Lesi sitshalo, esizoxoxa ngakho kulesi sihloko, emazweni amaningi ajwayelekile. Zhiryanka kungokwezilwane ezinobungozi zezitshalo futhi kuvikelwe ngumthetho. Ukuvikelwa ngokomthetho kwale mithi kwamukelwe eSlovakia, eHungary, ePoland, eJalimane, e-Ukraine, eLithuania naseLatvia. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana nokuphila kweZhyryanka zasendle, mayelana nezinhlobo zayo namagama, funda amanothi ethu.
I-Zhyryanka evamile (i-Pinguicula vulgaris L.)
I-Zhiryanka evamile iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esingapheli se-genus Zhiryanka, i-Bubyl yomndeni.
Kubalulekile! Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo zomndeni wakwaBubyl, zonke izinhlobo zeZhyryanka zinezimpande zangempela. Noma kunjalo, isimo esibalulekile sokukhula kwe-zhiryanka yizimo zezulu ezimnandi. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo sakha impande ebuthakathaka kakhulu, elula kalula.
Indawo: amaphekula anamanzi namadwala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, emanzini nasemhlabathini omanzi ezindaweni ezizintaba.
Ukusabalalisa: EYurophu, eGreenland, e-Iceland, eScandinavia, e-Alaska.
Izimbali: Juni-Agasti.
Incazelo: lesi sitshalo sinezimpande ezinamafutha (5-15 cm). Ukuphakama utshani ku-5-25 cm. Amaqabunga aphansi (basal, sessile), asezingeni eliphansi, ubude obuyi-2-5 cm, ububanzi buka-1-2 cm. Kulula ukuqaphela amafutha avamile ukuthi atholakale ebanzi, afakwe ngamaphoyinti, aphuzi-aluhlaza, futhi anamathele futhi alula kancane emaceleni okuthinta. Iziqu zimile futhi zide (5-17 cm ubude). I-Calyx inesakhiwo sezinwele. I-inflorescence engashadile. Amapetali anombala obomvu obomvu. Ukuqaphela amaqabunga kwakubonisa izinambuzane ezincane ezincane nezinambuzane ezincane ezazibonakala zihlala phansi kweqabunga. I-zhiryanka evamile kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo zihlakazwa yinzalo.
Kubalulekile! Uma unquma ukuzibandakanya ekutshalweni kweZhyryanka engadini yakho noma ekhaya, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyi-parasite (inambuzane). I-StickyI-Ish Zyryanka - lokhu uhlobo lwesicupho sezinambuzane. Amanzi namaminerali akhethekile aqukethe amaqabunga aheha izinambuzane ezincane. Lapho izinambuzane zibuthana phezu kwenkangala, amaqabunga ahamba kusukela enqenqemeni kuya enkabeni bese adla izinambuzane.
I-Alpine Toast (i-Pinguicula alpina L.)
I-alpine zhiryanka - isitshalo esisodwa, sinesikhathi eside sokuphila.
Incazelo: Ngokungafani noZhyryanka ovamile, i-pedicel yalesi sitshalo imfushane kakhulu. I-Rhizome stem, emnyama; Izimpande ezizenzekelayo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-rosette eyodwa yamaqabunga e-base. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - 5-15 cm. Amaqabunga ahlukile, asezindaweni eziphansi, 4-5 kwelinye ibhuloho, kuze kube ngu-4 cm ububanzi, abe nezinhlayiya ezinamathele emhlabathini. Umbala wamaqabunga uhlukahluka obomvu obomvu nokubomvu obomvu. I-alpine single white suhale flower imhlophe nge-pollen ephuzi.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala: Lesi sitshalo sishisa kakhulu. Ivela emathafeni aseningizimu kanye namadwala endaweni ephakathi kwe-arctic. I-alpine zhiryanka iyinhlobo ye-zhiryanki yaseYurophu naseSiberia, esatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho.
Izimbali: ngokuvamile i-Budget entsha iqala ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Uyazi? Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-alpine zyryanka iyi-parasite encane. Lesi sitshalo sine-chlorophyll futhi sithola izakhi ezisuka ku-photosynthesis.
I-Gypsum Toaster (i-Pinguicula gypsicola)
Incazelo: i-rhizome ilula, ifushane, kodwa kunezimpande eziningi ze-filiform ezithandayo. Amaqabunga amaningi aphansi anesakhiwo se-ciliary nesimo se-oblong-shape or blunt (1.5-8 cm ubude, 2-3.5 mm ngobubanzi). I-pedicle ibuke; imbali ine-hue ephawulekayo. I-corolla ihlukaniswe ngezindebe eziphezulu nezansi; amaphuphu anombala. Ububanzi be-corolla buvela ku-2 kuya ku-2.5 cm.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala: Indawo yaseMexico iyindawo yokuzalwa, iyatholakala eBrazil. Lolu hlobo lweZhyryanka lufunyenwe kuqala futhi lwacutshungulwa ngo-1910 eduze kwegypsum quarry eliseSan Luis (1300 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle). Ngonyaka ka-1991, waqamba igama layo futhi waqala ukulimalwa eYurophu. Indawo yokuhlala ye-gypsum zhiryanka idinga incazelo eningiliziwe. Isimo esivamile salesi sitshalo yizintaba ezinamahlumela: utshani bukhula noma emakhakheni e-crystalline noma emigqeni encane yomhlabathi obalalayo.
Ikhetha uhlangothi oluthe xaxa olusenyakatho lwegquma, elibheke enyakatho noma enyakatho-ntshonalanga, kusukela lapho ukuphuma kwamanzi emhlabathini kuncane futhi izinga lokushisa liphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo singatholakala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi wezinhlanzi ezincane. Phakathi nenkathi eyomile (kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuJuni), lesi sitshalo sithola umswakama kuphela kusukela emasimini asekuseni. Phakathi kuka-Agasti noNovemba, kunezimvula ezivamile, kodwa intaba ngokwayo ibuye igcine umswakama, enikeza isitshalo ngokudla okwengeziwe.
Izimbali: kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba (kuye ngokuthi umswakama wenhlabathi); ukuqhakaza kungase kuqale kamuva.
I-toaster round-split (Pinguicula cyclosecta)
I-Zhiryanka ihlukaniswe-uhlobo olulula kakhulu lweZhiryanka.
Incazelo: ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ezizungezile, amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaqabunga amaningi aqoqwa endaweni ekhululekile. Ububanzi be-outlet buyi-20 cm, ubude be-pedicle buyi-12 cm. Isigubhu sinamahloni kakhulu, sinombala obomvu. I-Rhizome iyifushane, elula, enezimpande eziningi ze-filiform ezithandayo. Le imbiza idinga amaminerali. Ngakho-ke, njengezinhlobo eziningi zeZhyryanka, lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa amaqabunga ayo njengoVelcro ukuze abambe izinambuzane (ukuze kutholakale ukudla okunomsoco).
Ukusabalalisa: I-Mexico yindawo yokuzalwa yaseZhiryanka. Endle, ukukhula okuhlala isikhathi eside kukhula emahlathini: emadwaleni ama-limestone kanye nezihlahla zemithi. Ngesinye isikhathi sikhula ezindaweni ezinemizila eminingi noma nje emifantwini emadwaleni (ngakwesokunxele kwamadwala).
I-toast ye-Morani (i-Pinguicula moranensis)
Zyryanka Moranskaya - isitshalo esingapheli esinokulimaza. 
Incazelo: ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sakha i-basal rosette yamaqabunga kuze kube ngu-centimitha ubude ubude, ehlanganiswe nama-glands. Njengezinye izilwane, i-Morani zhiryanka inondla izinambuzane. Ama-nutrients akhishwa enyameni ye-arthropods encane asetshenziswa ngaphezu kwezakhi ezikhona emhlabathini. Ebusika, uMoranie zhiryanka ulahlekelwa indawo yayo futhi uthatha uhlobo lwesitshalo esincane esidla ukudla. Imbali inomthunzi obomvu noma obomvu, ophakathi kwesigamu esingaba ngu-25 cm ubude. I-bloom isitshalo kabili ngonyaka.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala: Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala okokuqala eMexico ngo-1799. Kuze kube namuhla, lesi sitshalo sikhula eMexico, naseGuatemala. I-toast ye-Morani iyalinywa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Uyazi? Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-genus Zhiryanka, ethandwa kakhulu ekulimeni ekhaya yi-fatfish Moran. Lokhu kuyingxenye ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga amakhulu, alula, alula futhi abalabala kakhulu.
I-Zhiryanka-leaf leaf (Pinguicula planifolia)
Incazelo: zhiryanka amaqabunga amaqabunga avela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zihlukaniswa umbala weqabunga lomhlaba ojulile. Amanye amasampula angase abe nemibala elula (ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga). Ububanzi bomkhiqizo buyi-12.5 cm; ukuphakama kwama-pedicel - 12 cm. Umbala wezinhlayiyana uhluka kusuka obomvu-obomvu kuze kube mhlophe. Izimbali ziyingcosana, kepha zingafinyelela ku-2 cm ububanzi. Ukuze imbali ivule ngokugcwele izikhala zayo, isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga izinsuku eziningana. Ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi amaqabunga otshani athola umbala obomvu obomvu.
Indawo: Lolu hlobo lwesifazane olunamafutha luyathanda indawo yokuhlala emanzi kakhulu. Ipuleti flat ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinjalo ezimanzi njengemithambeka, amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi amanzi.
Ukusabalalisa: isakazeke enyakatho yezwe. Lolu hlobo lweZhiryanka luvela eU.SA (ingxenye engasempumalanga); ngokuvamile etholakala eFrance.
Isikhathi sokumbali: Kusasa kuya ku-Ephreli, kuye ngokushisa.
Izinsongo: lesi sitshalo sisongelwa ngokususa isayithi, izinga lokuwohloka kwamanzi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi womuntu.
I-Zyryanka Wallisnerielistnaya (i-Pinguicula vallisneriifolia)
I-greret-claret valleus enye uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingenakulimaza ezingomndeni wakwaBubyllate.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala: utshala uhlala ezindaweni ezinamatshe kanye nemikhakha ye-limestone endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-600 kuya ku-1700 ngaphezu kolwandle. Utshani obungapheli uluthando olunomswakama, kodwa oluvikelekile kusuka kunemvula eqondile. I-Zhirinka vallysenelistnaya isakazeke ezintabeni zaseSpain.
Incazelo: imbali i-pink ephaphathekile noma iphuzi, ngokuvamile ingemhlophe eluhlaza noma emhlophe. Amapulazi e-corolla anama-15-22 mm ubude. Amaqabunga ayisisekelo anesisindo esingu 12.5 cm, ubude 12 cm; umbala we-outlet yi-terracotta,
Isikhathi sokumbali: Ukuvuthwa kwemifino ejwayelekile yezivalo kuvame ukuqhuma ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune.
Ukulima: ukulima isikhathi eside kuyoba umsebenzi onzima. Izimo ezidingekayo zokukhula yilezi: umswakama omuhle, ukushisa okuphansi nesibani se-UV.
I-Zhirianka nitelist (I-Pinguicula filifolia)
Uhlu lwezintambo zikaZyryanka - isitshalo esingapheliyo, enye i-subspecies engenazinambuzane ze-genus Zyryanka.
Ukusabalalisa: I-zyryanka nitylistnaya ihlanganisa indawo ebanzi kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeCuba nakwezinye izindawo ezizungezile. U-Zyryanka nitelist waqala ukutholwa ngo-1866.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nemvelo: I-Zyryanka filamentous ikhula eduze kwamaphekula nasemanzini. Utshani lukhula emahlathini ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu womoya nomhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, inkathi eyomile, ehlala kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli, lesi sitshalo simelana ngokwanele.
Incazelo: ubude bamaqabunga eZhiryanka ezinamafutha - 4-6 mm, ububanzi - 1-1,5 mm Njengezinye izitshalo eziningi ezinamafutha, lesi sitshalo esishisayo sisebenzisa izinhlamvu zawo ezinamathele emaqabunga ukuze zibambe izinambuzane ezincane, impova nezinye izitshalo zokutshala ukuze zenzele ukudla okunomsoco. I-socket ine-8-10 mm ububanzi. Enye i-outlet ngokuvamile inezinhlaka ezingu-4-6. Imbali ngayinye inezinhlamvu ezingu-5. Umbala wezimpaphe uhluka kusuka ezimhlophe kuya ophuzi, kusuka obala okwesibhakabhaka kuya obubende.
Izimbali: isikhathi sezimbali sibonakala ikakhulukazi ehlobo (ngoJulayi, ku-Agasti), kepha lesi sitshalo singaqhakaza unyaka wonke.
Izinsongo: ngenxa yokuhlala njalo emathunjini, ama-fat stalker avame ukubhekana nosongo lokubola. Lapho izicubu ezinamafutha zikhula ukukhula okuvuthiwe, amaqabunga amaqabunga athatha isikhundla. Lesi simo esiqondile simsiza ukuba agweme ukubola nokugula kwezifo.
I-purple violet (i-Pinguicula ionantha)
I-Zyryanka violet iyinhlobo engavamile yezimila zezimbali zomndeni wakwaBubyllate.
Incazelo: Lesi sitshalo esingapheli esiyingozi esiyi-herbaceous sakha i-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemiphetho enomzimba. Amaqabunga, ngalinye ngamasentimitha angu-8 ubude, ahlanganiswe ngezinwele ezinamathele. Imbali iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-corolla inehluma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva. Isizinda sembali sinembongolo ephuzi noma ebomvu. I-corolla lobes inezinwele ezimhlophe.
Isikhathi se-Bloommina: NgoFebhuwari-Ephreli.
Indawo: utshani buvame kakhulu eU.SA. Ikhula emanzini, izimpophoma ezijulile, ukudonsa okumanzi kanye nama-puddles. Emazweni amaningi, i-fatty herb violet ibalwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Isisindo esitshalweni yizimlilo zehlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isomiso eside sikwazi ukunciphisa inani lezilimo.
Uyazi? Ngisho nNgemuva kwemvula enamandla, ekubeni ngaphansi kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa, amafutha anemifino violet akwazi ukusinda.
I-Crystal fatfish (i-Pinguicula crystallina)
FI-Crystal White - isitshalo sokugcina kuhlu lwethu kusukela kuhlobo lweZhiryanka.
Izici: isitshalo esivuthiwe sineziqabunga eziluhlaza ezikhanyayo (kusuka ku-1.5 cm kuya ku-3 cm ubude no-1 cm ububanzi). Ukuma kwamaqabunga kuyahlukahluka ukusuka ku-ovate-oblong. Imbali inombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu. Umsila ungaba ngu-2 cm ububanzi.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala: ICyprus ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa, kodwa amarekhodi omlando abonisa ukuthi okokuqala, i-crystal crystal lard yatholakala ensimini yeTurkey yanamuhla. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala naseningizimu ye-Italy, eBosnia naseHerzegovina, e-Albania naseGrisi. I-Crystal Zhirin ikhetha amakhola omlilo, izindonga zamatshe, kanye namadamu noma imifula emanzi. Ukuhlakulela lezi zinhlobo akulula. Lesi sitshalo sidalwe ku-frost neqhwa.
Uyazi? Kuze kube ngu-1991, i-Pinguicula crystallina ne-Pinguicula hirtiflora babhekwa njengezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene. Nokho, izifundo eziphindaphindiwe zenziwa. Ukuhlaziya kubonise ukuthi lezi zitshalo ezimbili zihlobene kakhulu futhi akufanele zibhekwe njengezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukahlukene. Manje i-Pinguicula hirtiflora ayiseyona inhlobo ehlukile, yi-subspecies ye-Zhiryanka crystal.
Bambalwa abantu ezweni lakithi abajwayele amafutha. Kodwa-ke, manje, uma kwenzeka uhlangabezane nalokhu utshani obusendle nolunobuningi obuhle, ungakwazi ukuwuqaphela kalula, futhi ungase ufise ukulukhuphula efasiteleni lakho.
