Ngokuvamile i-anthracnosis ivela ezindaweni ezinayo isimo sezulu esifudumele nesomuncu: eningizimu yeRussia, eMoldova, e-Ukraine nase-Asia Ephakathi. Muva nje, wabonakala eseBelarus nasezindaweni eziphakathi.
Lesi yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esithinta ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zemagilebhisi ezingamelana nezifo kanye ne-oidium futhi zingelashwa nge-fungicides. I-Anthracnose iyahlasela zonke izingxenye zesitshalo: amahlumela, amaqabunga namajikijolo. Ungaphuthelwa kanjani izimpawu zesifo futhi uzibone esiteji sokuqala?
Izimpawu ze-anthracnose yamagilebhisi
Uma ungaqali ngesikhathi sokufeza izinyathelo zokuvimbela, khona-ke kukhona amathuba okuvela kwalesi sifo esingathandeki. Okokuqala, amaqabunga anthracnose athintekile. Okokuqala, zimbozwa amachashazi amnyama amnyama, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi aphenduke amabala amancane afanayo nomngcele omnyama.
Ngenxa yalezi zindawo, lesi sifo sithole elinye igama: I-pox yamagilebhisi noma i-anthracnose esetshenzisiwe.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, la mabala aqala ukuvela emahlumela. Iningi liyakwazi ukutheleleka amaqabunga amancane neziqu.
Lezi zimpawu zikhula masinyane, zihlanganisa cishe yonke indawo yeshidi, futhi zithole umthunzi omnyama ongcolile. Amaqabunga awonakele amile futhi aqhume. Akukhona nje ukuvunwa okuhlupheka, isitshalo esivame ukugula sifa nje.
Amahlumela abathintekile zimbozwe isikhathi eside izindawo ezimnyamalokho kuhluma ngaphakathi, kwanda futhi kube mnyama. Izindawo ezithintekile ziqala ukuphazamiseka. Esikhathini sesomiso eside, amahlumela aphumele futhi aphule, futhi esimweni sezulu esimanzi sibola. Ngokuvame ukuhlupheka nge-anthracnose Amagilebhisi omvini, ama-crests nama-inflorescences.
Ngesifo samaqoqo, amajikijolo avela e-concave ngaphakathi kwendawo egcwele umbala obomvu nekhanda le-violet. Ngenxa yendlela engavamile yalezi zindawo, i-anthracnose ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iso lenyoni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amajikijolo aqhekeka, asomile futhi awa.
I-anthracnose iyasakazeka ngokushesha futhi ingaphazamisa kuze kufike ku-80% yesitshalo sonke. Ukubhekana nalokhu kunzima kakhulu, kungcono ukungavumeli ukubonakala kwesifo.
Izimbangela zokugula
I-Anthracnose ikhona isifo sofungal. I-pathogen yayo ingaphila kulesi sitshalo isikhathi eside, cishe eminyakeni engu-5-6 futhi ingabonakali ngokwayo, kuze kufike iphuzu elithile. I-fungus overwinters emahlumela kanye namaqabunga futhi avuse ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-Anthracnose isheshe isebenze emswakama ophezulu futhi t cishe + 25-35ะก.
Ukugqugquzela ukubonakala kwalo nakho kusebenza:
- izimvula ezinkulu nesichotho;
- ukulimala kwamakhambi kumahlumela lapho ukusika izihlahla ezingafanele;
- ukungabi namanyolo we-potassium phosphate;
- umhlabathi omuncu noma omuncu.
Isithombe
Izindlela zokulwa
Indlela yokuphatha, uma lesi sifo singenakugwema? Kubalulekile ukususa ngokushesha nokushisa wonke amaqabunga abathintekile kanye namahlumela bese uphatha lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo se-3% se-Bordeaux ingxube. Ukufafaza kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe lapho amahlumela efinyelela ubude buka-7-10 cm, kanti okwesibili ngemva kwamasonto amabili, kepha ngesisombululo se-1%.
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidakamizwa ziyawa eceleni kweshidikodwa ayizange igele phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhle ukusebenzisa amasprayers ngezimbobo ezincane. Ukwelashwa kungcono ukufezwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa ukugwema ukushisa kwelanga.
Ngeshwa izikhambi zabantu ekulwa nalesi sifo akusizi, futhi uma lesi sifo sisebenza, kuzodingeka usebenzise "izikhali ezinzima" - i-fungicides esebenzayo. Ukubhekana ngokugcwele ne-anthracnose i-Ridomil, i-Abiga-Peak, i-Fundazol, iKartotsid, i-Ordan, i-Skor ne-Acrobat.
Muva nje, ukwelashwa kwamagilebhisi anthracnose sekusetshenziswa kakhulu. amalungiselelo eziphilayo: Gaupsin, Mikosan no-Planriz. Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ngekhasi lezinsuku ezingu-10-14 futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unciphisa ukutshala kwesitshalo. Yebo, futhi-ke, ungakhohlwa mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwesifo, kubalulekile ukunakekela kahle isivini. Akufanele kuvunyelwe ukuqina kwehlathi.
Kudingekile ukuthi usebenze ngesikhathi sokunciphisa kanye nesiteji. Amathuluzi nemishini kumele ilashwe ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate. Isixazululo esifanayo singacutshungulwa kanye namaqabunga omvini.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokubilisa izimbali, kubalulekile ukupakisha ingxube ye-Bordeaux engu-1 noma i-oxychloride yethusi. Emva kwamasonto amabili ukuphathwa kuphindaphindiwe. Ukuvotela nge-sulfur powder kusiza kahle.
Ekwindla ukusika izihlahla zonke izingxenye ezikude zesitshalo ziyashiswa. Soil njalo njalo ikhululiwewanisela futhi ahambelana. Qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa umquba obunzima, obuningi be-calcium ne-phosphorus, ukumba phakathi kwemigqa bese ubhubhisa ukhula. Ngemuva kwezinvula ezinkulu nesichotho, ingxube ye-Bordeaux noma i-fungicides iphathwa ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo ezinokulimaza
Ngokuvamile zihlushwa izinhlobo ze-anthracnose ezifana nalezi:
- I-Lydia;
- I-Viorica;
- Ama-Muromets;
- Isabella;
- UDanko;
- Karaburnu;
- I-pink dniester;
- Husayne;
- Vierul
Ukungatholakali kancane kwezinhlobo zokutheleleka:
- Riesling;
- Umhlophe mhlophe;
- I-Cabernet Sauvignon;
- Saperavi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo zemagilebhisi azithintekile yi-mildew, i-gray gray kanye ne-oidium ingase ikwazi ukuthola i-anthracnose. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukufeza izinyathelo zokuvimbela njalo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isivini sinempilo, sinakekelwa kahle.
Anthracnose - isifo esibiokuyinto engabulala isivini sonke esikhathini ezinsukwini. Uma izifunda ezahlukana ngaphambili zihlupheka ngenxa yalesi simo esibi, ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomngcwabo, manje ukubonakala kwendawo kuqhubeka kukhula futhi akukho ndlela yokwenza ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela.
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