Izibingelelo ezivelele ezivela ngaphandle zivela eMelika - ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula Starkrimson

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwanoma yiliphi izithelo linikeza amehlo ethu: ukubonakala okubukwayo kuveza imibono mayelana nokunambitheka, ukubaluleka kokuthengwa kwezithelo, ukukwazi ukungena ekuqoqweni kwensimu yethu.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-aparkrimson apula zibalwa futhi embonweni obonakalayo - ama-apula enemibala egqamile enomqhele ngaphezu kwamahlamvu aluhlaza. Futhi ikusasa lalifanele libe yizohwebo kuphela.

U-Starkrimson wangena kanjani izingadi zaseRussia?

Umlando wokudala ezihlukahlukene uvela kude kakhulu e-Iowa (USA) ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Khona-ke umzala wakhe wazalwa - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika eziDelishs (ezihunyushwe kusukela ngesiNgisi - "ezijabulisayo").

Ngendlela yokukhethwa kwe-systemic nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezitshalweni zokuqhafaza irekhodi nge-bud bud variability, i-ibid, ngo-1921, bathola izinhlobo eziningana ezintsha zokulima izinga elibizwa nge-Starking Delishes, elibhekiswe ekujuleni kombala omkhulu nokukhula okuphansi kwesitshalo.

Iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo ezinalezi zimfanelo eziwusizo kanye ne-Starkrimson, okusho ngokwezwi nezwi: inkanyezi- "into evelele" nebomvu (krimzn) - "umbala obomvu, umshini wokusajingijolo."

Leli gama lihambisana ngokuphelele nombala obomvana wezithelo ezinkulu zamanzi, okwakufanelekile ukutshala ezivandeni zezimboni.

Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kokulima kwenkathi yaseSoviet eNyakatho Caucasus naseTalvropol Territory kwaholela ekusakazeni kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ezweni lethu. Izinguquko esimweni sezomnotho eminyakeni engu-20 edlule zisusile lokhu okuhlukahluka ekukhiqizeni kwezebhizinisi. Manje ufana nesimanga esiyingqayizivele ehlobisa ukuqoqwa kwezitimu zangasese.

Izici ebangeni

1. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula - izitshalo ezinokuhamba okufinyelelekile okufinyeleleka.
   

   Izihlahla ze-apula ezinamazinga angaphezu kokulinganisa, amagatsha ezithelo zensiza ngesihlahla sase-spruce akhiwa ngobuningi, anemivuno enobudlova futhi ekhululekile.
   

   Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuvunwa konyaka okuphezulu. Ukuqina kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaqabunga e-apple spur kubonisa umsebenzi wenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Izinhlobo ze-spur zihlanganisiwe ngokuphumelelayo kunoma yiziphi izithombo ezingakwazi ukutshala lesi sitshalo nge-frost resistance.

2. I-Starkrimson ayibalekanga futhi ihlanganisa izihlahla eziningi zaso - self-infestation. Ukuze kufakwe isithelo esimisiwe kanye nesethulo sesithelo esidinga izidumbu ezihambisana nezimo ezilandelayo:
   • ukujwayelekile kwesifunda sokulima;
   • ngokungahambisani ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza;
   • imigomo evamile yokuvuthwa njengezinhlobo zekwindla sekwephuzile.

   Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphakanyisiwe ze-pollinator ze-Starkrimson: Jonathan, Golden Delicious.

Khumbula: Izitshalo zokuvotela eziyinhloko zezihlahla ze-apula yizinyosi.. Ingqikithi ye "isenzo" salesi sivunguvungu semvelo singama-2 km. Nasi isiyingi lapho izihlahla zempova kufanele zibe khona.

3. Ukuhlushwa kwesihlahla eStarkrimson kuqala eminyakeni engama-2-3, futhi njalo ngonyaka inani lama-apula esihlahleni landa. Kuze kufike ku-300 ama-quintals asuswe ngehektare ngalinye ngenani lokuzala.
Ngokuvuna okunengi okweqisa umuthi we-apula kusongela ukulahlekelwa kwesethulo nokunambitha. Ungakhohlwa ukuba mncane ovary ngesikhathi sezimbali!
4. Ukuvuna kuyaqhubeka amaviki amabili kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izithelo ekugcineni zivuthwe kuphela ngenyanga, zifinyelele ekuvuthweni kwabathengi.

   Lapho uqala ukukhipha ama-apula "embhedeni" aba yi-flabby. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuvuna, ungaphuthelwa isikhathi - ama-apula azovuthwa, alahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo.

5. I-Starkrimson ifakwa kuze ku-Ephreli, ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokugcina izimo.
6. Izinhlobonhlobo zizwela ngokufanayo neqhwa nesomiso. Ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile, isihlahla sidinga okungenani ama-600 mm wezulu ngomnyaka. Ukunisela okwengeziwe kunxephezela ukungabi nomswakama.
7. Izinhlobonhlobo ziveza ukumelana ne-powdery isikhutha ngesisekelo se-polygenic, kepha isikhumba asiyeki isitshalo.
8. Ukuzikhethela kwesethulo kanye nokuhlobisa izithelo, ukunambitheka kwabo okumnandi futhi okubabayo kakhulu kwenza ama-apula i-dessert eyamukelwe ukuze isetshenziswe ikakhulukazi, nakuba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibona ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene (okumile, okusetshenziselwa ukushisa, okwenziwe nge-thermally and gel and liquid).

Ukuthi ekubukeni kwe-Starkrimson kuveza ibanga le-spur kanye nenhloso yokuhweba.

1. I-morphology yomuthi ibonakala ngokuphakama okuncane kwesitshalo ngomqhele ohlangene owakhiwa ngamagatsha omzimba owenza i-angle ebukhali ne-trunk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha esithelo athululela phakathi kwemigqa, okwenza kube lula ukunakekela umuthi kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

   Lezi zimfanelo zikuvumela ukuba ubeke izitshalo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa kunoma iyiphi indawo, ngisho ne-bias ebalulekile. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici zemithi, zitshalwe:

2. ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo "kulayini olulodwa" noma "uchungechunge olubili";
3. esekelwe ezakhiweni zensimbi (trellis);
4. ihlanganiswe ngokulandelayo, isekelwe yi-trellis.
5. Isici esihlukanisa amahlumela singama-internodes eseduze, amagxolo amahlumela anombala obomvu nokushicilela.
6. Amahlamvu ombala obumnyama aphethe zonke izici ezijwayelekile zezihlahla ze-apula:
   • ukuzungeza okwesibindi nge-tip ebukhali;
   • ipuleti elinamafutha, elibi kusukela ngemuva;
   • onqenqemeni oqoshiwe oqoshiwe.
7. Izimbali - pink elimhlophe efihlekile, ezimhlophe - ku rosette evulekile. I-stamens anthers idlulisa imbali. Ikamelo lembewu livaliwe.
8. Izithelo zinkulu (kufika ku-180 g.), Ibonakala kancane ngokuma, ifakwe ngokuqinile egatsheni nge-stem eqinile; ngesikhathi sokukhula, eluhlaza, ngesikhathi sokususwa, uthole ukufiphaza okubomvu obumnyama, phezu kobuso be-apula.
   

   Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esinamahloni kukhona inyama enomsocookuyinto ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ishintsha umbala kusuka ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kuze kube ukhilimu, inomnandi kakhulu kunokunambitheka okumnandi-okumnandi kanye nenani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco.

EYurophu, ama-apula afanela entendeni asesidingo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezihlotshisiwe zikhetha kuphela emakethe yasekhaya.

Isithombe

Isithombe sikhombisa isithelo se-aparkrimson apula futhi okulandelayo incazelo eningiliziwe yesihlahla.

Isithombe

Insimu eningi esakhiweni

Njengoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Starkrimson zadalwa ekuqaleni kwensimu enhle, kudingeke ukuba zihlolisise imininingwane kanye namathuba okusebenzisa izimiso zalo ekutshaleni kwangasese.

Insimu eningi luhlobo oluthile lokutshala okunamandla kwezitshalo zokuqala ze-fruiting nezitshalo eziphakeme..

Ukukhiqizwa kwensimu enjalo kuxhomeke emgangathweni wokuzala inhlabathi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinqubo ze-agrotechnical.

Izidingo ezilandelayo zihambisana nayo:

• I-fruiting ejwayelekile futhi egcwele ifika kakade ngonyaka wesibili;
• ukuphikiswa kwesitshalo esiphakeme ezinambuzane nezifo;
• ukuhlelwa kwezithelo, ukuveza izithelo, ukumelana nokucindezeleka okungokwemishini (lapho ukuqoqa, ukukhetha, ukuthutha).

Lelididi linemininingwane yalo yokunakekelwa.:

• ukusika iziqu kuphela futhi zihlanzekile;
• ukuphuza emiphakathini yomjikelezo wezimpande:
• ukususwa kokhula kanye nokuhluma ngokuzenzekelayo futhi ngosizo lwezokwelapha;
• ukubuyiswa kabusha kwezakhi zokulandelela emhlabathini okhiqizwa ohlelweni lokunisela.

Ukukhetha kwezinhlobo ze-Starkrimson ezifanele:

1. Unentshisekelo ezitshalweni eziphezulu kanye nokukhangiswa kwempahla yezithelo ezihloswe ukudayiswa.
2. Ukuze uthole iqoqo elihlukahlukene ledidi ezihlukahlukene.
3. Abanikazi bezivande ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yezwe lakithi (iKrasnodar, Stavropol Territory, esifundeni saseRostov, eNyakatho Caucasus). Ngenxa yesimo sokufudumala kwezwe, kungenzeka enyakatho.
4. Ezisezindaweni ezinezimo zokutheleleka kwezihlahla ze-apula ne-powdery isikhutha (isikhathi sokufudumala esibomvu esinomswakama ophansi).
5. Ukuze udle nezifo zesisu, uhambisana ne-asidi ephezulu.

Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukuvikelwa ehlathini nesomiso, okwandisa izidingo ezimweni ezikhulayo. Noma kunjalo - ibanga alinamathelisi esikhaleni.

Yini oyidingayo ekukhiqizeni?

Umuthi ngamunye we-apula ukhula ngendlela yawo, futhi umlimi kufanele azi ukuthi akwenzani ngokuhlukahluka okuthile ukuze athole umphumela omuhle.

1. Ukulingana okulungile, okufaka ukukhetha indawo kanye nobuchwepheshe obufanele benqubo ngokwayo. Izihlahla ze-Apple i-Starkrimson njengezinhlobonhlobo eziseningizimu ikakhulukazi zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle.

   Ziyaphikisana ezindaweni ezibhekene nemimoya evamile, iziqhingi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezingeni lika 1.2 m kusuka phezulu.. Kodwa baqothule ngokuphelele emithambekeni futhi bazizwa behlelekile lapho befika khona.

2. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kunomphumela wokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi evundile, noma i-loams ekhishiwe, ehlanganiswa nezithako eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali (ene-acidity ephezulu ne-lime).
3. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ekutshaleni kwekwindla kunenzuzo: isikhathi sokujwayela isitshalo kuze kube isikhathi sokutshala.
4. Ubukhulu bomgodi wokutshala bujwayelekile (D = 1m, H = 0.7m). Isimiso sokutshala okufanelekile yisimo sekhola yempande (6 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi).
5. I-Starkrimson ithanda umswakama njalo wenhlabathi, okutholakala ngokuchelela njalo nokuningi.
6. Ukwenziwa komqhele wezinhlobo ze-spur ngesikhathi sokutshala kwe-trellis kwenziwa endizeni efanayo. Kulesi simo, amagatsha emasipha ahlangene, futhi izithelo zingena esiteji.
7. Inqubo yokunciphisa i-ovary phakathi nenkathi yezimbali ihambisana kakhulu nezihlahla ezithela izithelo.

Imifino eveza izithelo ezothela izithelo ngonyaka ozayo isethwe ngokushesha ngemuva kweviki lesishiyagalombili emva kokuqhakaza. Isimo esivamile saleso sitshalo phakathi nalesi sikhathi siyobathinta isivuno esizayo. Izithelo ezisemgangathweni zenziwe kusukela embuzweni wokuqala nokukhulu.

8. Ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa ukunambitheka, uhlelo lokuvuna emgqeni wesikhathi esinconywe ikhalenda ye-agronomic.
9. I-Starkrimson ayinamathele esikhaleni, ngakho-ke idinga izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngama-fungal spores.

Indlela yokuvikela ama-apula esihlahleni?

Eqinisweni, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo eziningi ezithinta ezinye izihlahla ze-apula. Kodwa isikhumba sasingenanhlanhla: kubalulekile ukucinga izindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo. Ulwazi olungezansi luzosiza ngalokhu.

Izinkathi ezibucayi zokuhlukunyezwa kwe-apula ukuphikisana nezingqinamba nokubukeka kwayo:

• entwasahlobo nasekuseni kwehlobo;
• ukufika okungenawo umoya ophansi;
• ezindala, izihlahla ezifakwe emangcwabeni eduze kwesitshalo se-varietal.

Izimpawu zokunqotshwa:

• ama-specks abomvu okuqala abonakala emaqabunga;
• isigaba esilandelayo ukubunjwa kwephala elimhlophe (spore) ngakwesokunene kwephepha;
• amaqabunga aphenduka amnyama awele, lesi sifo sidlulela esithelweni;
• izindawo ezimnyama ezitshalweni, ezikhulayo, ziholela ekuqhekekeni kwesikhumba;
• Izithelo namaqabunga awile abe umthombo wokutheleleka kwezinye izitshalo.

Ukulwa nezifo:

1. Ukubhujiswa ekupheleni kwenkathi yazo zonke izimbiza emlilweni noma emigodini yomquba, ukuwahlanganisa nge-peat
2. Thobela umqhele wangaphambi kwesikhathi sasebusika.
3. Dweba isiyingi somuthi wesihlahla somuthi we-pristvolny.
4. Hlanganisa amaqabunga amancane (isisombululo se-5%) nomhlabathi (isixazululo esingu-7%) nesisombululo se-urea.
5. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo siphuza Bordeaux liquid (1% isixazululo, ngesikhathi ukuvuthwa kwezinso).
6. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile okufakwe kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-6 ngekhefu lamaviki amathathu (ukuphalaza kokugcina amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna).

I-aparkrimson apple enhle futhi enhle ilungele ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kuye.