Iyini i-bronchitis esithathelwanayo ezinkukhu nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani?

Izinkukhu zigcinwa futhi zikhuliswe kokubili ekhaya nasemapulazini, ukuthandwa kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi kubangelwa ukuthi kunenzuzo kakhulu futhi kunenzuzo, kukuvumela ukuba uthole inyama enhle nekhwalithi ephakeme, amaqanda okusetshenziswa komuntu siqu kanye nokudilizwa kwezinto ezigcwele emakethe, ezitolo .

Njengoba bezibandakanya nezinkukhu zokulima, abalimi babhekana neqiniso lokuthi izinyoni zithathelwana nezifo ezihlukahlukene, eziyingozi kakhulu izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezibeka isongo hhayi kuphela ezinyoni ezihlasela lesi sifo, kodwa nabantu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu ezisemqoka, amaqembu engozi, ama-vectors, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinjenge-chicken bronchitis.

Ziyini izinkukhu ezithathelwanayo ze-bronchitis?

I-bronchitis esithathelwanayo (IB, i-bronchitis ephathekayo, i-Bronchitis infectiosa avium) isifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo esithinta izifo zokuphefumula kubantu abasha, izitho zokuzala ezinyoni ezindala, futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu nezinkukhu zakudala.

Isizinda semlando

I-bronchitis esithathelwanayo, isifo sokuphefumula, saqala kuqala futhi sichazwa USchalk noHaun ngo-1930 e-USA (North Dakota), kodwa abazange basungula imbangela yesifo sezinyoni yi-virus kanye ne-agent causative.

Izifundo zikaBucnell noBrandi, ezenziwa ngo-1932, ziye zaqinisekisa ukuthi i-agent causative iyigciwane elihlunga.

Lesi sifo sisakaze kakhulu emafolini ezifundazwe ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ngo-1950 i-bronchitis igxile emazweni ngezinkukhu ezinokuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu: Italy, Austria, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Argentina, Brazil, Greece, India, Sweden, Poland, Netherlands, Egypt, Spain, Romania, France , ESwitzerland.

Ukutheleleka kwalethwa e-USSR ngezinkukhu ezingenisiwe., ukuzala izinkukhu kanye nama-turkeys, amaqanda. Enyunyana, uSotnikov wathola lesi sifo ngo-1955, owabona inzalo ishicilelwe emaqanda angenisiwe. Ukubhaliswa kokuqala kokutheleleka emapulazini asezimboni kwenzeka ngo-1968.

Izinkukhu zase-Orpington ziyizinduna enyama eRussia. Ukubukeka kwabo kuzikhulumela.

Noma yikuphi umlimi wezinkukhu akafuni ukuhlangana ne-coccidiosis ezinkukhu. Uma unesithakazelo kule sifo, ulapha.

Ukwahlukana okwenkolo phakathi kwezinkinga zegciwane kwakhiwa ngo-1957. Ekuqaleni, kuphela izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezazivelele.

Owokuqala wawungumhlobo waseMassachusetts, umbukiso owawuwu-bronchitis osulelayo, owawunikwa uRoekel ngo-1941. Ezincwadini, lolu hlobo luboniswa ngaphansi kwegama Bv-41, M-41. Uhlobo lwesibili lwegciwane i-Connecticut, olutholwe yiJunger ngo-1950.

Ngubani othinteka kakhulu?

Abantu abaneminyaka yonke ubudala bangabanjwa yi-bronchitis esithathelwanayo, kodwa izinkukhu ezingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-20-30 zihlupheka kakhulu.

Umthombo oyinhloko wesifo yizinkukhu ezigulayo nezinyoni eziye zahlushwa lesi sifo, bayithwali yegciwane izinsuku ezingaba ngu-100.

I-brronchitis virus igxiliwe ezilwaneni ezinama-droppings, amathe, oketshezi ovela emehlweni nasempeni, kanye ne-rooster imbewu.

Igciwane lithengiswa nge-transovarially futhi ngokweqile, lisakazeka ezindlini zezinkukhu, amanzi, ukudla, izitsha zokudla, abaphuza, izinto zokunakekelwa, izingubo zabalimi, ama-perches.

Abantu nabo bangenwa yi-virus ye-bronchitis futhi bayathwala lesi sifo.

Ukuqubuka kwama-bronchitis ezinkukhu kuvame ukubhekwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngokuvamile, i-bronchitis esithathelwanayo ivela nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nezifo.

Izinkukhu eziye zabhekana negciwane lama-bronchitis ziba nomzimba, kepha akukho ukuvumelana ngokuphathelene nobude bayo. Le nyoni ithola ukumelana nokucindezeleka nge-bronchitis. Ama-antibodies akhiwa emzimbeni wezinkukhu ngosuku lweshumi kanti inani labo landa ezinsukwini ezingama-36.

Isigaba sengozi kanye nokulimala okungenzeka

Ukutheleleka kuholela ekufeni kwezinkukhu, izindleko ezinkulu zemali, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu, futhi futhi kuyingozi kubantu.

Ngenzalo, igciwane liyingozi kakhulu, ukufa kwenzeka ema-60% amacala.

Izinkukhu ezigulayo zondlekile kahle, ngoba zonke i-kilogram ye-weight gain, ukusetshenziswa kwondlo kwanda ngo-1 kilogram, ngenxa yalokho izinkukhu ezinjalo zikhonjelwa ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa. Amaqanda okuzala abeka izinkukhu ezigulayo akufanele asetshenziswe futhi abhujiswe.

Ama-Pathogens

I-IBK ibangela i-RNA-equkethe Coronavirus avia (I-Coronavirus).

Ubukhulu be-virion buyi-67-130 nm. I-virion igxila kuwo wonke ama-Berkefeld, Seitz filters, izihlungi ze-membrane, inefomula nxazonke noma isimo se-ellipse, ubuso obunzima, kunikezwe ukukhula (ubude obungama-22 nm) nokuphela okuphelile okwenzela i-fringe.

Izinhlayiya ze-virion zihlelwe ngochungechunge noma iqembu, ngezinye izikhathi i-membrane yabo iyabonakala.

E-Russia, i-virus ene-antigenic ebuseduze neMassachusetts, Connecticut, ne-Iowa ivamile.

Igciwane liphikisana kakhulu nemvelo yemvelo:

• ezindlini zezinkukhu, amalitha, ama-perches, izitsha zokuphuza, abahlinzeki baphila izinsuku ezingaba ngu-90;
• ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezise-glycerin, zihlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-80.

Ngama-16 ° C, emanzini wezinkukhu, igciwane le-IBC liphila kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-12, kwigobolondo leqanda elisendlini - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10, egoboleni lamaqanda e-incubator - kuze kube amahora angu-8. I-IBP igula amahora angu-11 ekamelweni lokushisa kwamakamelo. I-brronchitis virus e-embryonic fluid e-32 ° C ihlala izinsuku ezintathu, ngo-25 ° C - 24, ngo -25 ° C - 536, ngo -4 ° C - 425.

Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, igciwane liyakhululeka, kodwa alikuthinti kabi. Kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokuphambene nalokho libhubhisa ukutheleleka, ngakho-ke lapho livutha ku-56 ° C, libhujiswa ngemizuzu engu-15. Igciwane alikwenziwe ku-cadavers, liphindaphinda emibungu.

Igciwane liyafa emiphumeleni yezixazululo:

• 3% soda eshisayo - amahora amathathu;
• i-chlorine ye-lime equkethe u-6% we-chlorine - amahora angu-6;
• 0.5% formaldehyde - amahora amathathu

Izifundo nezimpawu

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwabasunguli nabadala. Izinkukhu ziphawula:

• ubunzima bokuphefumula;
• ukukhwehlela;
• i-wheezing;
• ukuphefumula;
• sneezing;
• i-conjunctivitis;
• ukuphazamiseka kokudla;
• i-emaciation;
• ukuvuvukala kwezono ngaphansi kwamehlo;
• ukwesaba;
• intamo egobile;
• Amaphiko aphansi.

Izimpawu kubantu abadala:

• ilitha elihlaza;
• iqanda linamaqabunga alula, awonakele kalula;
• amaqanda alala phansi;
• i-wheezing;
• ukwesaba;
• ukuhudula imilenze;
• amaphiko ahlambalaza;
• i-hemorrhages ku-trachea ne-bronchi.

Kuze kufike ku-50% wezinkukhu ezigulayo zingafaka amaqanda ane-lime build-up, ama-25% ngegobolondo elithambile futhi elincanyana, kanti ama-20% ane-diphtheritic mass of amaprotheni.

Ungagcizelela 3 main syndromes emitholampilookwenzeka ku-bronchitis ezithathelwanayo ezinkukhu:

1. Ukuphefumula. Izinkukhu zibhekene nezibonakaliso zayo: ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhishwa komzimba, ukukhishwa kwesisu, i-rhinitis, ukucindezelwa kwezinkukhu, ukuthenga eduze kwemithombo yokushisa, izilonda emaphashini okuvula, i-catarrhal noma i-serous exudate ku-trachea ne-bronchi.
2. I-Nephros-nephritic. Ngokwe-autopsy, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezinso zezinkukhu ezigulayo kubonakala. Kuzinkukhu ezigulayo, ukucindezeleka kanye nesifo sohudo esinokuqukethwe komchamo kuyisici.
3. Ukuzala. Ivela kubantu abadala (ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha). Kubonakala ukungabikho kwezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zesifo noma izitho zokuphefumula zithintwa kancane.

   Ukuphela kwesibonakaliso lapho kunokwenzeka ukuthi kunqunywe khona esiteji salesi sifo somtholampilo ukuthi inkukhu igula kuyinto ephansi yokwehla komkhiqizo wokukhiqiza amaqanda, kufika ku-80%. Amaqanda angakwazi ukukhubazeka, ukuphefumula okuncane, okungajwayelekile, amaprotheni amanzi.

Ukuhlonza

Ukuxilongwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, kubheka zonke izimpawu, idatha (imitholampilo, i-epizootological ne-pathoanatomical).

Ibuye ihlaziye isithombe somtholampilo jikelele, zonke izinguquko ezenzeka emzimbeni wabantu abagulayo, zenziwa izifundo ze-serological kanye nezinkulumo eziphilayo.

Kungcono kunzima ukuxilonga i-IBC, ngoba izimpawu ezifanayo ziyabonakala kwezinye izifo (i-laryngotracheitis, isibungu, i-mycoplasmosis yokuphefumula, isifo esithathelwanayo, isifo se-Newcastle).

Ngenkathi i-reproductive syndrome, noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingekho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqhuba ucwaningo kuma laboratories.

Izinto zokucwaninga:

• iqhuma kusuka e-trachea ne-larynx - ezinkukhu ezibukhoma;
• amaphaphu, ukuchotshozwa kwe-larynx, i-trachea, izinso, ama-oviducts - ezinyoni ezifile;
• i-serum yegazi ethathwa njalo emavikini amabili.

Ezifundweni zesayensi zenziwa:

• ukusabela kwe-neutralization emibungu (PH); Ukuhlolwa okungaqondakali kwe-hemagglutination test (RGA);
• indlela ye-anti-fluorescent antibody;
• i-immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) ene-enzyme;
• ukutadisha izindlela zezakhi ze-molecular nge-PCR.

Ukwelashwa nezinyathelo zokuzivikela

Emapulazini lapho kuqubuka khona igciwane le-IBV, izinyathelo ezinjalo zokwelashwa nezokuvimbela zenziwa:

• izinkukhu zigcinwa emakamelweni afudumele, zijwayele ukushintsha ukushintshanisa umoya, ziqede izikwele ezinkukhu, zigcine izimo zokushisa emakamelo.
• lawula ukutheleleka kwesibili.
• Amavithamini kanye nama-microelements ayengeziwe emanzini futhi athole.
• sebenzisa ukuchithwa kwesifo njalo izakhiwo ngosizo lwalolu lungiso: i-chlorospidar, gluteks, i-vircon C, i-aluminium iodide, isixazululo se-Lugol.

  Ukukhipha imishanguzo kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto phambi kwezinkukhu ezine-hypochlorite ye-sodium (2% i-chlorine esebenzayo). Izindonga nokufakelwa kwezinkukhu, ama-perches, amakheji lapho kugcinwa khona izinkukhu ezigulayo zichithelwa izinambuzane phambi kwezinyoni ezine-hydrogen peroxide (3%).

  Ipulazi lesifunda kufanele lilashwe njalo izinsuku ezingu-7 nge-caustic alkali (isixazululo se-3%) kwisisombululo se-formalin (1%).

• ukugoma kwenkukhu nemigomo ephilayo futhi engasebenzi. Yenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ivuselela isivikelo eside isikhathi eside ngokumelene negciwane.

  Imishanguzo ephindaphindiwe yenziwa njalo emva kwamasonto amane. Uma wenza ukugoma, kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele yonke imithetho kanye nomthamo, ngoba ukusetshenziswa komgogodla ngamanani amakhulu kungabangela isonousitis, imfihlo encane, rhinitis ezinkukhu.

• ayeke ukuthumela amaqanda, imibungu, izinkukhu eziphilayo kwamanye amapulazi, amapulazi.
• Izinyoni ezigulayo zihlukanisiwe ziphilile.
• ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, izinhlanzi, izimpaphe ngezinhloso zokudla kanye nokuthengiswa kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokushiswa kwe-disinfection.
• ayeke ukufakwa ekufakweni ukushayela izinyanga ezimbili.
• Izinkukhu ezilahlekile zibulawa futhi zilahlwe.
• ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwezinkukhu zonyaka wokuqala neyesibili, kanye nezinkukhu nezinkukhu ezindala.

Izinkukhu Bielefelder zinezinhliziyo zezinkukhu eziningi abalimi. Lolu hlobo luhle kakhulu futhi lunenzuzo.

Ungafunda mayelana ne-laryngotracheitis ezinkukhu lapha: //selo.guru/ptitsa/kury/bolezni/k-virusnye/laringotraheit.html.

Futhi lapha uhlale unethuba lokufunda izindawo zokuphulukisa izijovo ze-aloe.

Isifo sezinyoni ezine-bronchitis esithathelwanayo sibangela ukulimala kwezinkukhu nezinkukhu, inyama kanye namaqanda eqanda, okuholela ekunyuseni izinga lokufa kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda-ukubeka, kube yingozi kubantu.

Ukuvimbela nokuqeda ukutheleleka, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphelele zokwelapha nezindlela zokuphilisa, okubaluleke kakhulu ukugoma lesi sizukulwane esincane ukuze sikhulise umkhuhlane futhi sinciphise ingozi yezifo.

Isifo sezinyoni akufanele siqalwe futhi sishiywe ngengozi, ngoba singelapheki ifomu layo eliphambili, siholela ekufeni kwezinyoni futhi kuncishiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwezinkukhu zezinkukhu.