UPalma Raffia noma iMadagascar Palm - isitshalo somndeni wesundu.
Indalo indawo yokuhlala Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo - esiqhingini saseMadagascar (esathola igama lesibili), ogwini lwase-Afrika.
Wabuye waletha ngokukhethekile ukuzalana eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Afrika (ikakhulukazi indawo emfuleni i-Amazon). Ikhula ikakhulukazi emifuleni noma emanzini.
Incazelo
I-Rafia phakathi kweminye imithi yesundu ayifuni ukuphakama, ingafinyelela cishe ngamamitha angu-15.
Yiba ne-raffia isiqu esiqinileokunikeza umbala wesitshalo nokubukeka okukhangayo.
I-Raffia isitshalo se-monocot.
Amaqabunga e-Cirrus ayenezela phezulu ukusuka esihlalweni salo, afike kumamitha amathathu ububanzi, futhi ubude bungaba ngamamitha angu-17-19. Kwezinye izinhlobo ezifika kumamitha angu-25. Ngenxa yalesi sici, amaqabunga abhekwa njengokude kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Zivela ngokwesilinganiso kanye ngonyaka.
Ngaphansi kweshidi elilodwa elinjalo esimweni sezulu singafihla abantu abangaba ngu-20.
Amaqabunga alolu hlobo lwamasundu anikezwe isifuba esikhulu esiphezulu, esidlulela ku-petiole. It has an extension endaweni lapho iqabunga lihambisana nesiqu.
Izihlahla zomuthi izihlahla zinomuthi owodwa, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihloswe ngazo.
U-Raffia ubala izinhlobo ezingu-20 ezihlukene, nansi eziyinhloko:
- I-Textile R. textilis - iqukethe i-fiber ekhethekile;
- I-Royal - irekhodi lomnikazi, ishiya kumamitha angu-25;
- Iwayini - kusuka ku-inflorescences yalo lithola ushukela;
- I-Madagascar;
- U-Mukonosnaya R. Farinifera - ocebile ngesitashi.
Esinye isici sesitshalo yilokho isitshalo se-monocarpic - okungukuthi, izithelo kanye kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphila. Isitshalo sinezimbali kanye nezithelo zokuvuthwa kanye kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphila, bese sefa. Izimbali zihlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngonyaka.
Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-raffia, kuphela isiqu esinamaqabunga aphelile, kanti izimpande zihlala ziphila, kamuva ziveza amahlumela amasha futhi ziqhubeke nokuhlala kwazo.
Isihlahla samapulangwe sikhula ngokulinganisa ngeminyaka engu-50.
I-Inflorescences likhulu kakhulu, likhule ngamamitha angu-5 ububanzi, futhi lifaka izimbali ze-pistillate neziqu.
Izithelo esakhiwe ngeqanda, esisezingeni elilingana, elimbozwe nge-sandpaper esithambile esithakazelisayo.
Ipapashwe yizimbewu.
Isithombe
Izithombe zomnikazi werekhodi ngobude bamaqabunga.
Ukunakekela
I-Madagascar inesimo sezulu esishisayo esinomdlandla nesilinganiso sokushisa esiphakathi kwama-degree angu-25.
Umswakama owanele kanye nokuzala kwenhlabathi kwenza amathuba amakhulu okukhula okusheshayo nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemithi yesundu.
Raffia okungavamile ukuthinteka izinambuzane futhi akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Ngezinye izikhathi amaqabunga aphansi aboma futhi afe, kodwa lokhu kuyisici sezinto eziphilayo zalolu hlobo lwesundu.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo nesicelo
Amahlamvu kanye nama-scapes aqukethe imicu ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-raffia ne-piassawa, enesisindo kakhulu kulokhu okuthinta. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu, amabhasikithi kanye nezigqoko, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezixhobo zobuchwepheshe kanye nesitshalo esikhula ukugqoka.
Okuyinhloko Lesi sitshalo sine-starch eningi kakhulu, ufulawa uvela kuwo. Futhi amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ngento efana ne-wax, isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamakhandlela, imikhiqizo yokugqoka izicathulo, isihlangu esikhwameni, futhi futhi yizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokubumba.
Kusuka e-raffia iwayini ngokunciphisa i-inflorescences noma ukuvuza kwe-trunk yayo, kutholakala ijusi ushukela, okuvela kuyo iwayini. Umusi uqukethe ushukela owu-5%. Omunye umuthi wesundu ngosuku uveza cishe amalitha ayisithupha ale jusi.
Izithelo uthole ibhotela.
Amaqabunga asetshenziswa yizizwe zaseCongo ukwenza izingubo zesitayela somuntu, futhi kwezinye izindawo zisetshenziselwa izinto zokuphahla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa i-thyroids ne-thrips. Lezi zinambuzane zilimaza amaqabunga kanye nesitshalo sesitshalo, amabala avele futhi amaqabunga ayafa.
Shchitovka ushiya amabala aluhlaza emaqabunga, angabangela ukuwa kwawo.
Isibungu se-spider ushiya iwebhu esihlahleni, futhi amaqabunga abe abecebile futhi aphile.
I-Mealybugs kuholele ekuvundeni kwesundu sesundu.
I-red palm weevil, ngokungafani nezinye izidumbu, kuthinta umgogodla we-trunk, ukondla kuwo futhi ubeka amaqanda.
Isiphetho
Ngokungangabazeki, iRaffia palm yaseMadagascar iyisitshalo esikhula kancane, kodwa esingavamile kakhulu.
Umusi we-Sugar ukhiqizwa kusuka ku-inflorescences ekwenzeni iwayini, izindophi, izigqoko, amabhulashi nezinye izinto zenziwe kusukela kulesi sitshalo kusuka esiteshini. Futhi ngenxa yobude bamaqabunga awo, selitholile udumo lomhlaba.
