu, zithanda izingane.
Abathandi be-apula abazothola izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, zingagcinwa kuze kufike ngo-Mashi nangaphezulu, uma uhambisana nezimo zokugcina.
Abasimili abakhetha lokhu kuhlukahluka kumele baqaphele ukuthi isimo sezulu esilula isikhathi eside singaholela esibhedlela futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi.
Ngokuvamile kolchatki, ngezinye izikhathi amagatsha omnyaka odlule, athela izithelo, ngakho-ke, ukwakheka komqhele kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela.
Inselo yesiliva
Izintambo Inselo yesiliva ube nezici eziningana zangaphandle, ngakho-ke ukwazi incazelo yama-apula kanye nezinhlobo zazo ezidinga kakhulu ku-Urals, kunzima ukudidanisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene nabanye.
Umqhele wemithi ufana nebhola, futhi izihlahla ngokwazo ziphakathi kokuphakama okuphakathi, zinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-fuzz kanye namafihlethi ahlangene.
Uma Inselo yesiliva ukutshala enhlabathini enomanyolo, ama-apula ayoba aphakathi, anesisindo esingaba ngu-100 g, futhi emhlabathini owumile ama-apula abe amancane.
Umqhele womuthi uqukethe amagatsha abushelelezi, atholakale eseceleni kwama degree angu-90. Ukubonakala kwesithelo kungase kube emagatsheni amakhulu ahlukene, kolchatkah noma ukukhula.
Ama-apula avame ukuzungeza ngesimo, enobuso obushelelekile obumbozwe ngokugqamile. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, futhi isivuno singavuna phakathi no-Agasti, kodwa akufanelekile ukugcina isikhathi eside.
I-velvet yase-Altai
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zingokwesigaba sokwekwindla, sagxila ekukhuleni e-Research Institute of Horticulture yaseSiberia, futhi sishicilelwe kusukela ngo-1978. Imithi ayikude kakhulu, kunalokho, yokuphakama okuphakathi, inomqhele osondelene ne-oval.
Izithelo I-velvet yase-Altai isayizi encane nesisindo, kuphela 40-50 g, kodwa inyama yabo inomsoco kakhulu futhi inomusa omuhle ngokumunuka okungabonakali. Izithelo ziphuzi ekuqaleni, bese umbala uthatha indawo ebomvu ngokubomvu, nge-bloom bluish.
Ungawaqoqa eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Agasti, futhi impilo yabo yesheluli ifika ezinyangeni ezingu-2. Kubalulekile ukungaphuthelwa ukuqala kweqoqo, ngoba izithelo ziyancipha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile ukuzalanisa kuzo zonke izindawo ze-Urals, njengoba inamandla kakhulu ekunqandeni isikhumba kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Inqwaba ye-Ural
Hlunga Inqwaba ye-Ural esakazeke kuwo wonke ama-Urals, kungokwekwindla. Inqwaba ye-Ural abalimi abawaziwayo kusukela ngo-1959 futhi i-skoroplodnym, ngoba isivuno singalindelwa cishe eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala.
Izinhlobonhlobo zizojabulisa labo abathanda ukuzama futhi bahlanganyele ekukhethweni, ngoba kusuka kuwo ungakha ama-hybrids amelana ne-frost.
Isihlahla sinomfutho ohlangene, umqhele wayo ojikelezayo unomdlandla, futhi i-fruiting iyenzeka ngokunyuka komnyaka odlule, imibhede yezithelo ngisho namahlumela.
Izithelo Inqwaba ye-Ural awunayo isisindo esikhulu, futhi afanele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucubungula. Ukuvuna akugcinwa isikhathi eside, cishe izinsuku ezingu-50-60.
Welsey nabanye
Welsey - Ukudalwa kokukhethwa kweMelika, ekhathazweni yezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, kunesinye sezikhundla ezihamba phambili, ngenxa yokumelana nokungafani komonakalo wesikhumba.
Kubonakala Welsey Emuva ngo-1860, kusengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ze-apple zokukhiqiza ijusi.
Imithi ikhula ngokuphakama okuphakathi, kodwa indawo yamagatsha e-angle ejulile kuya esiqwini ngokuvamile iholela ekuqedeni kwabo ekugqibeleni kwesithelo.
Esinye isici izinhlobo ukuthi ngisho nokuphuza nokuvuna izinsuku eziningana kuholela ekwehleni kwezithelo, futhi lokhu kuthinta isimo sabo ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-apula asevuthwe ekuqaleni, kanti imithi ayinqamuki, okuyinto ebalulekile uma umoya unamanzi.
Kanye nalabo ababalwe ku-Urals, ukukhula nezinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla ze-apula, isibonelo, Indlu yezweokuyinto hhayi kuphela ukumelana scab, kodwa futhi skoroplodny nobusika-eqinile. Izithelo zawo ziphuzi ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezihlwabusayo kakhulu, ezinomusa obuhlungu, nesisindo sifinyelela ku-100 g.
Kunezinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo - I-Paping noma UCarolokuyinto futhi ebusika hardy.
Funda ngokunakekela ekhaya nge-geraniums.
I-Apple tree colonic - izithombe okufanele zibonwe.
Ukwaziswa okuwusizo kulabo abakhathalela ukungena kwamanzi isisekelo sendlu yakho.
Funda ngokunakekela ekhaya nge-geraniums.I-dwarf ne-columnar
Izihlahla ze-apple ezincane zihlukile kwabanye ngokuthi ukukhula kwabo kunomkhawulo ku-2, okungekho emamitha amathathu. Ngokuyinhloko lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibusika-ziqinile futhi zithela kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokukhula, izithelo zazo zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinomsoco, kanti i-fruiting kungenzeka kakade eminyakeni emibili emva kokugoma. Inhlabathi yezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo kufanele ifakwe kahle futhi ifakwe okunomsoco.
Ukukhula kwezihlahla zama-apula ezikhula kancane kunikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo kumlimi:
- ukulimala ekuqaleni;
- izithelo eziphakeme futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - ukunambitheka okukhulu;
- ukukhululeka kokunakekelwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuzivikela;
- ikhono lokukhula ngisho nalapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze kakhulu;
Abalimi abaningi badidanisa izinhlobo ze-stantium nezihlahla ezikhuliswe ngezimpande ezincane, kepha lokhu akuyona into efanayo.
Imithi enjalo ingakwazi ukudlula kalula ngaphansi kweqhwa ngaphandle kokwesaba iqhwa. Ku-stantsevym kufaka izinhlobo ezizalwe nguMzalisi Mazunin: Wonderful, Kwafika, I-autumn Stantose, I-Snowdrop kanye nabanye.
Zinezithelo ezinkulu ezihlwabusayo kakhulu, kanti ikakhulukazi ziyihlobo lwehlobo, okwamanje kubusika-buqinile.
Isici esihlukile - wonke ama-stanants adinga izitshalo, ama-garters kanye nezihlahla ezivamile ukuze enze umqhele. Enye yezinhlobo zakuqala zokuvuthwa zezihlahla zama-apula - Melba, unikeza isivuno esihlahleni esisodwa sibe ngu-200 kg wezithelo ezinkulu.
Izihlahla ze-Coloniform ziyaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi indawo yokutshala ihlanganiswe endaweni encane. Ngeshwa, kwi-Urals yilapho izinzuzo zabo ziphela khona.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi eside sabalimi abahamba phambili nababelethi kubonise ukuthi ngisho nezinhlobo ezintsha zakuqala zezihlahla zama-apula azifanelekile ukukhula ema-Urals isikhathi eside.
Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi akukho noyedwa kubo onikezwa ubulukhuni obusika obusika futhi uvame ukuphoqa kuze kube yizimpande.
Izihlahla ze-apula ezinemiqhele zingakhula, ziguqe emhlabathini ngenxa yobusika nesembatho, kodwa lokhu kungenziwa kuphela iminyaka embalwa. Uma izinso ziqhwa futhi ziyakunqunywa, amahlamvu aqala ukukhula, enza umqhele wesihlahla esijwayelekile.
Kuzo izinhlobo ezintsha zingabonakala, mhlawumbe, skoroplodny Sweet Wikic ngezithelo ezinkulu.
Ukumelana nokuqina kweqhwa
Zonke izihlahla ze-apple ze-apulale zibhekwa njengezincane kakhulu, kanye nalabo abangakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi -25 degrees Celsius. Izinhlobo eziningi ezingafani zingatshalwa ku-Urals, nakuba zifunwa kakhulu kwezinye izindawo.
Isibonelo, ibanga Lobo ebelethwe eCanada, kungcono ukukhula ngesimo sokuqala. Izithelo zivuthwe ekwindla futhi zingagcinwa izinyanga ezi-2, zinombala ophuzi nombala obomvu.
Olunye uhlobo olwamukelekayo I-Spartan, libhekwa ukuvuthwa kokuvuthwa kanye nezithelo ezinkulu, isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-200 g. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesikhumba nesifiso esikhulu.
Unezici ezifanayo futhi CelliniLezi zihlahla ze-apula zikhule kahle kulabo abahlala ezindaweni zase-Urals ngobusika obunzima.
Okumelana nomphakathi
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa ziwela kulolu hlobo, kanti nakuba kunzima kakhulu ukuba zikhule kuzo kunezinhlobo ezingenakuphikiswa, zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifuna inhlabathi, ukwakheka komqhele, ngoba badinga ukushisa okuningi. Okuphakathi kokumelana nakho Stroyev ngezithelo ezinkulu nokukhwehlela, Antonovka - enye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu, enezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-12. Isithelo saso sinambitheka okunzima ukudidanisa nanoma yimuphi omunye, futhi isivuno siphezulu kakhulu.
Akuyona nje ubusika kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo zakuqala ze-apula zemithi yezinto ezifuywayo, kodwa nokukhethwa kwamanye amazwe kungokwemvelo. Phakathi kwekhaya kungabonakala njengalawa:
- Ukuphuma kwelanga;
- Bogatyr;
- Sinap Orlovsky;
- Ubuhle beSverdlovsk kanye nabanye
Yebo, nezinhlobo zezinye izizwe, izinhlobo ze-apula ezifana UJonathanokuyinto enqabile ukukhwehlela nesomiso, kodwa ayikwazi njalo ukumelana nomoya we-powdery, izithelo zayo zingagcinwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apple ezithandayo Ubekiwe ekwazi ukumelana nazo zonke izifo, inikeza izithelo eziphakeme njalo nezithelo ezinkulu ezihlwabusayo, ezingagcinwa izinyanga ezi-7.
Iyakwazi ukukhuthazelela ukushisa okukhulu
Mhlawumbe isigaba esivamile kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo ezikhulile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ze-Urals yiyona ebusika-eqinile. Bangakwazi ukumelana namadonsi asezingeni elide lokushisa ama-degree angu-40.
Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ezingenqamuki kakhulu SverdlovskIzithelo zawo ziphuzi, zivuthwe ngoSeptemba futhi zingagcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwebusika.
Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kwekwindla kungenziwa okuvelele okuphezulu Isipho sekwindlaebonakala ngokumelene nokukhwabanisa.
Noma yiliphi ikhathalogu lezinhlobo zama-apula lihlanganisa nehlobo zasehlobo zasebusika-eziqinile: Ihlobo lemifino, Inselo yesiliva, I-Uralochka - isivuno sabo singasuswa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, nakuba sigcinwa amasonto ambalwa kuphela. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile kakhulu ukulima endaweni ye-Urals Northern.
Ukubukwa kwehlobo
Ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu se-Ural, "ihlobo" lingabizwa ngokuthi lezo zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula, izithelo zazo, nakuba zivuthwe esihlahleni, zinomphelo olinganiselwe wokuphila. Kuhle ukuba ujabulele ama-apula wokuqala, uthole ingxenye ehlobo yamavithamini.
Iningi lazo alilona elikhulu kakhulu, kodwa elihlwabusayo, isibonelo, Uktus iphunga elimnandi unomusa omuhle ngokumuncu, kodwa I-Papyolanta hhayi nje kuphela lunikeza izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ezihlwabusayo, kodwa libuye libe nesembozo esingenagqabha, esibalulekile kulabo abagulayo.
Ubukeka njengezinhlobonhlobo Indlu yezwe, ethandwa kakhulu esifundeni sase-Ural, njengoba kubusika-obuqinile futhi obuphakathi. Izithelo zawo zilungele ukudla phakathi no-Agasti, nazo zingabonakali futhi zithande kakhulu.
