Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga engadini ngaphandle kwe-cherry - enye yezithelo ezithandekayo izitshalo. Entwasahlobo - lena ifu lezimbali ezibucayi, futhi ehlobo - inqwaba yamajikijolo avuthiwe avuthiwe.
Ngeshwa, uma i-cherry yasekuqaleni iveza i-apple kuphela ekuvuneni, manje nje ukuzala kwayo kuwile ngokuphawulekayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zithemba lokuvuselela izithelo zemifino enomusa futhi enempilo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ze-Novella - lokhu kuhlolisisa kunemiphumela emihle evela kubalimi, ngokungazethembi, incazelo egcwele yezinhlobonhlobo nesithombe kamuva kusihloko.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
I-Novella - ukuvumela okuphezulu, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika-eziqinile cherries, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi, inhloso yonke.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba jikelele zakwaVyanok, Kharitonovskaya no Black Large.
Yatholakala e-Orel ngesisekelo se-All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops ngokusebenzisa Hybridization of Varieties Rossoshanskaya futhi Ukuvuselela (ine-gene resistant to coccomycosis, eyadalwa ngokuwela i-cherry ne-cherry bird).
Abadali - abalimi abadumile A. F. Kolesnikova no E. N. Dzhigadlo. Ngo-2001, izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry noNovella zafakwa kwiRejista Yombuso futhi zanconywa ukulima esifundeni seCentral Black Earth.
Izinhlobo ezifana neVavilov, Rovesnitsa, Tamaris ne Fairy nazo zifanele ukutshala kule ndawo.
Ukubukeka kwe-cherry novella
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Isihlahla
Cherry Novella - lokhu ngumuthi ophakathi nendawo, cishe ngamamitha amathathu phezulu, nge-crown, ehamba phambili, ekhishwa kancane. Amagxolo phezu kwesiqu kanye namagatsha amacembe - abomvu, emahlumela - abomvu.
Izinso encane (engaba ngu-4mm), ehluke kancane, ibe nomumo ovoid.
Amapheshana matte, elastic, eluhlaza okomnyama. Ukuma kwabo yi-obovate, nge-tip ekhombayo kanye nesisekelo esibukhali. Emaphethelweni amashidi anamanyo amancane ama-oblique.
Esikhathini se-petiole nasesiqenjini seqabunga kukhona ucezu olulodwa lwensimbi.
Ku-inflorescence yezimbali ezine. Umsizi ukhululekile-ubulungiswa, umhlophe. Inhlamba ye-pistil kanye ne-anthers ye-stamens cishe cishe ezingeni elifanayo.
Amajikijolo ahlanganiswe emagatsheni asezimbali kanye namahlumela omnyaka odlule.
Izithelo
Izithelo zeNanvels ziyi-maroon, cishe emnyama. Ububanzi bamajikijolo avuthiwe buba ngu-2 cm, kanti isisindo sinama-5 g. Ukuma kwama-cherries kuhlangene, kancane kancane.
Itshe liluphuzi, lizungezile, lihlukaniswe ngokuphelele emalindeni. Isisindo se-Bone asidluli u-5% we-mass berry. Ubude be-stem ngu-3.8-4 cm, i-berry iphuma kalula, indawo yokuhlukanisa isala kancane.
Amajikijolo anambitheka omuncu-amnandi. Ubukhulu be-pulp bungumbala ophakathi, omnyama we-maroon, ijusi lamajikijolo lubomvu obomvu. Izithelo zihanjiswe kahle futhi aziqedi.
Isithombe
Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene
Esikhathini sezulu saseRussia kungcono ukukhula i-cherries engenamakhaza, okuzenzekelayo, okuphikisana nezifo. Ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlobonhlobo kusiza ukugcina isitshalo nokugwema ubunzima ekunakekeleni. I-Novella engeyona engenasisekelo isivele isithandana nabalimi.
Ukuqina kwe-Frost kuboniswa yizinhlobo zeLyubskaya, i-Lebedyanskaya ne-Generous.
Nazi izinzuzo zayo:
- ubusika hardiness
- isivuno esikhulu
- ukumelana ne-coccomycosis kanye ne-moniliasis
- izinga eliphezulu lezithelo
- isiqu esifushane
- ukuzakhela ngokwengxenye
I-TIP: Ukuheha izinyosi zokuvuna, 1 tbsp. l Uju luyoncibilika ku-1 litre lamanzi abilisiwe futhi lufakwe ngesixazululo semifino nezimbali.
Ngaphandle kokutholakala kwezidakamizwa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezithandekayo ze-cherry Novella iyakwazi ukuthela izithelo njalo. Kodwa kungcono uma izinhlobo ze-pollination zikhula endaweni.
Njengama-pollinator weNovella afaneleke kakhulu Shokoladnitsa, Vladimirskaya, i-Griot Ostheims.
I-Novella blooms engamashumi ayishumi amabili kaMeyi. Ukuvusa kwenzeka kanyekanye phakathi no-Julayi. Umuthi omncane uqala ukusebenza ngonyaka wesine.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimnandi, isivuno kusuka emthini owodwa omdala ungaba ngu-15 kg. Ngokuhambisana nemigomo ye-agrotechnology lezi zihlukahlukene zihlala isikhathi eside.
Phakathi kokushiyeka, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubusika obunzima bokubanda kwembali. Ukubuyisela amahlumela kunganciphisa umlimi wesitshalo esizayo.
I-TIP: Ukulibaziseka izimbali ze-pristvolnogo yombuthano wendilinga ngendwangu eyengeziwe yeqhwa nomswakama. Izwe ngaphansi komqhele lizogxila isikhathi eside, izakhi ezimpandeni ziza kamuva, izimbali ngeke ziwe ngaphansi kwesithwathwa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Cabanga ngemithetho yokutshala ama cherry Novella ukugwema amaphutha angayinaki yonke imisebenzi.
Izindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ziphikisana: iziqhingi, amaxhaphozi aphansi, amathafa aphansi. Kodwa uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ejulile kunamamitha angu-2.5, ke ihlobo elomile lizodinga ukuchelela.
Lesi siko sinzima kakhulu emhlabathini. Okufanele kakhulu kuyoba nenhlabathi enomoya omuhle kanye nomswakama. Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukuqina kwezihlahla ze-cherry.
Ukuntuleka kwe-ventilation kuholela ekukhuphukeni komswakama emkhathini, okubangela ukwanda kwezinhlamvu ze-fungal. Ibanga lika 3-4m phakathi kwezihlahla lizobe lihle kakhulu.
Izinketho zezitshalo zomhlabathi:phezulu kanye nomquba noma umquba obolile (umquba omusha ungashisa izimpande!) ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso
phezulu, humus kanye nesihlabathi ku-0.5: 0.5: 1
Ukuze uthuthukise i-fruiting emgodini, ungangezela u-1 kg we-limestone noma u-choki, uwuxube nomhlabathi. Kungenzeka futhi ukwengeza umquba wamaminerali (superphosphate, potassium chloride noma sulphate, umlotha okhuni) phansi komgodi, noma ukondla ngokukhula kwesihlahla.
Phakathi nendawo yomgodi wokutshala ugoba umgodi ubukhulu besistimu yempande bese ufaka isithombo lapho. Izimpande kufanele zifakwe ngokukhululekile. Ngaphambi kwesithombo kufaka isikhonkwane esisekelayo sokuhlanganisa.
Ngemuva kokuthi izimpande zimbozwe umhlaba, zizama ukuthungatha imfucuza ukuze wonke ama-void agcwaliswe phakathi kwezimpande. Lapho izimpande zimbozwa ngokuphelele, umhlaba uhlehliswa ngendandatho.
Ngemuva kokuthi umhlaba uchithe kahle ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwezimpande ngenhlabathi. Uma ungqimba oluphezulu lukhulula - lukhulula futhi luqubude ngobuningi bomhlabathi owomile.
UKUKHONA! Ukufika okudlulile ku-contraindicated! Lokhu kuholela ekuswelekeni kokukhula kanye nombono ocindezelwe wesihlahla.
Unyaka wokuqala wombuthano we-trunk kufanele ugcinwe njalo ukhululekile futhi ukhululeke njalo.
Kunconywa ukuthi uthenge ama-saplings wonyaka we-70-80 cm ukuphakama, ngokhuni elivuthiwe nesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile.
Uma isithombo singaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu nengxenye ephezulu, futhi amagxolo ahlaza, kusho ukuthi itholakala ngesamba esikhulu somanyolo we-nitrogen. Ngisho ne-cherry eneminyaka emibili ubudala akumele idlule u-110 cm ukuphakama.
Uma impahla yokutshala ingumqhele, bese ushiya i-shoot central kanye namagatsha angama-4-5, ancishiswe yiyesithathu.
Ukudubula okuphambili kunqunywe kangangokuba ubude obungama-20 cm kune-lateral.
Futhi uma isithombo singabanjwanga, sinqunywe u-10 cm ngaphezu kwe-trunk ehlosiwe. Ngaphansi kwesayithi lokusika izihlahla, ubuncane bezinso ezinhlanu ezithuthukile kufanele zihlale.
Ngo-Ephreli, umbuthano osondelene nawo uhlanganiswe nomquba obolile. Amakhomikhali ahlanganiswe ngamaminerali athululelwe emhlabeni wonke angcwatshwa emhlabathini.
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla sekwephuzile, umbuthano oseduze osondelene nawo uguqulwe ngamafoloko. Cishe zonke iziqu zomuthi omncane zihamba ngokunyuka ekukhuleni, okungaholela ekukhuliseni komqhele.
Uma ungenzi izihlahla, uzoholela ekunciphiseni isivuno. Ngakho-ke, wonke amagatsha aqinile akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, anqunywe. Udinga ukwakha umqhele ukuze kungashiyi amagatsha angaphezu kuka-10. Amagatsha e-Cherry anganciphisa ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Novella ukumelana nezifo, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-cherry" i-coccomicosis ne-moniliasis.
Izimpawu ze-moniliosis yiziphuzo ezingenampilo zesikhukhula esincane namaqabunga asundu.
I-Coccomycosis ivela njengendawo endaweni yamaqabunga.
Ngenhlanhla, uNovella uphethwe yizifo ezingavamile nakwezinye izindawo. Ekutholeni izifo Amagatsha athintekile kumele asulwe futhi atshiswe.
Njengoba umthombo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza liwiqabunga, ukuze kuvikelwe, kungcono ukuwashisa kuze kube sekuwa.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukuvimbela izifo, izitshalo zingelashwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-0.3% ye-chlorine dioxide (30 g yesidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
I-Zhukovskaya, iMayak, iMalinovka nePodbelskaya ingaziqhenya ngokukhethekile ngokumelene ne-coccomycosis.
Amajikijolo ama-ugly oyedwa-uphawu lokuthi i-cherry ikhethwe yi-fan ethandwa kakhulu yalesi siko - cherry weevil - I-bug encane ene-trunk ende. Uqaphele kakhulu, lapho umuntu efika, uwela ngokushesha.
Ubusika budlulela emhlabathini, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kutholakala izihlahla. Udla amaqabunga, amaqabunga, izimbali, amaqabunga, amaqanda.
E-weevil ye-ovary idla izimbobo noma iyidle ngokuphelele. Izimpungushe, ezigubha emigodini emathanjeni, zondla i-nucleus.
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- Kubalulekile ukuqoqa ama-windfalls nsuku zonke, bese izibungu zingabi nesikhathi sokuya emhlabathini.
- Uma ukuvunwa phansi kwesitsha kufanele ubeke indwangu, ushiye izithelo zobusuku, uqoqwe ngaphansi kwezibungu ukubhubhisa.
- Amathambo endle adle ama-cherry kufanele ashiswe.
- Ukuze unciphise inani labantu ababhubhisayo, kuyadingeka ukumba entwasahlobo nasekwindla bese ukhulula umbuthano we-trunk entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
- 1.5 kg wezinhlayiya zetamatisi uthele ibhakede lamanzi bese ubilisa isigamu sehora. Kulula isixazululo bese wengeza u-40 g wesiphu, ugaye bese uphefaza izihlahla.
- 350 g of umhlonyane bese uthele ibhakede lamanzi. Ukuphikelela amahora angu-24, ubilise ihafu yehora, engeza u-40 g wesepha, ukuhlunga bese uphefa izihlahla.
- Ngaphezu kwe-cherry weevil, ezinye izinambuzane nazo zihlasela: i-cherry fly, i-sprout moth, ama-sawflies, trubkoverty. Kubalulekile ukulwa nabo ngosizo lwezinambuzane ngokulandela imiyalelo.
Amakhambi omphakathi weev we cherry:
Isisekelo sensimu yezithelo zemifino enomkhiqizo enempilo ukukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Labo abaye bahlola i-Novella emasimini abo abazange badumale kulo mphumela.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikeza ubuncane bokuhlupheka futhi zijabulisa abalimi ngesivuno esivulekile.
