Izinkukhu, njengezinye izinkukhu, zivame ukuhlushwa izifo zokuphefumula.
Zihanjiswa kalula phakathi kwezinyoni ezigulayo nezinempilo, ngakho-ke abalimi kudingeka balalelisise impilo yemfuyo yabo.
Isizathu esivame kakhulu sebandayo evamile kanye nokukhwehlela ezinkukhu yi-mycoplasmosis.
I-Mycoplasmosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhu ngesimo esinzima nesiguli sezilonda zonke izitho zokuphefumula.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka phakathi kwezinkukhu ngokweqile, ngamanzi noma emoyeni.
Futhi, lesi sifo singase senze ngokushesha ngenxa yokupholisa okubukhali, ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokuthuthwa kwezinyoni.
Iyini i-mycoplasmosis ezinkukhu?
I-Mycoplasmosis ikhula ngokushesha ezinkukhu ezigonywe ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngoba lesi sifo ngokuvamile siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngamanye amagciwane kanye nezidumbu.
Mayelana nezinkukhu ze-mycoplasmosis zaziwa kamuva.
Kuphela manje izilwane zezilwane zazikwazi ukubona imbangela yangempela yalesi sifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumula.
Ibonakala ngokutheleleka okuphezulu, okuthinta ngokushesha inhlalakahle yezinyoni ezinempilo.
Zithathelwana kalula kubantu abagulayo, bese zithumela izinambuzane ezinyoni ezilandelayo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-mycoplasma epulazini elilodwa kungabangela izindleko ezengeziwe zomlimi.
Yiqiniso, le nyoni ngeke ikwazi ukufa masinyane, kodwa, yokwelapha i-mycoplasmosis, imali yonke iyodingeka kuzo zonke izinkukhu.
Akuzona izinkukhu kuphela ezingathola i-mycoplasmosis, kodwa futhi nama-goose, ama-turkeys namadada. Kulokhu, lesi sifo sithunyelwa kalula kusuka emahansi kuya emadada, kusukela ezinkukhu kuya ezintanjeni, njll.
Yingakho abantu abathintekayo kufanele basheshe bahlukaniswe endaweni ehlukile lapho ukwelashwa kwabo okulandelayo kuzokwenzeka khona.
I-agent ye-Causative
I-agent causative ye-mycoplasmosis I-Mycoplasma gallisepticum ne-Mycoplasma synoviae. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zingena kalula ezinqenqemeni ezinkukhu zenkukhu.
Kulula kakhulu ukutheleleka izitho zokuphefumula, izakhi zokubeletha, kanye nezitho zangasese ezingenakuzivikela, okwenza ukuba inyoni ichitheke futhi iyancipha ekukhiqizeni kwayo.
I-Mycoplasmas yimizimba emincane ye-polymorphic ephindaphinda ngokushesha emibungu yezinkukhu.
Izifundo nezimpawu
Ukuqubuka kwe-mycoplasmosis kubangelwa ukuxhumana ngqo kwezinyoni ezibuthakathaka nabantu abanegciwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singasakazeka ngamaconsi amancane noma nge-fluff.
Kuphelele kukhona izigaba ezine zokusakazeka kwalesi sifo phakathi kwezinkukhu. Isigaba sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi sivulekile.. Ihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-21. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kunzima ukubona ukuthi izinkukhu zigula nganoma yisiphi isifo.
Isigaba sesibili siqala ekupheleni kokuqala. Kubonakala ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zokuqala zokuphefumula kwe-mycoplasmosis ezinyoni ezingu-5-10%. Phakathi nesigaba sesithathu, izilwane ezincane zikhiqiza izikhuhlane ze-antibodies, kanti okwesine kuyahluka ngoba zonke izinkukhu ziba yizinsimbi ezihamba phambili ze-mycoplasmosis.
Uma isibalo samanani esitokisini esincane sizokhula, isivinini se-mycoplasma sizosakazeka. Ngokujwayelekile, lokhu kutheleleka kudluliselwa ngamaqanda: kusukela enkukhu ekhulelwe kuya embryo.
Masinyane emva kokuqedwa kwesikhathi sokutshala, izintambo ezincane ze-tracheal, impumulo nekhwehlela egijima zilotshwe ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokugula isifiso siyanciphisa, ngakho-ke izinyoni ezincane zilahlekelwa ngokushesha. Ngokuqondene nezinkukhu, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda abo kuyawa.
Esizindeni sethu ungathola ulwazi mayelana nohlobo olungavamile lwabapheki njengezinhlanzi ze-Alsatian.Uma unezinkinga nge-astilba ukufakelwa kokutshala ekwindla, lokhu kungasombulula kalula ngokufunda amathiphu ethu lapha.
Ezingxenyeni, ukutheleleka kuvame kakhulu.. Ngokuvamile bangabokuqala ukuqala ukuhlupheka ngenxa yekhala nekhwehlela, ngakho-ke, njenge-rooster, umuntu angakwazi ukwahlulela ngesimo semfuyo yonke yenyoni.
Ukuhlonza
Ngaphambi kokunquma ukuxilongwa, Izilwane zezilwane kumele zihlukanise futhi zithole i-mycoplasma.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile kwe-exudates kwenziwa ngendlela ye-smears-iguqula isidlo sePetri, esandulela i-agar.
Khona-ke, ama-antibodies asetshenziselwa ukufakazela ukuba khona kwe-mycoplasmas. Ama-antigens ahlolwe nge-serum ekhethekile, esetshenziswa ukuphatha i-mycoplasmosis.
Ngokuvamile, indlela yesimanje kakhulu, ukuphendula kwe-polymerase chain, isetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokushesha ukuxilongwa okufanelekile futhi ukhethe ukwelashwa kwemfuyo.
Ukwelapha ukuphefumula
Ama-Mycoplasmas ayengozini yokulwa namagciwane streptomycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, spiramycin, thiomycin, erythromycin ne-lincomycin.
Zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha kahle izinyoni ezigulayo.
Njengomthetho, ngoba lezi zinhloso zisetshenziswa i-oxytetracycline noma i-chlortetracycline esilinganisweni sama-200 g we-antibiotic ngamathani angu-1 kokudla ngezinsuku ezingu-5.
I-typosin yama-antibiotic ingalawulwa umjovo kumthamo we-3-5 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo sezinyoni. I-Tiposin ivumela ukubuyisela ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kwiziguli ezibeka izinkukhu. I-Tiamulin isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izilwane ezincane.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuze kuvikelwe ngokuphumelelayo kwe-mycoplasmosis, kufanele kuqaphele ngokukhethekile izinyoni ezintsha ezingena epulazini.
Isikhathi sokuqala esinjalo Izinkukhu zidinga ukuhlukaniswa, ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi banesifo noma cha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukuqapha i-microclimate endlini.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa lokunethezeka kwemoya nomswakama, njengoba lezi zici zingakhuphula noma zinciphise ukumelana kwemvelo kwenyoni.
Ukukhipha ngokuphelele ukuhamba okufihliwe kwe-mycoplasmas ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwe-embryoowafa ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
Uma amaqanda athengwa epulazini ehlukile, kufanele ahlaselwe yedwa, kuze kube yilapho intsha ingaguli.
Izindlela zokulawula eziyinhloko ku-mycoplasmosis yizi:
- Ukuhlatshwa nokulahlwa kwezinyoni ezigulayo.
- Inyoni ephilile emitholampilo ikhulupha futhi iphinde ithunyelwe ukuhlatshwa maduzane.
- Umhlambi ugcinwe ngosizo lokuthenga amasheya amancane namaqanda emapulazini aphumelelayo.
- I-litter ishiswa noma igcinwe ukwelashwa kwegazi.
- Ukukhipha ukukhishwa kwesikhumba epulazini yenkinga kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-5, besebenzisa isisombululo se-2% sodium hydroxide noma isisombululo se-formalin esingu-2%.
Isiphetho
I-Mycoplasmosis iyakwazi ukusakazeka ngokushesha phakathi kwezinkukhu.
Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukunciphisa okukhulu ekukhiqizeni kwezinkukhu, ngakho-ke, zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ephathekayo njengoba zisiza ukugcina imali yepulazi ezingeni elifanayo, futhi ibuye isindise inyoni ekubulaweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
