Lezi apula ezinomzimba zidumile emhlabeni.
Ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-vanilla ukhilimu, iphunga elimnandi futhi elibushelelezi, elimhlophe lihlukanisa kahle UJonathan phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo.
Ikhiqizwa emigqumeni emikhulu, okwenza kube njalo isivakashi emashalofini ethu.
Abakhiqizi abaningi bakhetha lokhu okuhlukahlukene ngamajusi abo kanye namajamu ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo. Apple Jonathan, incazelo yakhe ephelele nesithombe - esihlokweni sethu.
Uhlobo luni?
Jonathan - ezihlukahlukene ukuvuthwa kwekwindla ephakathi.
Ngendlela ehlukile, ibizwa ngokuthi: Khoroshavka ubusika, Ubusika obomvu, Oslamovskoye.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zihlukahlukene zithandwa kakhulu I-North Caucasus futhi ensimini Of Ukraine. Ezimweni ezifudumele kanye nobusika obukhulu, ama-apula anesikhathi sokuvuthwa kahle.
Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, lezi zihlahla ubusika buqinile ngokwanele - ukhulula ukhuni. UJonathan kuhle ukukhiqiza ama-apula izimboni zezimboni.
Izinhlobo ze-autumn zifaka: i-dessert Petrova, Long (Kitaika), iZhigulevskoe, Imrus, i-Kalvil iqhwa, i-Carpet, i-Assumption, i-Young Naturalist, Isipho kubalimi, i-Pepin safffron, i-Freshness, i-Scala, i-Ural bulk, i-Torch.
Ukuvota
Apple Jonathan - self-fertilekodwa ngaphandle kwama-pollinator ukukhiqiza kuyoba kubi nakakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zihle kakhulu njengezivolontiya: iMegintosh, i-Melba, iSimirenko, i-champagne ye-Rennet, i-Welsey, i-Idared.
Tshala enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo eduze kwe-apula umuthi uJonathan, uma ingakhula esakhiweni esiseduze. Uma kungekho ithuba lokutshala eziningi zezihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo, bese ukhulula u-graft emgqeni.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Jonathan
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo.
Usayizi wemithi yabantu abadala isilinganisoumqhele unesisindo ngokwanele ububanzi obubanzi. Amagatsha asuka e-trunk engxenyeni ye-obtuse, ubukhulu bomqhele buphakathi.
Amagatsha ngaphansi kwesisindo sesivuthi esivuthiwe ngokuvamile agxile phansi. Amaqabunga ayingayizi ephakathi, awn kancane emaphethelweni, ubuso beshidi yi-matte. I-pubescence encane yamaqabunga unikeza umqhele isicu se-bluish.
Izithelo ezilinganiselwe, isikhumba esibushelelezi, esicwebezelayo. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-apula singama-100-150 amagremu. Umbala oyinhloko wesikhumba uhlaza, ubomvu bubomvu obujulile futhi ngezinye izikhathi buhlanganisa yonke indawo yesithelo.
Isikhumba sincane kakhulu, kodwa sinomsoco futhi sivikela kahle izithelo emonakalweni womshini. Ama-apula agcina ukubukeka okukhangayo isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukuhamba.
Ngesikhatsi sokuvuna, inyama ihlanzekile nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; emaapula avuthiwe kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphakathi Ukunambitheka okunomusa nokumnandi cishe akufani nokumuncu.
Ngesilinganiso se-5-point, uJonathan uyathayipha 4.5 amaphuzu. Ama-apula amnandi kokubili efomu elisha kanye nokupheka ama-compotes kanye nama-jams. Ezohwebo, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kokusetshenziswa kwempahla ye-powder futhi njengezinto zewayini.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula we-vintage uJonathan weza kithi ENyakatho Melikalapho kwakhiwa khona ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ngokukhethwa kwezihlahla ze-apula I-Aesop futhi Spitzenburg (okwamanje ayithandwayo).
Ngokombiko wesibili, ezihlukahlukene zibizwa ngegama Jonathan hingley. Umkakhe Rachel hingley balethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zendawo yaseConnecticut ezazisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-cider.
Ngokwesisekelo salokhu, uJonathan wabamba izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane, phakathi kwazo ezidumile ezifana UJonagold, uJonared, uNdunankulu, uMcFrey kanye nabanye.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Umsebenzi wokuqala wokuzalanisa ngezinto ezikhiqizwayo e-Ohio (USA). Isimo sezulu sesimo sezwe sinomusa ebusika izinga lokushisa alifaneli liwe ngaphansi kwe-degrees -1, ehlobo liyashisa.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zihlahla zama-apula azibekezeleli ukushisa kwama-frosty, zidinga isimo sezulu eduze nendawo yokuqala yokukhula.
Kusukela ngo-1954 Izihlahla ze-apula zikaJonathan zenziwe ngaphesheya Ukraine. Endaweni yeRussia ikhula kuphela I-North Caucasus.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo nazo zifanelekile ukutshala kule ndawo: i-Golden Delicious, i-Augusta, iPapirovka, i-Malinovka, i-Belifleur Kitayka, i-Yandykovskoe, i-Starkrimson, i-Spartan, i-Prima, i-Uslada, i-Yuzhny, i-Quinti, i-Korea, iCinnamon, i-Amazing.
Ukuthela
Izihlahla ze-Apple skoroplodnyeunike ukuvunwa ngonyaka 6okungavamile ku-4-5. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yesithelo iboshelwe (nge-pollination yamahhala). Unyaka ngamunye umkhiqizo ukhula; Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane zinikeza cishe u-20 kg wezithelo.
Izihlahla ezifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu zikhiqiza isivuno sonyaka 30-40 kilogram.
Izibonelo zomuntu ngamunye zishaya irekhodi ukuvuna 300 - 400 kg!
Isikhathi sokuvuna - kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ama-apula kaJonathan angagcinwa kuze ku-March esimweni sokugcina emasimini akhethekile, kepha ngokuvamile bayomisa futhi bahlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okubabayo.
UJonathan wagcina efrijini kuze kube phakathi-kungenzeka.
Ukushisa okungcono kokugcina yi-degrees 2-3 ngaphezu kwe-zero.
Ama-apula angcono kakhulu agcinwe ema-pallet, aswakanyiswa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa esiqandisini.
Ngomswakama we-90 -95% izithelo zihlala zimanzi futhi zingalahleki isikhumba.
Ephakeme izinga lokushisa lokugcina, ngokushesha ukuvuthwa kwesithelo kuzokwenzeka, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukulondoloza ama-apula kuze kube entwasahlobo, khetha ukugcinwa ezimweni ezibandayo.
Uma ama-apula kufanele avuthwe ebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, angagcinwa ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi ematayini akhethekile.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ibanga ngokugcwele lizofanelekela kokubili ukutshala engadini yangasese, kanye nokuthutha okuningi kokusetshenziswa kwezebhizinisi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula esiqhingini, qinisekisa ukuthi isimo sezulu sinomoya obumnene endaweni yakho.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zesikhathi sokuvuna kuzothuthela kusukela ngoSeptember kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Izithombo zeJonathan zingcono ukuthenga ezindaweni ezikhethekile.
Usayizi omkhulu we-sapling ngamasentimitha angama-80.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala sihlobo.kodwa hhayi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
I-Apple tree Jonathan Gold ukufika endaweni engamakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izithombo ezincane zidinga ukuvikelwa elangeni nelomoya oshisayo - zifake umthunzi ngamagatsha noma ngendwangu.
Umuthi uqala kahle ngokukhanya kwelanga, awuthandi shading. Umhlaba uthanda loamy noma isihlabathi.
Uma uhlela ukuvuna isivuno esikhulu emthini wakho we-apula, qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi intsha. Emhlabathini ompofu, ama-apula azokwehla futhi badle amagatsha.
Uma izwe uJonathan ekhula ngalo lingavundi, ukudla okungeziwe kuyadingeka. Ngenkathi yesomiso Ukunisela okudingekayo okudingekayo.
Ukuphoqwa kwezihlahla zemithi yama-apula. Izihlahla ze-Apple ezithengiwe ku-nursery, zithengise kuphela ngonyaka wesibili.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuzivikela, awukwazi ukwesaba lesi sifo. Izinkinga ezinkulu zikaJonathani ezihlukahlukene - izinkuni eziqhwas futhi i-powdery isikhutha.
Izinkuni ezindala ezinamafutha ezidala ziholela esikhaleni nasembuthweni, ngakho-ke lapho ubikezela ubusika obubandayo, ubeka izingodo ngaphezulu.
Kuyafaneleka okuhle ukubopha igatsha lomuthi we-coniferouskanye nomhlanga.
Umama we-Mealy ungakunqanda ngokuphelele isivuno sakho.Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ukuvimbela ukuvimbela lesi sifo.
Isiza ukufiphala kwe-fungicide (imvamisa ephakanyisiwe izikhathi ezintathu ehlobo). Ngokudla izitshalo nge-potash kanye ne-phosphate fertilizer, uzokwenza umuthi ube namandla futhi ugweme izifo.
Uma uthola izimpawu zokutheleleka emithini yakho ye-apula, kuzosiza sishaye i-oxychloride ithusi, ikhambi lama-manganese, isisombululo sesephu ne-soda ash.
Ukuvama kwenqubo enjalo - njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-3-4 kuze kuphele ukuqedwa kwezimpawu zesifo.
Uma unquma ukukhula uJonathani izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, izithelo ezinkulu ezinhle ziyoba umvuzo ofanelekayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezikhulayo, isivuno sakho sezithelo se-apple sizokhiqiza isivuno esikhulu iminyaka eminingi.
Buka ividiyo mayelana ne-powdery isikhutha nokuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nayo.
