Izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-Apple Kuibyshev uletha okumnandi izithelo zi-yellow-amber.
Ama-apula anezimfanelo ezingavamile zempahla futhi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi.
Ubumnene, amanzi, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kwe-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene akukwazi ukushiya ukunganaki.
Incazelo eningiliziwe nesithombe kamuva kusihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Umuthi we-Apple Kuibyshev ubhekisela ngezinhlobo zasebusika. Okufaniswe ngu isivuno esikhulu, ukumelana kwasebusika nokumelene nesomiso.
Ukuphepha kwezithelo ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube izinyanga ezintathuNokho, kuxhomeke ekugcineni okufanele kwama-apula:
- ukushisa okudingekayo - kusuka -2 ° kuya ku +1 °;
- ukugcinwa emabhokisini enkuni noma eziqukathi;
- umswakama ohlobene 90-95%;
- ubungako bokulinganiswa kwesithelo;
- ukuhlunga izihlahla ze-apple ngezinhlobo.
Izinhlobo zasebusika zezihlahla ze-apula nazo ziyizo: Idared, i-Antonovka dessert, i-Golden Delicious, iGranny Smith ne-Aport.
Ukuvota
Kuvela ngenxa yempova yezimbali ze-apula ezihlukahlukene ezivundisayo, ngoba i-apula iwuhlobo lokuzikhiqiza.
Okungcono, izitshalo zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ekude kwamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izinhlobo ze-Apple zifanele ukuvota imifino yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Kuibyshevskoe: i-Spartak, iZhigulevskoe, i-Anis grey, i-Skryzhapel, i-synapse yaseNyakatho, i-Kutuzovets.
Incazelo izinhlobo Kuibyshev
Ukubonakala komuthi we-apula kubonakala ngokuphakama kwesihlahla esijwayelekile, umqhele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nezithelo eziphuzi, ezinkulu.
Ukukhula okusheshayo phezulu kanye nomqhele othakazelisayo owenyukayo we-medium thickness.
Amagatsha amakhulu omzimba, ngokuphathelene nesiqu sitholakala engxenyeni engaba ngu-70-80 degrees.
Amagxolo anesibhakabhaka nge-tinge eyimpunga. Ukuhluma nge-kolchatka.
Amahlumela angama-pubescent, amakhulu, anombala omnyama. Leli qabunga lilingana ngobukhulu, i-oval nge-tipered tip. Ubuso beshidi yi-matte.
Okukhulu kakhulu. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-apula 150 amagremu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isisindo se-fetus ingafinyelela 300 amagremu.
Umumo we-apula ulungile, ulinganisa. Esihlahleni esisodwa singakhula izithelo zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Izimbambo zibizwa. Isikhumba sinobucwebe, hhayi obukhulu. Umbala we-apula uwuphuzi okhanyayo.
Ingxenye yesithathu yobuso kaningi iqukethe i-hue ebomvu. Amaphuzu angaphansi komhlaba alula, cishe angabonakali. Inyama i-white-white, i-granular consistency, yamanzi.
Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kuye kwaveza iphunga le-apula.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokunambitheka kakhulu nephunga nazo zingajabulisa: iphayona lase-Orlovsky, i-Ekranny, i-Bolshaya Narodnoe, i-Orlinka ne-Aromatny.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Ezihlukahlukene apula izihlahla Kuybyshevskoe wazalelwa ngenxa umfuyi S.P. I-Kedrinngubani ohlambulukile I-Pepina ye-london futhi Antonovka safari esiteshini sesilingo ekulimeni kwedolobha laseSamara.
Isandla sombelethi ofanayo sinesihlobo sehlobo legolide, uSamara Beauty, uZhigulevsky, Kutuzovets.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Isifunda se-Middle Volga iyindawo yokukhula kwemvelo komuthi wase-Kuibyshev apula, ngokusho kukaRejistri Registry.
Noma kunjalo, lezi zihlukahlukene zihambisana kahle. kwezinye izifunda ezinomlilo.
Uma isimo sezulu singakanele ngokwanele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukutshala isihlahla.
Ukuthela
Izithelo apula tree Kuibyshevskoe kuletha ngonyaka wesihlanu emva kokufika.
Izitshalo ezisuka emthini omncane we-apula zisuswa njalo ngonyaka.
Umuthi ovuthiwe uletha izithelo njalo eminyakeni 1.5-2.
Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuphawulwe engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba.
Isikhathi sabathengi sigcina kuze ku-March.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa nezitshalo eziphakeme: uLyubava, Antey, Papirovka, Gala noStrikel.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Izitshalo kanye nobukhulu bezithelo zika-apula-ku-Kuibyshevsk zixhomeke ngqo ekunakekeleni. Uma utshala umuthi osetshenzisiwe umquba omdala. Ukunakekela i-apula akudingi umzamo omkhulu.
Ukuze umuthi ukhule uqinile, unempilo futhi unhle, into yokuqala okudingekayo ukukhetha isithombo esifanele.
Thenga izithombo ngesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile.
Khetha isithombo esincane,endaweni lapho kunezimo ezifanayo zezulu, ibuye iguquke ngokushesha emhlabathini endaweni ekhulile ngayo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ngokuvamile etshalwe ngezikhathi ezintathu: ekwindla, ehlobo, entwasahlobo.
Lapho ukhetha izithombo ngesistimu evulekile, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukhethe isikhathi sokutshala.
Ngemuva kokuthenga izithombo kakhulu kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala i-apula:
- indawo enelanga;
- ukungabi nomoya;
- izindawo zokutshala kufanele zikhishwe kahle;
- gwema izindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze khona
- ukulungisa kahle umgodi wokufika.
Ukwenza umuthi ube namandla futhi ulethe isivuno esiphezulu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umhlabathi loamy.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kunayo yonke ekuqhubeni ukufika lapho kulungiswa izimbobo zokufika.
Njengoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaseKibyshev zibhekwa njengesihlahla esiyingqayizivele, kuyadingeka lungisa amathangi ngobubanzi nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-1kude amamitha amahlanu ngaphandle.
Inhlabathi evuliwe ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: inhlabathi kusuka phansi (asibize inomboro yenhlabathi 1) futhi inhlabathi evela emgodini (inhlabathi nenombolo 2).
Yenza izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- sibheka imbobo ngokususa ukhula;
- khipha phansi;
- siwela inhlabathi yokulala inombolo 2;
- engeza umquba womquba womgodi, umlotha nama-fertilizer amaminerali ku-1: 0.8: 1 bese uxuba;
- silala inhlabathi №1;
- ukuhlwanyela ngokucophelela isitsha;
- sibopha i-apula esihlahleni sokhuni.
Iminyaka emibili yokuqala kubalulekile ukuthi umuthi we-apula wawubalulekile ziboshelwe isikhonkwane sezinkuni (kungcono ukusebenzisa i-linden noma i-hazel tree).
Ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokufika, entwasahlobo, kubalulekile Ukwakhiwa komqhele oqhamukayo womuthi we-apula.
Kudingekile ukunciphisa ukuphela kwegatsha ngalinye ngokukhetha iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwemihlanu. ukuvimbela umuthi we-apula ukukhiqiza izithelo (kubalulekile ukukhetha u-80-100% wezimbali).
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngo-Ephreli, qiniseka ukuthi nisela izihlahla ezinezinambuzane zokulawula izinambuzane.
Le nqubo kufanele iqhutshwe kabili: lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala emagatsheni ngaphambi kokuba ifihlekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-apula ayidingi umanyolo okhethekile.
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kokutshala:
- ukubopha izihlahla ukuvikela emagundeni kanye nezinhlamvu (impahla - isikhumba, lapnik);
- ukuxubana nemibuthano ye humus pristvolnyh;
- ukuphakama komhlaba kuze kube ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili.
Buka ividiyo ukuthi ungayithatha kanjani kahle inhlabathi yezihlahla zomuthi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izihlahla ze-Kuibyshev ezihlukahlukene zibhekene nokuphikiswa okuphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Ngokuvamile kaningi:
Scab Okokuqala kuthinta amaqabunga omuthi, bese uhamba esitshalweni.
Isizathu sokubukeka kwale fungus ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqhuma umoya ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla noma ukukhuphuka komswakama.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-scab zibukeka ngamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga, futhi enombalwa omkhulu obuncane obuncane, ekwenzeni i-crust, amabala ezithelo.
Izithelo Rot - Isifo sohlobo lwefayalini, oluwela phakathi phakathi komntwana nge-cracks kanye namanxeba adalwe ngaphambilini izilwane, isichotho noma enye indlela.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukubonakala kwesikhumba esibomvu esikhumbeni se-apula, esizokhula kuze kube yilapho i-apula ibolile ngokuphelele.
Idonsa likaMealy - lesi sifo sefungal. Isibonakaliso saleso sifo siwukubukeka kwe-mycelium ukhunta ngesimo seqhwa elimhlophe emaqabunga emithi.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sibonakala ngemva kwemvula enamandla. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka emthini kusuka phansi kuze kube yilapho kuhlaselwa ngokuphelele esihlahleni.
Izibhamu ezinzima - ngokuvamile ivela ngenxa ye-calcium enganele ngokwanele emhlabathini, umthamo omkhulu we-nitrogen fertilizer, umswakama ophezulu, isikhathi sokuvuna sekwephuzile, kanye nezimo zokugcina ezingalungile.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngohlobo lwamabala amnyama alucindezelekile futhi kuthinta ingane ngezindlela ezimbili: esihlahleni nangesikhathi sokugcina.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezihlahla ze-apula kuyisivikelo.
Izinyathelo eziningi eziphelele eziletha umphumela wokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula:
- impova ye-sulfur colloidal kanye nama-copper;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokumelene nesifo;
- ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezithintekile;
- ukufaka umquba we-potash nohlobo lwe-phosphorus;
- umlotha wenhlabathi;
- ukwakheka komqhele;
- feed nge umquba umquba;
- I-calcium chloride yokuphalaza ngenkathi yokukhula;
- isivuno esifike ngesikhathi;
- isitoreji esifanele sama-apula.
Ngaphezu kwezifo, izinambuzane ezinambuzane nazo zingasongela izihlahla zezithelo. Izindlela zokuzivikela ezifike ngesikhathi ezibhekiswe ezimfini zokumbiwa kwezimayini, izithelo ze-sapstone, i-apple moth, i-hawthorn noma i-silkworms izosindisa kokubili izihlahla nezitshalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula Kuybyshev unomkhiqizo omuhle futhi uletha izithelo ezinhle ngezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo.
With ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile yisithombo ihlumela kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Isihlahla asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukumelana okuphakathi kwezifo.
Uma kunqotshwa izinambuzane, ukwelashwa akudingi umzamo omkhulu.
