Izinhlobo ze-Apple Ubuhle beSverdlovsk abalimi abawaziwayo nabamatshina, nalabo abaqeqeshiwe abazinikezele ekutshalweni kwezihlahla zezithelo zokuphila.
Umuthi we-Apple awunesizotha, unikeza izithelo eziningi kanye nezithelo eziphezulu, ezikwazi ukugcina isikhathi eside. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe eziqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Apple ezihlukahlukene Krasa Sverdlovsk ibhekisela izinhlobo zasebusika isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ama-apula anesikhathi eside sokugcina ngaphandle kokulimala, ahlala esebenza. kusukela ngo-Okthoba (okungukuthi, isikhathi sokuqoqwa) ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Yenza okuhle ukuthutha futhi ekhangayo ukubukeka.
Kunconywa ukugcina izithelo ezindaweni ezivikelwe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo (amasango, ama-cellars) lapho ukungafani okubukhali kwamazinga okushisa kungabonwa khona.
Ukushisa okujwayelekile kufanele kube 0-7 degrees Celsius.
Uma ugcina ama-apula ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lingase liwe ngaphansi kwe-zero, kunconywa ukufudumala iziqukathi zezithelo.
Hlola ezinye izinhlobo ze-apula zasebusika: Lada, Cliff, uRennet Simirenko, i-Snowdrop, isipho sokubala, i-Persianka, i-Northern Sinap, i- Rozhdestvenskoe, i-Spartan, i-Starkrimson, i-Fuji.
Ukuvota
Izinhlobonhlobo ziveza ukukhiqiza, ngoba kudingeke ukuba kutholakale isivuno esikhulu sokuvuna. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-apula ezivamile esifundeni sase-Ural zifanelekile njengomuthi we-pollinator.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo Krasa Sverdlovsk
I-apula isisindo sendawo, nezithelo ezidlula ubukhulu obujwayelekile. Cabanga okuningi.
Isihlahla se-Apple sinokukhula kancane ngaphezu isilinganisoUbukhulu bomqhele buningi, ukuzungeza okulinganiselayo.
Amagatsha amakhulu aqondiswa esitokisini ekhoneni lika 90%, obomvu obomvu, oboshwe kancane.
Ukuvuthwa kwenziwa nge-kolchatka, futhi nakwezithelo zamahlumela.
Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ephethe imibimbi yokukhanya nokulala, isisekelo sinesimo senhliziyo.
Ngesikhathi sezimbali, inikeza amahlumela amakhulu amhlophe nge-pink tint.
Njengokhuni, kancane kancane kudlula ubukhulu obujwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi bafinyelela isisindo esikhulu (kufika ku-240 g). Kufana okufana komunye nomunye, isakhiwo esifanele nxazonke.
Izithelo eziningi zilinganisa ukubunjwa okuncane kakhulu. Isikhumba somile futhi sibushelelezi, ukukhwaza kungabonakali kalula.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa banemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; emva kokugcina isikhathi eside, umbala uba mnandi obomvu obomvu nokubomvu.
Pulp futhi elimnandi, elinamandla futhi elinyene, isakhiwo sinokusanhlamvu okuphakathi, sinambitheka omuncu ovumelanisiwe nenye i-spiciness engabonakali futhi iphunga elimnandi.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwanda okuqukethwe kwevithamini C.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
I-Apple Krasa Sverdlovsk yavuthwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine leminyaka edlule ngenxa yokwahlukanisa ngokuhlwanyelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezijwayele ukubeka izithelo ezinkulu.
Yakha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zabasebenzi baseSverdlovsk Station Station yokuhlola, okungukuthi: L.A. Kotov, L.G. Vegerova, P.A. Dibrova.
Zoned for Ama-Urals aseNingizimu nasemaphakathi.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Hlanganisa ngokusabalalisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula Ubuhle bukaSverdlovsk e-Southern Urals, e-Upper Volga nase-Urals Ephakathi.
It uthembisa ukufika nokusabalalisa ku izindawo eziphakathi.
Futhi, ngokusho kwezibikezelo zabalimi abanolwazi, ekutshaleni isiko kuzothatha izimpande ngendlela ephawulekayo Isifunda sase-Altai nase-Western Siberia.
Funda ngezinhlobo ezifanele ukutshala lezi zifunda: I-Saffron e-Pepin, Isipho kubalimi, inselo yesiliva, Sokolovskoye, i-Uralets, iPhoenix ye-Altai, Indodakazi uPepinchik, uLyubava.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobo ze-Apple i-Krasa Sverdlovsk ingena e-fruiting 6-7 emva kokudlula. Akudingeki ukuphumula phakathi kwezinkathi ezikhiqizayo, ngakho-ke ukufruiting kuvamile.
Ukuvuna ekukhulile kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa kufinyelela 70-100 kg. Ezindaweni ezivela ku-hektare elilodwa lomhlaba otshalwe ngalezi zihlukahlukene, ukuqoqa abantu abayizikhulu eziyi-100-200 zezithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ngokweqile kuma-frosts abanzi.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ubuhle beSverdlovsk buyingqayizivele ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni. Kubalulekile unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ukusika izihlahla, umanyolo kanye nokuphuza.
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-apula Krasa Sverdlovsk Kunconywa emigqeni emibili ibanga Amamitha ayi-6 kusuka komunye nomunye.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-apula: ekwindla (kodwa kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa) nasentwasahlobo (ngo-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaJuni).
Ukukhula kufanele kwenziwe ezakhiweni eziphakeme zokukhulula ukuze kuvikelwe umuthi emimoyeni oqinile.
Khetha indawo nenhlabathi evundile kakhulu.
Uma uqala ukumba umgodi wokufika, uhlukanise ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba phansi.
Okuphezulu, njengoba ungqimba oluvundile kunazo zonke, luzolala ngaphansi kwengxenyeni engezansi ukuze lisekele isithombo.
Ithiphu: Kunconywa ukuthi ulungiselele umgodi wokugibela inyanga ngaphambi kokudlula.
Ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo, hlola ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande, ususe ngokucophelela izimpande ezigulayo futhi eziphukile, futhi umboze izicucu ngomhluzi wensimu.
Akunakwenzeka ukutshala i-sapling ehlanganiswe namahlamvu okuqala noma lapho ama-buds asevele ekhulile - ngeke athole izimpande.
Igodi lokutshala kufanele libe kusuka ngamasentimitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-60 ejulile.
I-topsoil ixubene nomanyolo, Kunconywa ukubeka ibhakede elilodwa lama-humus, 800 g lomlotha kanye no-1 kg wamanyolo wamaminerali emgodini.
Ingxube elandelwayo ithululelwa phansi emgodini wokutshala, okwenza isigundane.
Emva kwalokho ungqimba 5-6 cm ulale ngaphandle komanyolo.
Kubalulekile: Kumele kube khona ibanga phakathi kwezimpande nomanyolo, ngoba ukuxhumana okuqondile nomxube womanyolo kungabangela ukuba impande itshale isithombo.
Uhlelo lwempande lembewu kumele luqondiswe ngokucophelela. Umuthi ubeka phezu kwe-hillock, isikhonkwane sihlatshwa eceleni kwesiphakamiso somuthi we-apula. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi igcwele ngaphandle komanyolo.
Ithiphu: ukumboza inhlabathi kancane kancane, ukuthungula umlingisi ngobumnene ukuze umhlabathi usatshalaliswe ngokufanele ezindaweni ezingezansi phakathi kwezimpande.
Awukwazi ukulala entanyeni yentambo ye-seedling, ukubola okungenjalo kungase kuqale. Ngemuva kokufika gcwalisa umgodi wokutshala ngamabhakede amabili amanzi.
Khulisa. Inqubo eyinhloko yokondla i-apula isihlahla. Uma umuthi wakho usemncane, umqhele uzokwenziwa njalo ngonyaka.
Amaphutha okuqala okusika izihlahla ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela livule entwasahlobo, ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwesithombo.
Amahlumela amahle aqoshiwe, anciphisa ukukhula komuthi ukuphakama nokugwema ukubukeka kwamacembe amahlangothi.
Njalo entwasahlobo kubalulekile ukusika amahlumela ngo-1/3, eyabonakala ngonyaka odlule, ibangele ukuvela kwamagatsha ezithelo futhi kuphuthumise ukukhula.
Ukusika ama-ovari nezithelo nakho kuyimfuneko ebalulekile yokugcina umuthi.
Kuyadingeka ukususa izithelo eziphakathi kwe-inflorescence ngayinye futhi usike izithelo ngamaphutha okusobala nokuma okuguquliwe. Ukunisela kokuqala ngonyaka izihlahla ziphila ziyenziwa kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-4 ngesikhathi esisodwa esishisayo ku 3-4 amabhakede ku-sapling eyodwa.
Ngemuva kokuba uphuzisa, ugeze umhlabathi ngomhlabathi ovulekile noma i-humus. Izihlahla ze-Apple nazo kufanele ziphuze cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuphela kwezimbali kanye nenyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zidinga ukusabalalisa umquba kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuquba umquba ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukushintsha lawa mafutha ngokugqoka amaminerali.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ubuhle be-Apple Tree yaseSverdlovsk bujwayele izifo ezintathu ezinkulu zezihlahla zezithelo: isikhumba, isikhumba se-powdery, nomdlavuza we-apula. Cabanga ngezindlela zokwelapha ze-apula zalesi sifo.
Scab
I-Scab yisifo esiwufungulu esivela ngokweqile kobumswakama, ubusika emagqabeni engavunyelwe ekwindla. Kubonakala ngamachashazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwekhasi, ezithelo - ezimbalwa ezithende. Ngesikhumba, isithelo asinakusetshenziswa.
Ukwelashwa: Umuthi udinga ukwelashwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngesisombululo se-urea esingu-5%. Emthini owodwa kuzodinga ama-5 amalitha. I-vein zakuqala iphathwa nge-oxychloride yethusi ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zisetshenziswe futhi emva kwezithelo zibekiwe. Futhi futhi ukwelashwa okwamamukelekayo Bordeaux liquid and sulfate sethusi.
Idonsa likaMealy
Lithinta zonke izingxenye zomuthi, kubonakala sengathi ziqhakaza, zifana nothuli. Ekuqothuleni amaqabunga amile futhi awe phansi. Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa, amachashazi amnyama aqala ukuvela.
Ukwelashwa: Phonsa umuthi we-colloid eyimpunga (80 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi) entwasahlobo.
I-Apple crab
Esinye sezifo ezibucayi kakhulu ezivela ngenxa yezimo ezingaphezu kokulawulwa kwabanini bomuthi: ukushisa ngokweqile kwamanzi kuyingozi. I-Cancer ibonakale ngezilonda noma ekukhuleni komnyama nomsundu. Ezindaweni ezithintekayo, ibhakede liyaqhubeka futhi liyanyamalala.
Ukwelashwa: Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwesihlahla, kulula ukugwema imiphumela embi. Okokuqala udinga ukususa wonke amagatsha ahlatshwa yilesi sifo, igxolo elikhuthele liphinde linyanyiswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukuthi uthathe ingxenye ephilile yesentimitha ngo-2-3. Izinkuni ziphathwa nge-antiseptic, amanxeba - i-garden decoction.
Uma unquma ukutshala ensimini yakho i-apple yesihlahla se-Krasa Sverdlovsk, ungaba nokuthula - angeke akulethele inkathazo.
Naphezu kokuthi umuthi we-apula udinga umuthi-pollinator ukubeka izithelo, ulula impova yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
Ubuhle be-Sverdlovsk bunqabile ngokwanele ukukhwehlela, kepha akusiyo njalo ukuqina kweqhwa, ngakho-ke izinkuni zizofudumala njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa inani lokuvuna lizokwenza yonke imizamo yakho.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokutshala futhi kanjani ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo?
