I-apple isihlahla sesithelo esasakazeke kakhulu ezweni lethu. Ngokuqinisekile kuyo yonke ingadi ikhula okungenani umuthi owodwa we-apula.
Lesi sitshalo sesithelo sithandwa kakhulu futhi ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, naseNyakatho. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu yizinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile zezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula, ezivumelaniswe nezimo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Incazelo yezici ze-apula Isihlahla se-Borovinka, izici zokutshala nokunakekelwa, izithombe zezithelo nokuthi umuthi we-apula ubheka kanjani kamuva esihlokweni.
Luhlobo luni olubhekisela
I-apula yezihlahla ezihlukahlukene Borovinka wafuna uthando lwezwe nokusabalalisa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia, kodwa nakakhulu kunemingcele yayo.
Ezweni ngalinye, abalimi banika igama le-apula ngendlela yabo: Udoti wase-Oldenburg, iKharlamovka, Bravina, uKharlamovskoe, iBorovitskaya.
Kunamagama amaningi, kodwa okuhlukile - manje sizozama ukuqonda izici zalo, sihamba ngezici eziyinhloko.
Borovinka - inhlobonhlobo ekwindla ye-apula izihlahla, yiziphi izithelo njalo ngonyaka eziqala ekupheleni kwehlobo bese kuphele ekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Kodwa imigomo yesithelo sokuvuthwa ingahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isifunda se-apula ukulima.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, izinsuku zokuvuthwa ziphakathi naphakathi kwehlobo; emgwaqeni ophakathi - ekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Izinhlobo ze-apple ze-Autumn zihlanganisa: i-Volzhanka, uJonathan, i-Petrova Dessert, i-Long (isiShayina), i-Zhigulevskoe, i-Imrus, iKalvil Snow, i-Cinnamon entsha, i-Young Naturalist, i-Uslada, i-Uspenskoe, i-Prima, Isipho kubalimi, i-Pepin Shafranny, i-Freshness, i-Scala, i-Flashlight, i-Eerone , Yantar, u-Aelita.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka
Lapha sichaza i-Borovinka kusukela emhlabathini kuze kube umqhele.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zeBorovinka, isihlahla ngokwawo singakwazi futhi sifike izindawo eziphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-4.5.
Round, umqhele okhululekile ububanzi obungaba ngu-5.6 m.
Amagatsha akatholakali ekhoneni, aphuma esitokisini e-angeni ebangeni eliphakathi kwama-30 kuya ku-45 degrees.
Ubuso obukhulu, ukukhanya okulula - okunjalo isakhiwo sabo; enemibala - eluhlaza nge-tinge emnyama. Igxolo inombala womnqumo.
Amahlumela asundu omnyama (kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), ama-buds asungulwa kahle, ama-interstices okukhula aphihliwe kancane, kunalokho amancane, ngokuvamile ahlala isikhathi eside.
Amaqabunga anomumo obanzi oval, kukhona ithopho elifushane elibukhali, ubuso bunobuso obuhlaza, obumnyama obumbala.
Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, isici esithile esiyingqayizivele yizinto ezibonakalayo emaqabunga (ama-dents) anesisindo se-pea. Ngokuphathelene nehlumela, amaqabunga ayakhula ngezinga elingama-degree angu-90.
Inflorescences - isambulela. Izimbali eziphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezimhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi ziveza i-hue pink pink.
I-pistil yembali iyingcosana, efana nobukhulu obufana ne-anthers, ifakwe kancane emhlabeni wonke, ishicilela kakhulu endaweni yefoloko.
Manje, ukuzitholela esivinini sesithelo se-apula, ungakwazi ukubona kalula i-boletus phakathi kwezihlahla zezinye izinhlobo. Futhi amagama ambalwa mayelana nembewu nezithelo, ukuze ukuqashelwa kube ngaphezulu.
Ubujamo obulungileko bomthamo weBorovinka bunobuso obubusheleleko begodu bukhanyise ngokulinganako elangeni. Ama-apula amakhulu kakhulu, ikhulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso (esilinganisa cishe amagremu angu-90 ngamunye).
KUBALULEKILE! Ama-apula aseBorovinka amakhulu futhi anzima, ngakho-ke kukhona amacala avamile lapho amagatsha engabambi, futhi ama-apula awe.
I-fruit pulp iyamanzi, ithambile, iyabuhlungu, i-granular. Iphuzi ne-pinkish stains umbala we-fetus awuvamile, iningi liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngaphezulu - i-wax encane yokugqoka, kanti isikhumba sesithelo sisomile futhi sibhebhezela.
Isiqu ngokuvamile siba mncane futhi sinde, sihlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala. Imbewu ingumnyama omnyama.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula I-Borovinka inhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni "kusukela egatsheni", ehlanzekile ngqo, futhi ibuye ifanele ukuvuna, ibe ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi ukucubungula (ukomisa, ukucubungula amajusi, ujamu, iwayini).
Sithole nje ukuthi i-apula ibonakala kanjani manje, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhuluma ukuthi yaba kanjani: umlando wendalo kanye nendawo yokusabalalisa.
KUBALULEKILE! Izithelo zithenda, zithuthwa, ngakho zigcinwe kahle kuze kube phakathi nobusika.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Kuze kube yilolu suku, awaziwa kahle kanjani ukuthi isihlahla se-aporovinka savela kanjani. Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaziwumphumela wokukhethwa kukazwelonke.
Kukhona inguqulo elandelayo: I-Tula yaseJalimane negama elithi Bravin lakhula ngokujulile la ma-apula - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazibizwa ngokuthi udumo futhi zaqanjwa ngamagama.
Umbono ohlukile: Igama elithi Borovinka ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "i-boron apple", okungukuthi, eyakhulela ehlathini le-pine (i-coniferous forest).
Indawo yokuzalwa nokusatshalaliswa
Ukuhlukahluka kweBorovinka kubonakala kakhulu indawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa.
ERussia, ukulima kwayo okukhulu kubonakala kuningi izindawo ezisemaphandleni e-Krasnodar Territory, eCaucasus naseStvropol esifundeni.
Ukungafani kwezihlahla ze-apula yilokho okuhlukahluka ngokuphelele unesizotha futhi kuzo zonke izingqimba zaseRussia ikhula ngokuphumelelayo futhi iveza izithelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zezulu.
Manje, njengoba sitshele ngomuthi nesithelo, sekuyisikhathi sokutshela ukuthi zingaphi ama-apula esingayithola kusuka eBorovinka.
Ukuthela
Njengoba sekushiwo, iBorovinka - i-apula, izithelo zazo uvuthwe njalo ngonyaka ekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala.
Ukungalungi kwezihlukahlukene kuy imvamisa ye-fruiting yayo. Abalimi kufanele bangakhohlwa ukuthi ukuze kuvunwe minyaka yonke, kufanele kukhule izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula ensimini.
Izihlahla ze-borovinka ze-apula zibhekwa yi izitshalo eziphakeme kanye nokuqapha.
Izithelo ezinjalo azikwazi ukudliwa futhi zicutshungulwe.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvunwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
Yiqiniso, ngokushesha ngemuva kokususwa, ufuna ukudla ngokushesha i-apula kaBorovink, kodwa kuqaphela ukuthi ngemuva kweviki ngemuva kokuqoqwa, izimfanelo zokunambitheka zivezwe ngokucacile.
isivuno high izinhlobo ezahlukene kuka-Awugustu, Antonovka yokusaswidi Gala, Grushovka ebusika, Cinnamon ezimthende, Papirovka, Antaeus, Lyubava, Kuibyshev, indodakazi Pepinchika, Apple Spas, Bellefleur Kitaika, Phoenix Altay, Uralets, White ukugcwaliswa, Lobo, Yandykovskoe, Isimangaliso, Welsy , Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, i-Sun, i-Ural Bulk, i-Carpet.
Isitoreji
Ngemva kokuvuna umbuzo ozwakalayo: ukugcina isithelo kanjani?
Njengoba iBorovinka ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zekwindla yama-apula, ngokunakekelwa kahle, ama-apula ingase ilale kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba - Disemba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithelo zifakwa emigqeni, ugobe phansi, emabhokisini amakhadibhodi noma amabhokisi enkuni.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izikhala phakathi kwamabhodi zilahlekile noma zincane kakhulu. Imigqa ibekwa phakathi kwezihlahla ze-sawdust ezinkuni. Kungenzeka futhi ukugcina izikhwama zepulasitiki ezimisiwe kusukela ekungeneni kwamapulazi.
Uma i-apple ye-Borovinka ingahlali engadini yakho okwamanje, kodwa usuvele uhlele ukuthenga izithombo, khona-ke ulwazi olulandelayo luzokwamukeleka kakhulu.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Cabanga ngezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko lapho uthenga izithombo:
Izithombo zalolu hlobo zihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa lokuqala lingabonakali emhlabathini noma emoyeni.
Ezimweni eziningi, lapho ukhetha ama-saplings, okuthandayo kunikezwa izitshalo ze-biennial.
Ukukhetha indawo: Isigaba sokuqala ukukhanya okwanele.
Kodwa amagxolo omuthi angonakaliswa ukukhanya kwelanga, yingakho ukutshala izithombo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula kukhiqizwa ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya ngelanga eliqondile kungamahora ambalwa ngosuku.
Umhlaba I-Apple Borovinka ikhetha inhlabathi enamandla emswakama. I-Loamy, inhlabathi enesihlabathi neyezikhukhula kufanelekile, kanye ne-cherched neached.
I-Boletus ingalinywa emhlabathini onesihlabathi, kodwa ngokucophelela (ukukhulelwa ngezikhathi ezithile). Kumele kube nobuningi be-acidity yenhlabathi - pH 5.6 ... 6.0.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba. Umquba nama-humus, esimweni sethu, umanyolo omuhle kakhulu wezwe.
Ukutshala izithombo. Uhlelo lomhlabathi kufanele lugcwalise uhlelo lwempande ngokuphelele, phezulu kufanele kube phansi phansi ngezinyawo.
Lapho utshala emhlabathini akusimukelekile izithombo ze-apula ezingavumelekile. Umsila womsuka (indawo lapho impande idlula khona esihlahleni) qiniseka ukuthi u-5-7 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba.
Umuthi osanda kuhlwanyelwa kumele uphuziswa ngamabhakede amabili amanzi.
Njengoba usitshale lesi sitshalo, akufanele sikhohlwe ngokusinakekela.
I-Borovina ingenakuzithoba futhi ekuzinakekeleni akudingeki. Kodwa kunomphumela omkhulu: ukuphika kwesomiso omncane we-apula, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sesomiso, izithelo ezingasaphuli kahle ziyanqamuka.
Yingakho ufuna ukuqondisa ukukhula kwezihlahla ze-apula ngendlela efanele.
Ngaphansi kwamagatsha agcwele izithelo ukusekelwa kumele kufakwenoma ukuxhuma emagatsheni omuthi ngenhloso yokungacabangi ukufa kwabo ngabanye noma ukufa komuthi ngokuphelele.
KUBALULEKILE! Izinkuni ezitshalweni zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokuvuna okucebile, amagatsha emithi aphule kalula ngaphansi komthwalo wezithelo, kaningi kuholela ekutheni kube nokuphila kwe-apula.
Ukutshala impova yesinye isitshalo kuyadingeka ngama-apula. Uma omakhelwane esiteshini noma ensimini yakho bengenayo i-apula yesihlahla esithile, ngokushesha uyithenge.
Phela, ngokubonakala kwe-pollinator, isivuno sivama izikhathi eziningi ngisho nasezinhlobonhlobo ezizimele.
Ngentwasahlobo, umuthi we-apula kufanele udliwe. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ekwindla akukhiphi, sebenzisa umanyolo ohlukahlukene oyinkimbinkimbi. ngempela ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, ikakhulukazi ompofu, Umquba kufanele usetshenziswe njalo ngonyaka, nasezindaweni ezicebile, ukugqoka okuphezulu njalo akufanele kusetshenziswe kabi.
KUBALULEKILE: I-80 kuya ku-100% yezimbali kufanele inqunywe ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Inani lokusinda lomuthi lithuthukisa.
Esikhathini esizayo, esigabeni se "Zelenushki" udinga ukusika isigamu sesitshalo - izithelo ezibekwe eceleni, ubukhulu bayo obubanzi ngaphakathi kwamamitha ambalwa. Ukusebenza okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho wokukhiqiza".
Siyabonga, umuthi uzobe ulungele kangcono ebusika, izithelo ezisele ezizobe zivuthiwe lapho kuvuthwa kuzoba mnandi futhi zikhule zibe ngosayizi omkhulu.
Uma uphuza izihlahla ze-apula, i-arithmetic elandelayo isebenza: Izikhathi 4-5 ngenyanga kabili ngosuku ngomuthi owodwa omdala ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi kufanele liwe.
Uma kukhula, futhi lokhu NgoJulayi-Agasti, ukuchelela okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uma umswakama okwanele ngalesi sikhathi, ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo akunakwenzeka nje kuphela okwamanje, kodwa nangonyaka ozayo.
Ngo-Agasti, ukuchelela kufanele kuphele. Uma kungenjalo, ukukhula kwamahlumela kungahle kube yisikhathi eside, lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi ebusweni bebusika besihlahla.
Kodwa-ke, uma unyaka unomile, khona-ke ukuqhubeka kokunisela kuyadingeka kakhulu - kusiza umuthi ukuba ugcwale umswakama ngokwemali edingekayo. Ngokwemvelo, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezulu, umbuso wokunisela uzoshintshwa.
Apple Borovinka -izinhlobonhlobo ezibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphepha komuthi omncane kusuka emaqanda angalindelekile noma ubusika beqhwa, I-mulch i-mulch i-mulch isetshenziswa endaweni yombuthano wesiqu.
Ekhuluma ngokunakekelwa kwe-apula, esigabeni esahlukileyo sabelwe umthelela omubi wangaphandle - njengezilokazane nezifo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Abalimi bamasimu bayakwazisa ukuthi iBorovinka ngokulinganisela ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kulimaza kakhulu. isikhumba Kodwa ukuvimbela nokuphathwa okufanele fungicides ngeke uvumele isikhala ukuthi siphume isivuno.
Ekhulunywe ngaphambili uM. V. Rytov ngo-1862, ngokusho kukaLodygin, wanikeza ngesikhathi esifanele isici esilandelayo: "Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uBorovinka ungenye yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zama-apula eRussia ephakathi; lokhu okuhlukahlukene akuhlonishwa kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngoba lezi apula azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa noma ukunambitheka noma amandla Antonovkoy futhi wayeyigugu kakhulu kunalo; ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okusha, akuhambanga noma kuphi futhi akulungile kakhulu ku-lobe; Abaqashi, noma kunjalo, abawunaki i-Borovinka njenge-apula eshibhile, okuhlale kutholakala ukudayiswa okuhle endaweni. Kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukubona ama-apula aseBorovinka afaneleka kuphela ukunambitheka okuphansi. "
Ngokungangabazeki, kunezinye iziphambeko ezikhona, kepha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBorovinka ziwusizo kakhulu ezitshalweni "zokuqala" zokuzalanisa. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2 ezintsha zanamuhla zadalwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komuthi we-apula ochazwe ngenhla: Ubuhle be-Volga, i-Girlfriend, i-Winter Striped, i-Zhigulevskoe nabanye.
