Imilayezo ebomvu evela e-China - izinhlobo zamaplamu Ibhola Elibomvu

Ngokungafani nezihlahla zama-apula neziphakathi kwezinto eziye zalawula izingadi zethu amakhulu eminyaka, iplamu, ngendlela esijwayele ukuyibona, ayikho amafomu asendle.

Futhi kubonakala eNtshonalanga ye-Asia ngenxa yokuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-turn and cherry plum.

Ngokomlando, indlela eya eRussia yayilandela imikhawulo yamaGreki namaRoma ukuba ibe ipulazi yasekhaya emasimini aseRussia.

Incazelo ye-Plum ibhola elibomvu

Incazelo izinhlobo ze plums "Red Ball". Izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi eduze kwaseMoscow njengetafula (ukunambitha) futhi jikelele (uma kungenzeka ukucubungula) ezihlukahlukene. Enye inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphakama kwayo okuncane, ngokungafani ne-plum yasekhaya, ekhuphuka ibe ngamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama, "owesifazane waseShayina" ebukhulu bawo ubuhle kakhulu ukuvuna.

Isihlahla likhula ngamamitha angu-2.5, libe nesigamu samamitha angu-half kanye namagatsha asakazekayo, okwenza umqhele, hhayi umqhele okhulu kakhulu.

I-Krone ngonyaka ukhula amahlumela amasha namahlumela esundu. Yibo abacabanga umsebenzi we-fruiting. Ngakho-ke ukuthi le nqubo ayigodli, ukusika izicucu zamasistimu kuze kube yilapho kuphakama ubude obungama-50-70 cm. Isiqu somuthi sinombala obomvu, kufaka phakathi amagatsha omzimba, isibhakabhaka esingaphansi, ngaphandle komngcele.

Uhlelo lwe-root plum lwesi-Chinese - enezingqimba, ezingqimba zomhlabathi ezingamamitha angu-40, kepha indawo abahlala kuyo ingafaniswa nokuhlolelwa komqhele wesihlahla.

Lesi sici kufanele sicatshangelwe uma utshala isipula. Kukhona umuthi omdala kanye nezimpande ezijulile, ezifinyelela kumamitha angu-8.

Ukufihla okuvuno nokukhiqiza Izitshalo zakhiwe kolchatka ngezimbali zemifino. Imigomo yokudalulwa kwefihlekile ayifani: kuqala kunezimbali, bese-amaqabunga.
Izimbali ezinjengezimbali zonke, izimbali ezinhlanu, ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu. Okuyingqayizivele ukuthi uFuthi olulodwa luvame ukuphonsa 3-4 izimbali.

Esikhathini sokuqhakaza lesi sihlahla sibonakala sinezinhlobo eziningi zezimbali, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi bonke bazokwenza i-ovary futhi banike izithelo.

I-plum yesiShayina, njengombuso, iwela ngesikhathi sezulu epholile futhi emanzi. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izimbali ziyawa ngaphambi kokuvota impova, kanti enye incike ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokwenza impova. Izinhlobonhlobo "Ibhola Elibomvu" izindawo eziningi zikhona njengezitshalo ezizimele, kepha kusukela ekukhulumeni kubonakala ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuvuna, udinga usizo lwezitholampilo ezengeziwe.

Ama-pollinators ama-plums ase-Chinese angeke abe amakhasimende asekhaya - izihlobo kuphela ngokubukeka.

Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ezifanele impova yiSkritoplodnaya yaseShayina.

Kodwa i-pollinator enokwethenjelwa kakhulu - i-cherry plum. Kumelwe kube khona ukuhamba okulandelayo nge "Ibhola Elibomvu".

Isigaba sezimbali iplamu yaseChina idlula ngokushesha kangangokuthi umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa awukwazi ngisho ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama komhlaba. Izimbali zizofakwa esikhundleni samaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, aluhlaza okwalokhu kulesi sitshalo, eqoqwe ngezimbali. I-median vein iphuma ngokukhethekile, igoqa lonke iqabunga leqabunga. Iphoyinti leshidi ligobile phandle, emaphethelweni akhona, aqoshiwe kahle.

Isithelo ngokuvumelana ngokugcwele negama lezinhlobonhlobo: nxazonke, ezinkulu (kufika ku-40gr), ngesigqoko esingenakuqondakala. Isikhumba esinomsoco obomvu obomvu obomvu nge-blue wax coating. I-pulp ephuzi ekhanyayo ibonakala ngesakhiwo sokukhubeka nesibindi, sigcwele ijusi elimnandi, elinomusa omuhle omnandi.

Enhliziyweni ye-fetus iyi-oblong, ithambo elingenakulinganiswa, elixhunyaniswe ne-pulp, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa. Okuqukethwe kwethambo lapho kukhishwe isisu, ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzyme kungakhipha i-hydrocyanic acid.

Isithombe

Ukubona ngokuqondile iplamu "I-Red Ball" ingaba esithombeni esingezansi:

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

Ukunambitha ukufaneleka izithelo zilinganiswe amaphuzu amane. Njengoba kunikezwe izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali zesitshalo, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe zithinta kanjani amagatsha, ngezinye izikhathi zifihla amaqabunga.

Lesi sici sokubhakabhaka sinomthelela isivuno esikhulu (kufika ku-18 kg esihlahleni).

Iplamu yaseShayina ihluma izinsuku ezingu-12 ngaphambi kwendlu yasekhaya. Akumangazi ukuthi izithelo zawo zivuthwe kakhulu kakhulu - ngo-Agasti: ezihlukahlukene zikwazo zokuqala.

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kokuzala komuthi we-plum kulezi zinhlobonhlobo eminyakeni engu-2-3 kusukela ekutshalweni.
Ukuqina kwe-Frost kuphakeme.
Ukuthutha kwezithelo kuvumela ukuhamba kwebanga elide.
Lesi sitshalo singamelana nesifo se-fungal samasiko ezithelo zamatshe - klyasterosporiozu.

Kuyacaca izinzuzo zePain plum "Ibhola elibomvu":

1. Ukubukeka kahle kwezithelo ezinkulu, ezinomsoco wezinhloso zetafula.
2. Ukuvunwa okuhle.
3. Ukulungela kokubeletha kokuqala kwezinhlobonhlobo - eminyakeni engu-2-3.
4. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala.
5. Ukuphikiswa kweqhwa okuhle kwezinso.
6. Ukuthutha.
7. I-universality of the use of the fruit.
8. Amathemba okuzala.
9. Ukuphikiswa kwezifo ezifungile.
10. Umqhele ohlanganisiwe njengendlela elula ekuvuneni.

Okubalulekile ukwehluleka lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-varietal kungabonakaliswa, kodwa:

1. Izimbali zakuqala zibeka ingozi ekubunjweni kwama-ovari.
2. Ukuze isitshalo esiqinisekisiwe sidinga amanye ama-pollinators.
3. Intamo yentambo yomuthi inomkhuba wokushisa.

Izinkinga ngezimpande ezingaphansi kwempande zingagwenywa ngokutshala isithombo esikhungweni esivunyiwe (50 cm high).

Umlando wokuzala

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwezwekazi, futhi ngenxa yezinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuzungezayo nokugqamile, njengezinto zonke e-China, kuvele Iplamu yaseShayina. Inzuzo eyinhloko yesihlobo sase-East Asia yikhono lokukhuthazelela amaqhwa anamandla kakhulu (kuze kube ku--45◦).

Njengoba uhla lwayo ludluliselwa kude enyakatho, igama lesibili lesi sithelo yi-plum Ussurian, umbala wesithelo ubomvu. Ukumelana okungajwayelekile kwe-frost kwenze leli fomu libe yintengo eyintandokazi ngezinhlobo ezintsha.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinye izinhlobo eziphawulekayo zamaplamu aseShayina: Iphupho le-Orel, i-Skoroplodnaya, i-Alyonushka.

Nge Ama-plums aseShayina ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, umshayeli waseMelika waseCalifornia Luther Burbank wenza izivivinyo zakhe zokukhetha. Uhlobo lwezinhlobo zalo ezingu-38 olusekelwe ku-plum yaseChina lubhalwe ohlwini lwe-assortment yomhlaba njengendlela engcono kakhulu. Ochwepheshe be-Nikitsky Botanical Garden ne-HSTI yokulima kanye nezithelo ezikhulayo, e-Eastern Biryulyovo, eMoscow, basebenze nalezi nzalo.

Inqubo yokuwela iplamu "Burbank" no "Ussuri Red" yabe i-hybrid entsha, ephakanyiswe yiRejista Yombuso yeNgxenye Ephakathi - "Ibhola Elibomvu".

Ukunakekela nokufika

Ekunakekeleni iplamu yaseShayina akufani ne-plums ekhaya.

Izinyathelo ezifanayo eziphoqelelwe ze-agrotechnical:

• ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu ekukhuleni (ukukhanya, ukuvikelwa emoyeni, ukude nezinye izitshalo);
• ukufaka umanyolo wenhlabathi ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-fertilizer eziphilayo;
• ukuhambisana nezinga le-acidity yenhlabathi ku-pH 7.5;
• ukususwa kokhula, okuvame ukuhlala kwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene;
• ukukhulula inhlabathi ngaphambi kokunisela ngamunye emjikelezweni wempande (ukugcwalisa umoya nokunciphisa ama-fungal infection of environment favorable);
• ukugqoka okuphezulu ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemifuno ezigabeni ezihambisana nokukhula kwesitshalo;
• ukuchelela njalo kuze kube phakathi kwehlobo, naseminyakeni eyomile - kuze kube yindlamu;
• zonke izinhlobo zokutshala ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo: ukungcola, ukuhlela, ukuvuselela, ukulawula, ukuvuselela;
• isivuno esifike ngesikhathi;
• ukulungiselela isitshalo ebusika;
• ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo kusuka kumagundane ebusika.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo

Njengoba Ukuhlukahluka konke "Ibhola elibomvu" esetshenziswe ngu:

• ekwelapheni nasekuvinjweni kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, njengoba liqukethe ama-antioxidants kanye nama-phytonutrients;
• ku-dietology, ngoba iplamu iyakwazi ukususa i-cholesterol eyingozi;
• e-cosmetology, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona amafutha e-plum amafutha amaningi;
• embonini ye-confectionery (ujamu, ama-jams, ama-jellies, ama-marmalade, ama-candy fillings);
• ekukhiqizeni iziphuzo (amaji, ama-compotes, ama-syrups, ama-tinctures, ama-liqueurs, amawayini alula).

Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-plums eyenziwe ngokwenzayo - ikhalori ephansi akuyona neze ehlukile "kowesifazane waseShayina", owesibili kwamakhilomitha kuphela kumagilebhisi.

Ukuthandana kweShayina ukunika omunye umunye njengesipho ibhasikidi lezithelo, kodwa ngeke bahlangabezane nenqwaba, ngisho nenhle kangaka njenge "Ibhola Elibomvu". Kuyinto nje ukuthi umsindo wamaShayina igama elithi "iplamu" lizwakala njengezwi elithi "ukwehlukana."