Imapulazi ithwala umonakalo omkhulu ekufeni okuphazima kwenyoni. Kunezifo eziningi eziyingozi ezingasongela impilo yabantu bonke izinkukhu, kepha ukukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezingathandeki futhi eziyingozi kakhulu.
Lesi yisifo esikhulu senkukhu esithathelwanayo esivame ukuthinta izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezikhiqizayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu. Kwakuyizinyanga lapho izinkomo zezinkukhu ezibekwa amaqanda zengozi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukukhubazeka kwamaselula.
Lesi sifo sihambisana nokubunjwa kwenqwaba yamathumba e-lymphoid kuwo wonke umzimba wenyoni.
Kulokhu, ngenxa yokucindezelwa, izicubu zivimbela ukuphela kwezinzwa, okuholela ekunyameni okuqinile ezinkukhu noma ekupheleleni ukukhubazeka kwamalungu ayo.
Yini izinkukhu ezikhubazekile?
Lesi sifo sibonakale maduzane.
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwezinkukhu ezibonakaliswe izimpawu zabekwe ngo-1907. Kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho usosayensi J. Marek akwazi ukuchaza ngokugcwele ukukhubazeka kweselula kwezinkukhu.
Lesi sifo siletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho epulazini lezinkukhu kwanoma yisiphi isayizi. Zibangelwa ukungcola kwezinyoni.
Lokhu kunciphisa umkhiqizo wabo, futhi izindleko zemisebenzi yezilwane nemithi zanda kakhulu.
Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ungqimba olugulayo lwezinhlobo ezikhiqiza amaqanda okhiqiza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubeka luhambisa amaqanda angu-16-10 ngaphansi. Ngokwesilinganiso, inyoni egulayo inamaqanda angu-50 kuphela okuzobhujiswa kuze kube sekufeni kwayo, okungajwayelekile ukuthi lesi sibalo senyukela ku-110.
Ukukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka emnothweni ofanayo, kungathinta kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-85% yazo zonke izinkukhu. Isibikezelo sesigamu semfuyo kunesimo sokungathemba - cishe amaphesenti angama-46% azofa. Lokhu kuzobangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nemali engenayo epulazini lezinkukhu.
Ama-Pathogens
I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo yi-virus ye-DNA engowokuzalwa komndeni wakwaGammaherpesviridae, umndeni ka-Herpesviridae.
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa i-herpesvirus arachnids nama-squirrel. Mhlawumbe kwakuvela kulezi zilwane ukuthi igciwane "lafuduka" ezinkukhu.
Igciwane elibhekene nokubonakaliswa kokukhubazeka kwamaselula, ikakhulukazi ifomu elihlobene neseli, lizinzile kunoma iyiphi imvelo yangaphandle. Yingakho engalahlekelwa yilezi zinkukhu ezinkukhu ezigulayo, phezulu kwamaqanda, ngisho nase-epithelium yama-follicles wezinpaphe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-200-300 ezizayo.
Egazini lezinkukhu, i-antigen yalesi sifo ithola izinsuku ezintathu emva kokutheleleka.ehlathini ngemva kwesonto, ezinso nasibindi ngemva kwamasonto amabili, esikhumbeni, emanzini, enhliziyweni emva kwamasonto amathathu, ebuchosheni ngemva kwenyanga, emisipha emva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Igciwane lokukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana ngokushesha lixazulula ama-T-lymphocytes, okwenza ukukhula kwama-lymphomas kuwo wonke umzimba wezinkukhu.
Izimpawu kanye nenkambo
Izimpawu zokukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana ezinkukhu zixhomeke kuhlobo luni lwesifo esiqhubeka emzimbeni wabo.
Izilwane zezilwane zihlukanisa uhlobo lobuciko nolunzima lwesifo. Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwefomu lezinhlobo zezinkukhu isimiso sezindiza nesisemkhatsini sezinzwa siqala ukuhlupheka.
Kungenzeka kube nezimpawu eziningi ezahlukene. Izinkukhu ziba nezinyonga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izitho zikhubazekile ngokuphelele.. Umsila cishe awuhambisani, ukunyakaza kwendawo entanyeni kuyaqina.
Futhi, lesi sifo esimweni sobuciko singathathwa ngumfundi wezilwane ezincane. Iris iqala ukuguga. Ngokuqondene nokufa ngale ndlela yesifo, kuvela ku-3 ukuya kuma-7%, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungafinyelela ezingaphezu kuka-30%.
Izinkukhu ezikhulayo ezinkukhu zingabonakala ezineminyaka eyi-3 kuya kwezi-5 ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphawulwa ukuthi izinyoni ezibhekene nezinkinga zombono ziyafa kaningi, kodwa ukukhiqiza kwazo kunciphise kakhulu.
Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi yalesi sifo kubonakala ngokubunjwa kwenani elikhulu lamathumba e-lymphoid. Ngokuvamile kubonakala ezinkukhu ezineminyaka engu-4-12 ubudala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala nakwezinye izinyoni ezindala.
Izicubu zithinta cishe zonke izitho nezicubu. Ubude benkathi yokufakelwa kwile fomu livela ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-2-5.
Ulimi oluncane aluyona inyoni ethandwa kakhulu. Unombukiso obuhle kakhulu.Kuleli khasi //selo.guru/ptitsa/kury/porody/sportivno-dekorativnye/azil.html ungafunda konke nge-Azil.
Izimpawu zomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa azivamile ukulotshwa ezinkukhu ezigulayo, kodwa ezinkomeni ezinyangeni eyodwa kukhona ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kodwa okufushane kwezimpawu ngendlela yokukhubazeka kanye ne-paresis.
Izinkukhu eziningi zigula ngesifo ngesonto, bese kungabikho izimpawu zokulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwenyanga noma ezimbili, imfucuza yezinyoni iyanda kakhulu, futhi itholakala ukuthi inamakhemikhali amaningi okwakhiwa.
Ukuhlonza
Ukukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana kutholakala njalo idatha epizootic, imiphumela etholakala ngesikhathi sokuzimela kwezinyoni eziwile, kanye nezifundo ze-hertological zezitho zangaphakathi ezithintekayo nezinhlelo zabo.
Futhi, ukucacisa isifo esisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izifundo ze-retrospective. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-laboratory, igciwane lokukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana lingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezinkukhu zezinkukhu ngosizo lwe-fibroblasts yemibungu yezinkukhu.
Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa kungaba yenza i-bioassay ngezinkukhu ezindala zansuku zonke. Imiphumela yayo ihlolwe ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-14.
Lokhu kunquma ukutholakala kwe-antigen eqondene negciwane kumapullicle we-feather, futhi kuhlolisisa zonke izinguquko ze-hertological ezingaphakathi zangaphakathi.
Ukwelapha
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zemishanguzo engasiza ukulwa nalesi sifo:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezinqunyelwe izifo ezinonya zehlobo lokuqala lwegciwane elibangela ukukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana ezinyoni. Zitholakala ngokushicilela nge-serial cell.
- Imithi ye-apathogenic yemvelo yenhlobo yesibili yesifo sokukhubazeka kweseli.
- Umuthi ovela emanzini omuthi we-herpesvirus we-subpepe wesithathu.
Imishanguzo engenhla isebenza kahle futhi iphephile ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinkukhu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ucwaningo olunzulu lwepulazi lonke lezinkukhu, ukuhlaziya isimo se-epizootic kuso. Ezimweni ezinzima zokutheleleka okuphelele kwezinkukhu, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kunenziwa.
Ukuvimbela
Zonke izigomo ezingenhla zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kweseli.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo epulazini lezinkukhu umuntu akufanele akhohlwe mayelana nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinyathelo zokuhleleka, zokuhlanzeka kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Amaqanda okukhukhumeza izinkukhu adinga ukuthengwa kuphela kulawo mapulazi asezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezingakaze zibhekane nalesi sifo, ngenxa ye-virulence ephezulu yegciwane, ingadluliselwa kalula ezilwaneni ezincane.
Uma izinkukhu zigula, kufanele zihlukaniswe nabantu abaphilile ukuze kugweme ukutheleleka okukhulu.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzalwe izinhlobo zezinkukhu eziphikisana nalesi sifo.. Manje ibambe iqhaza ngokugcwele kubalimi. Kodwa-ke, uma endlini ngo-5-10% wezinkukhu zigula, zonke izinkomo kufanele zihlatshwe. Masinyane emva kwalokhu, ukulungiswa okuphelele kwekamelo kwenziwa.
Intsha esanda kuthengwa kumele imelwe igonywe ngemigomo ephilayo ngokumelene ne-herpesvirus, futhi inyanga ngemva kwalokho umkhuhlane ungasebenzi nge-disinfected ukuze uqede ngokuphelele ukuqhuma okusha kwesifo.
Isiphetho
Ukukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana ezinkukhu kuyisifo esiyingozi segciwane esingabangela ukufa kwezinkukhu epulazini. Ngenxa yalokhu, abalimi kufanele bazinake izinkukhu zabo, ikakhulukazi abancane. Ukugonywa ngesikhathi esifanele nokuhambisana nazo zonke izindinganiso zangasese - isiqinisekiso sempilo yazo yonke imfuyo.
