Isihlahla se-Apple Bryansk uthole ukuthandwa kwayo ubusika hardiness kanye nokuzivikela emzimbeni.
Ukuhlukahluka kuhlukile isivuno esikhulu kanye nesilinganiso esihle sokusinda.
Incazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-apula Bryansk, izici zokulima nokukhathalela, izithombe zezithelo nokuningi okuningi - lapha.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Apple ehlukahlukene i-Bryansk ibhekisela kuwo izinhlobo zakuqala zasebusika.
Inikeza isitshalo esifanele ukuqoqa ekugcineni Ngo-September-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Impilo yesheluli isithelo esiphakeme, ama-apula agcinwa futhi afanele ukusetshenziswa. kuze kuFebhuwari.
Isondlo sinconywa kumaseli kanye nezindlu zangaphansi.
KUBALULEKILE: Uma indawo yokugcina ingabikho emakhazeni, kuyadingeka ukuyifudumele, ngoba ama-apula angaqala ukubola kusukela emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngesikhathi sokufudumala.
Izinhlobo zasebusika nazo zihlanganisa: I-Odared, i-Golden Delicious, i-Winter Pear, i-Fuji ne-Rozhdestvenskoe.
Ukuvota
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Bryansk ayidingi impova yokuphoqelekaekwazi bear izithelo yedwa. Uma unquma ukutshala ezinye izihlahla, kutuswa ukuba uhlanganise nezinhlobo zasebusika.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Bryansky
Izinhlobo ze-Apple-Bryansky sredneroslaya, izithelo zokulinganisa okulinganiselwe. Cabanga okuningi.
I-Apple Bryansk ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezinayo ukuphakama okuphakathi, ihlukile ngesivinini sokwakhiwa kwesiqu kanye nesihlalo sobukhosi.
Umqhele owenziwe unomumo ohlangene. Amahlamvu ukulinganisa okulinganiselwe. Amagatsha aphuthuma, ngoba ingxenye enkulu igoba ayisekho.
Amagxolo emagatsheni amancane ashelelezi, enokuchichima okwesibhakabhaka. Amagatsha akhula nge-angle obtuse.
Amaqabunga aphezulu kakhulu, abe nesimo se-oval, emaphethelweni afakwe kahle, i-tip ishintshela emoyeni.
Ipuleti leqabunga liyizicabha, ezindaweni ezinamathele kancane, ifihlekile ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ziyi-conical, i-fleecy.
Izithelo ze-apula izinhlobo ze-Bryansk ziyahlukahluka ubukhulu obukhulu noma obuphakathiNgokuvamile mass kuyinto cishe amagremu angu-150. Kwezinye izimo ifinyelela amagremu angu-300.
Ama-apula anesimo esizungezile, ubukhulu obulodwa bukhona, ukukhwabanisa okubuthakathaka. Esikhunjeni se-apula kunesifo esibomvu, kodwa umbala oyinhloko luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ubuso bezithelo bubushelelezi, bube ne-sheen ephazimulayo. Ubuningi bomdanso olinganiselwe nombala omhlophe, ukunambitheka okumnandi okumuncu. Isithelo sinomsoco futhi sinempepho.
Izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zezithelo nazo zingaziqhenya ezinjalo: April, Aphrodite, Aport, Orlik neSkrini.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe edolobheni laseBryansk. Umfuzi A.I. I-Astakhov wawela ifomu le-hybrid SR0523 nebanga I-Winner.
Lapho bewela, babefuna ukuthola ezihlukahlukene ezingagcini nje kuphela izimo ezibandayo kakhulu, kodwa futhi neziko. Umsebenzi usuphelile.
Indawo yokuzalwa nokusatshalaliswa
Izinhlobonhlobo zibanjwe kahle ensimini IBashkiria, i-Urals Southern kanye nesifunda saseRyazan, bekhuthaze ngempumelelo eminye yemvula ebanda kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, ezihlukahlukene ziye zasakazeka eRussia, eBelarus, e-Ukraine.
Kulezi zindawo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-apula zikhulile ngempumelelo: u-Augustus, Antonovka ovamile, uGranny Smith, uJonathan no-Aport.
Ukuthela
Ukuhlukahluka kuhlukile ukukhulelwa kanye nokwanda komkhiqizo. Isithelo sokuqala esingasetshenziswa, sinikeza Unyaka wezi-3-4 wokuphila.
Ihluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo. inqwaba, njalo izitshalo zonyaka. Lapho isihlahla sisebenza ngokugcwele, isivuno semithi esitshalwe ngehektha ngalinye yilokhu: kusuka ku-270 kuya ku-350 abalingani / ha.
Ikhwalithi ephezulu emakethe yezithelo izinika ukuthengiswa okuhle, ngaphandle kwalokho, izithelo zihanjiswa kalula futhi, ngokuya ngezimo ezidingekayo, zigcinwa kuze kube nguFebhuwari.
Izitshalo eziphakeme zibuye zihluke nezinhlobo: Venyaminovsky, Vityaz, Dessert Petrova, Elena no-Imrus.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-apula Bryansk wenza okujwayelekile, njengezinye izinhlobo.
KUBALULEKILE: Khetha imbewu ye-apple-tree nge-smooth trunk futhi, uma kungenzeka, ngaphandle kwezimpande ezomile kakhulu. Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezisontekile kanye nezimpande ezomile, zande futhi zikhule kakhulu.
Lapho ukhetha isayithi lokutshala, gwema labo okuthunjwa khona nezinye izihlahla. Inqubo yokukhula kwe-apula ukukhanya okuphezulu kudingekile.
Ukuze kuqedwe amathuba okuphula lesi sihlahla ngomoya omningi, khetha indawo ekhona ngecala elincane.
Ibanga elivela kwamanye ama-apula kufanele libe cishe amamitha amane.
Igodi lokutshala kumele ligcwaliswe ngomanyolo. Amanani aphakanyisiwe: Ibhakede elilodwa lama-humus, 1 kg we-umanyolo wamaminerali, 700 g lomlotha.
Umanyolo uxutshwe futhi uncibilikiswe emigqeni emgodini wokutshala.
Uma utshalwa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zizama ukuhlaselwa phansi, ngenxa yalokhu insimu encane yobumba idalwe emgodini, lapho isithombo "siswa khona".
KUBALULEKILE: Uma izimpande zithatha phezulu, umuthi ngeke ukwazi ukudla kahle futhi kukhona ithuba lokuthi uzothola ukushisa.
Kubalulekile ukumboza umhlaba kancane kancane, ungqimba ngendlala. Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo yomuthi ihlala ivulekile, ukubola okungenjalo kungaqala.
Ukudubula. Ukukhula kwezinkuni kumele kubekwe umkhawulo ngokweqile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhipha lawo magatsha asenamahlumela amadala, emva kokukhipha i-apula izokukhula, amahlumela amancane. Ukunciphisa kakhulu ithuthukisa izinga nobuningi besitshalo.
May no-Ephreli benza ama-sprays amabili. izixazululo ze-prophylactic zezinambuzane nezifo.
Isikhathi sokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi lapho amaqabunga ekhula khona, okwesibili - ngokubonakala kwefihlekile.
Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukondla i-urea, i-nitrate nomlotha.
Incomo: ukutshala izihlahla ngotshani noma i-clover, khona-ke umswakama uzohlala isikhathi eside.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Umdlavuza nomdlavuza omnyama. Isifo esiyingozi esiyisifo sofuba. Ezimweni eziphambili kuthinta isihlahla esiqwini, izimpande nezithelo.
Ibonakala ngezilonda zamanoni kuqala esihlahleni, bese kuthi izimpande. Kukhona namacala okukhula. Izingxenye ezithintekayo ze-cortex zidlula, futhi izilonda azigcini.
Ukwelashwa: Okokuqala, izingxenye ezithintekayo - amagxolo, abomvu, nezithelo - ezikhishwe futhi zishiswa ngaphandle kwendawo engadini.
I-TIP: Sika izingxenye ezithintekayo ngommese obukhali, ubambe izicubu ezinempilo, ngoba ukutheleleka kungase kungabonakali ngokushesha futhi lesi sifo sizobuyela futhi.
Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kusho ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane: isisombululo se-2% se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sigcoba izindawo ezimele ngemuva kokususwa kwezindawo ezithathelwanayo, bese kuhlanzwa nge-decoction engadini.
Izithelo zibola. Naphezu kokuthi iBryanskoye ivikelekile, lokhu kuhloswe kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngesithelo sokubola.
Umthombo wokutheleleka yizithelo zonyaka odlule, ezazihlanganiswe ngesikhunta futhi azange zisuswe ngesikhathi esingaphansi komuthi.
Emva kokutheleleka, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kukhona ukubola okukhulu kwezithelo ezingakafiki ukuvuthwa okugcwele.
Ukubola kuqala kudala i-speck encane ebomvu, ekugcineni isakazeka kuyo yonke indawo ye-apula.
Ukwelashwa: Kulula ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuzivikela kunokwelapha.
Ngemuva kwe-fruiting ngayinye, kubalulekile ukuhlanza ngokucophelela insimu, kungabandakanyi ithuba lokubola izithelo ezingatholakali.
Izithelo ezibolile zishiswa. Uma phakathi nesikhathi esithela izithelo ezingakafiki esihlahleni, izimpawu zesifo ziyatholakala, kufanele futhi zivunwe futhi zishiswe, futhi umuthi we-apula uphathwe nge-Bordeaux ingxube noma izithako zalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlayiya: Indodakazi Pepinchik, ama-Uralets, i-Hero yoSuku, iStroyevskoe no-Rennet Chernenko.
I-Phyllosticosis I-agent causative ama-mushroom spores. Kubonakala ezindaweni ezincane ezimnyama, okungekho ukwelashwa okuthinta wonke amahlamvu enempilo.
Ama-mushroom overwinters emaqabungeni awile, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kunomthelela omkhulu kumswakama.
Ukwelashwa: Ukubhujiswa kwamaqabunga awile ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu, ukuhlwitha izihlahla ngesisombululo se-urea ngamaphesenti amahlanu ngesikhathi sanda futhi siwa.
Ukupompa okuphindiwe kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqedwa kwezimbali. Uma kwenzeka ukutholakala kwesifo sesivele esihlahleni, amaqabunga agula aphule futhi ashise, izinyathelo ziyafana.
Ungakhohlwa ngezinambuzane zasegadini. uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifika ngesikhathi ngokumelene ne-sapod, i-moth, i-apple moth, ama-silkworms kanye nama-haws kanye nokuvuna kwakho kuzohlale kuhamba kahle.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula Bryansk inezinzuzo eziningi ezanele, phakathi kwazo yi-fruiting yonyaka, inqwaba yesitshalo kanye ne-prostate ekunakekeleni.
Ikakhulukazi efanelekile kulawo mazwe lapho ubusika bubanda khona.
Kodwa kukhona nokulimala okuphawulekayo kwalokhu okuzalisayo okuthola: umuthi we-apula awunamatheli ekuvuneni izithelo, ngakho-ke kuyodinga ukunakwa okuvuthiwe kokuvuna konyaka kwezithelo ezingafaneleki.
