Lezi apula zivela emasimini ethu phakathi kokuqala, futhi ngenxa yalokhu zithandwa kakhulu ngabantu.
Okumnandi futhi okumnandi, Indodakazi kaPapias wadlula abazali bakhe hhayi nje ukunambitha.
Angesabi kakhulu ngeqhwa nezifo.
Uma ungeke ucabange ingadi yakho ngaphandle amaapula asekuqaleni, qiniseka ukutshala okungenani isihlahla esisodwa salokhu, ngaphandle kokuhle izinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba.
Luhlobo luni olubhekisela
Izihlobo zasehlobo apula izindawo eziphakathi nendawo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo zifaka phakathi: uMsindisi we-Apple, ukuthulukiswa kwe-Bely, i-Yandykovskoe, i-Gorno-Altaiskoye, i-Gornist, i-Malinovka, i-Hero yosuku, i-Terentyevka, i-Silver Hoof, uSoltstsedar, i-Yuzhny, i-Wonderful, i-Yuzhny, i-Krasnoe ngaphambili, i-Summer Striped, ubuhlobo babantu, indodakazi kaMelba.
Ukuvota
Njengomuthi wokuvotela ohlukahlukene wezibeletho ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Papirovka, kanye I-Malt lage, Grushovka Moscow, Borovinka, UJuly Chernenko.
Ukuze kutholakale impova ephumelelayo nokuthola isivuno esihle sama-apula asetshalwe. ebangeni elingamamitha angama-50 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Indodakazi Papirovki
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Imithi kusukela ephakathi kuya kuya ubude, finyelela ku-7-8 m ukuphakamaunamandla nomqhele obukhulu obuningi-pyramidal noma bristle. Amagatsha okubeletha akhula ngama-angles amakhulu ngokuqondene ne-trunk, abe nombala ompunga obomvu.
Amahlumela alungile, kusukela obala obomvu kuya ku-gray-brown, medium-median. I-lamina inkulu, igobile-ovate, evame ukuba nomgodi ohlotshiswe enhliziyweni esiqwini.
Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, ahlanganiswe emgqeni wendawo futhi aphihliwe kancane. Ubuso bamaqabunga bubumbene, phakathi kwemifino ine-convexity kanye ne-concavity.
Emaphethelweni amaqabunga angama-wavy kancane, ama-crenate ahlambulukile. Ngokubukeka, amaqabunga afana no-Anis, kodwa ahluke kuwo ngobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu nobukhona bokukhanya. Ama-stalks we-Leaf ayinyene futhi afushane.
Izithombo ziphansi, amahlumela anombala obomvu obomvu. I-angle yemvelaphi yamahlumela angenhla i-45-60º. Amaqabunga akhula e-angi 90 ° kuya ku-stem. Izithombo ngokuvamile zihlanganiswa esitokisini esincane.
Izithelo ubukhulu obuphakathi, eduze kwezincane (80-100 g), okungavamile kakhulu, inomzimba ingaba yindilinga, idijithali, igqamile. Phezulu banezintambo ezicashile.
Phezu kwe-apula, ngezinye izikhathi ubude besikhathi eside shovchik. I-saucer incane, iminyene, i-ribbed.
Umngcele ulula, uvaliwe. Ubude nobukhulu be-stem buyisilinganiso, isitimela simi ngaphezu komngcele.
Imbewu isidleke kusuka usayizi ophakathi kuya kwekhulu, ibekwa maphakathi ne-apula noma kancane ihanjiswe phezulu. Amakamelo embewu angavulwa kokubili futhi avule isigamu.
Umbala wama-apula kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ophuzi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele zinombala ophuzi ophuzi. Eyaziwa ngokuba khona kwamaningi amaningi amakwe kahle, amancane amancane avela phansi afana nePapiro.
Elanga elikhanyayo nge-apula tan ebonakalayo yegolide. Umbala wokumboza awutholakali. Isikhumba sesithelo sinzima kakhulu. Inyama imhlophe, iphuzi kancane, ilula futhi iyamanzi, iphunga elimnandi. Kancane kancane, kodwa kunesivinini kunase-Papy. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula amnandi futhi anomuncu omnandi.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo ezitholiwe ngo-1937 esiteshini sokuhlola saseKuibyshev ingadi ngokuwela Anisa Scarlet futhi Amaphepha, okwamanje ku-registry yombuso Izindawo zaseSamara nase-Ulyanovsk. Umbhali walezi ezihlukahlukene yiSoviet. umfuyi S.P. Umsedari. Ukukhwabanisa kwaqala ukuthela izithelo ngo-1947. Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha idlule iPapia ukunambitheka nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Isifunda esikhulayo
Izinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe eSamara, e-Ulyanovsk nase-Orenburg. Okwamanje ukhulile Izindawo ze-Middle Volga ne-Ural.
I-Apple Tree Girl Indodakazi kaPapiroka ibhekene nobunzima obusika obubusika nobuqhakaga futhi kunganconywa ezindaweni ezinezimo ezinzima, kufaka phakathi Leningrad, Vologda, Pskov naseNovogorodkufaka phakathi Valdai Hills.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa ngokuvunwa okuphezulu kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu, enyakatho, isivuno sincane kakhulu, isithelo sincane, ukunambitheka kuvela okuhle kuya okuhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezihlahla zama-apula zifanelekile ukutshala kulezi zifunda: Imrus, Antey, Cinnamon Striped, Cliff, Young Naturalist, uCinnamon Novoe, Quinti, Snow Calvil, Pepin Saffron, uRennet Simirenko, Uspenskoe, Rennet Chernenko, Zhigulevskoe, Zvezdochka, Anis Striped.
Ukuthela
Ibanga lihluke ekuhlungulweni kokuqala - iminyaka engu-3-5 nomvuno omuhle. Indodakazi uPapirova ibhekisela kunabo bonke izinhlobo zakuqala zamahlobo zama-apula.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu izithelo zivuthwe kakade engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, ephakathi neRussia - engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti. Zombili amagatsha nezinhlobo ezincane ezineminyaka emibili namithathu ubudala ubudala nezithelo zamasango zithela izithelo.
Izihlahla ezincane (iminyaka engu-8-11) ngokwesilinganiso Iminyaka engama-4 isivuno sabantu abangamakhulu angu-62 ehektheleni ngalinye (50 kg ezivela esihlahleni esisodwa), kanti ukuvunwa okukhulu kwezihlahla ze-apula kuza eneminyaka engu-15-16 futhi kufinyeleleke Amakhilomitha angu-150 ehektheleni ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Izihlahla ezincane bear izithelo njalo ngonyaka. Izithelo zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, cishe azizange zihlulwe. Ukususwa kuyenziwe ngomunye owodwa noma emibili yokuthola. Izithelo zinomthelela kakhulu, zilimale kalula lapho zivuna futhi zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela.
Ama-apula ube nempilo emfushane yamashalofu - kuze kube amasonto amabili cishe hhayi ngaphansi kokuhamba.
Ezitsheni zokugcina izitshalo ingase ilale kuze kube yinyangaKodwa-ke, ekhaya kunzima ukugcina ukushisa okufunayo.
Ngokujwayelekile, ama-apula ehlobo awagcinwa, kodwa asetshenziswe noma asetshenziswe ngokushesha. Uma usufuna ukulondoloza isivuno, ungafaka ama-apula ahlanzekile emibhodini engilazi engama-litre angama-litre noma ungawafaki emaphaketheni epulasitiki, uwabophe bese uwabeka emakhazeni.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala kwe-Apple kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngokwesiko elijwayelekile.
Ungatshala izihlahla futhi ekwindla, kodwa kungakapheli inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Ukuthenga izithombo kungcono ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-apula ishintshwe kwisimo sezulu sendawo. Osemncane isithombo, kungcono. Kuhle kakhulu uma umuthi ubanjwa ngokuqondile ekuthengeni: ngale ndlela uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhulile kule ndawo.
Ngaphambi kokuthutha izimpande, zibophe nge-moss, indwangu ebomvu noma iphepha bese uwafaka ngokugqoka eplastiki ukuze ugcine umswakama.
Uma uthenga isithombo kumgodla, sihlole kusukela ngezansi bese uqinisekisa ukuthi kunezimpande ezincane eziphuma kuso.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ensimini kumele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka-4-6 m.
Ukuze kukhule kahle nokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla zama-apula, ukutshala emhlabathini ongathathi hlangothi, owenziwe kahle kunomusa kakhulu. ocebile nge-potassium kanye nodaba oluphilayo.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama ngokwanele. Indawo yokufika yokuthungatha isilungiselelo kusengaphambili, ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo indawo ilungiselelwe ekwindla. Uma inhlabathi ivundile, izihlahla zitshalwe emigodini.
Lapho ihamba, i-sandy sandy, ne-chernozems, kwanele ukususa ungqimba ophezulu womhlaba futhi yenza i-groove ku-15-20 cm. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, lungisa isikwele esikhulu umgodi ongama-80 cm ejulile faka umsila kuwo ukuze ugcine umswakama kanye nezakhi futhi umboze ngenhlabathi evundile.
Kulokhu, ukutshala kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngonyaka ozayo, ngokusungulwa komthetho wemifino yezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi (kodwa umanyolo wamaminerali, njengomquba omusha, awukwazi ukungezwa ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokutshala, lokhu kungabangela ukushisa).
Esihlabathini somhlabathi, esasenhlabathi nesihlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi senza umquba ophilayo - umquba, i-humus noma umquba obolile. Ukugaya, i-peat, kanye nezindawo ezinamanzi angaphansi kwamamitha angu-1, azifanelekile izihlahla ze-apula. Kulesi simo, izihlahla ze-apula zitshalwe ngobuningi begquma.
Ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo usebenzisa isikhonkwaneokuyinto eqhutshwa phakathi nendawo yomgodi wokufika. I-sapling isetshenziselwa isikhonkwane, izimpande ziqondiswa kahle futhi kancane kancane zimbozwe umhlaba.
Akufanele utshale umuthi ngokujulile, kuphazamise ukukhula kwawo futhi kungaholela ekufeni.
Umsila womsuka kufanele ube 3-5 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Ukufika okuphezulu kungalungiswa ngokugcwalisa umhlabathi ozungeza isiqu ngesimo segundane.
Masinyane emva kokutshala, isithombo siboshwe ngokubambisana nesikhonkwane futhi wanisela ngamabhakede amabili amanzi kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu. Ukunisela emaphethelweni emgodi kwenza imbobo. Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isuke, isihlahla siboshwe ngokucophelela, mhlawumbe ngosizo lwamaphegi amathathu.
Izihlahla ze-Apple, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela okuvamile.
Okokuqala kuqondene nezifunda ezomile. Ukugcina umswakama, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nge-sawdust, amagxolo, umquba noma ifilimu emnyama.
Entwasahlobo Amapulangwe apula amhlophe ukuvimbela ukushisa kwelanga.
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla susa amagatsha omile. Kuyinto engathandeki ukulimaza kakhulu lesi sihlahla ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba ukuphuma kwamanzi kungabangela amagatsha ukuba ame.
Ukwakheka komqhele kwenziwa kahle ekwindla.
Ngalokhu, ukunciphisa kanye nokunciphisa amagatsha kwenziwa.
Susa amagatsha owomile, amahlumela aphikisanayo, aqede izindawo ezinwebile zomqhele.
Umthetho ojwayelekile lapho usika izihlahla: ususe ukuncintisana ne-central trunk, amagatsha akhulayo ngokuhamba, eshiya enezingqimba.
Izigaba zimboza i-pitch pitch.
Ukusika iziqu ngokweqile akuyona into engathandeki, njengoba kuholela ekukhuleni okwandayo kwamahlumela amancane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izithelo namaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo zeNdodakazi yasePaprika medium scab ukumelana nezinye izifo ze-fungal. Leli banga ku kungatholakali nezifo uma kuqhathaniswa noPapirova, kodwa futhi kudinga izinambuzane ezigunyazayo nezinyathelo zokulawula izifo.
Scab kubukeka njengamabala amnyama nokukhula okuqala kuqala emaqabungeni, bese uya esithelweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo esingathandeki kunomthelela entwasahlobo yemvula.
Ngesikhathi esincane phakathi kwezihlahla ze-apula, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha, sisuka komunye umuthi siye kwenye. Ukuze uvikele ngokumelene nesiko, Phula izihlahla njalo ngezilungiselelo ezikhethekile.
Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu yilezi: "I-Healthy Garden", "Charm", "Zircon".
Lesi yisizukulwane esisha semikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, esingenabungozi kubantu.
Kudikibala kakhulu sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla zamakhemikhali "Nitrofen" kanye nezinye izinhlayiya ezivinjelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokulima kanye nezakhiwo eziseduze zokuhlala.
Ukuze silwe nezilokazane ezibulala izinambuzane ezigubha emagqabeni ezihlahla, ukugaya imhlophe kwenziwa ekwindleni esomile.
Lo mcimbi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubamba ezindaweni eziseningizimu, kanye nasezindaweni lapho kukhona khona ama-thaws ebusika.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene zeNdodakazi yasePaprika ukulimala ekuqaleni, isivuno esiphezulu nobunzima bebusika. Ama-apula ayinambitheka futhi ahlanzekile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nePapirovka, kodwa amancane.
Izinkinga zihlanganisa usayizi omncane wesithelo ekuvuneni okuphezulu kanye ukuphikisana okuphakathi ukukala.
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