I-Cherry ngumkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla osiza ekuthuthukiseni ukudla.
I-Cherry idliwe esisha, eyomisiwe futhi ekheniwe. IJam jam, i-jam, i-compotes, i-syrups, i-extracts, i-liqueurs yezithelo, iwayini ne-izithelo zamanzi zenziwa kuwo.
Youth Cherry kuvamile kakhulu ngenxa yesithelo sawo kanye nezithelo ezihlwabusayo ezinomsoco, incazelo egcwele yezinhlobonhlobo, ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi, izithombe zezithelo kanye nesihlahla ngokwawo esihlokweni.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi lezi zihlukahlukene zatholakala kwi-All-Russian Selection and Technology Institute of Horticulture and Nursery H.D. Enikeevkanye nokubamba iqhaza S.N. Satarova.
I-Cherry yentsha itholwe ngenxa yokudlula kwezinhlobonhlobo ezifana noLyubskaya noVladimirskaya.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala ebhalweni lombuso zangena ngo-1993 esifundeni esiPhakathi.
Esifundeni esifanayo, izinhlobo ezifana neYenikeev Memorial, iZhivitsa, Turgenevka zadalwa.
Ukubukeka
Cabangela ngokwehlukana ukubukeka kwe-cherry nezithelo zayo.
Isihlahla
Umuthi we-cherry osemusha unayo hhayi kakhulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile ephakathi noma ephansi, ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla, zine-round nxazonke, ukuma kancane kancane.
Izihlahla ze Cherry ziyisimbonakaliso esingavamile, kodwa zithela izithelo hhayi okubi kakhulu kunomuthi omude onomqhele omuhle. Isihlahla esisodwa singanikeza kuze kufike ku-12 kg yokuvunwa kwamabhisi ngonyaka ngamunye. Uma sikhuluma ngomkhiqizo omaphakathi walesi cherry, ke lokhu 10-11 kg.
Umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu ungabonga futhi uLebedyanskaya, Toy and Chocolate.
Imimoya yomswakama omile ka-creepy ayiyona into embi kulokhu cherry, ikakhulukazi, efihlekile, ngeke ilimaze izimbali zayo, nakuba isihlahla ngokwazo sinamandla. Amaqabunga omusha anemibala ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nemikhakha.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esiphezulu yi-2.5 metres, akukona kakhulu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukukhuphuka umuthi we-cherry ngoba uqeda kalula.
Izithelo
Manje ake sikhulume ngezithelo zalesi sihlahla. Ukunambitha amajikijolo amnandi namuncu, ube ne-pulp eningi kanye nethambo eliphakathi kombala we-beige, ohlukaniswa kalula ngezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Amajikijolo ama-cherry asetsheni ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ama-dessert ahlukene, njengoba enomnandi ngaphezu kwe-asidi. I-Morozovka, i-Podbelskaya neDessert Morozova nazo izinhlobo ze-dessert.
Umbala we-cherry ovuthiwe kahle yi-maroon, ukuma okuncane kakhulu. I-berry eyodwa isilinganiselwa ngo-4.5 g.
Ukuhluma kwenzeka emagatsheni omnyaka odlule noma emasakeni.
Kanti futhi izithelo zobusha zenza ujamu, amajamu, ama-juice kanye nokunye ukulondolozwa. Akufanele siphuthelwe iqiniso lokuthi lezi cherries zibekezelela ukuhamba kahle, ngoba inyama yazo ilukhuni.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile akukhuthazwa, kodwa i-Youth Cherry ehlukahlukene iyona engcono kunazo zonke namuhla, isithombe nesichazo sezo zonke izici.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
I-cherry yentsha eyaziwa fruiting omuhle kakhulu. I-Ripen amajikijolo qala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Isithunzi esingenakuphikiswa sobusha singabizwa lokho umuthi unqabile kakhulu ezifweni zefungal.
Ngokuvamile, ama-cherries athathwe izifo ezifana ne-coccomycosis ne-moniliasis, kodwa uma ukhula kwentsha, le nkinga ayinakukukhathaza.
Ukuphikisana ne-coccomycosis nezinhlobo ezifana neVyanok, Ural Ruby noNovella.
I-susceptible kakhulu kunazo zonke izifo ze-cherry esikhathini esifudumele samanzi. Ukucubungula izinkuni kusadingeka, ngakho ukuyivikela ngokugcwele ekukhunjweni kwefungus.
I-Cherry yentsha - i-self-fruitedi.e. ukuvota imithi endaweni engayidingi. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukuthi isimo sezulu asifakisi izimbali zezinyosi, ukukhathazeka kuyize.
I-Volochaevka, i-Lighthouse kanye neminyaka efanayo nayo ingaziqhayisa ngokwabo.
Ukuvunwa kuyoba kuhle nokuphana noma kunjaloYingakho intsha ibhekwa njengenye ye-cherry ethembekile kakhulu.
I-Molodezhnaya ayinayo iminyaka ethile lapho iveza khona izithelo kahle, futhi lezo ezikhona izithelo ezimbalwa kakhulu, lesi sihlahla ujabulela ngamajikijolo amakhulu amaningi ngobuningi ngonyaka.
Ngoba lokhu okuhlukahluka kuyisici ubuqilikakade ngonyaka wesine kuya wesihlanu wokukhula, i-cherry iqala ukuthela izithelo.
Futhi isihlahla sibonisa ukumelana nobusika obubandayo kanye neqhwa, ukoma ngokweqile ehlobo.
Leli cherry livame ukusetshenziswa njenge-pollinator ngezinhlobo zakamuva.
Ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nentsha esifundeni esiPhakathi saseRussia, e-Ukraine, eBelarus.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Intsha Cherry kanye nanoma yisiphi isithelo nomkhiqizo webheji kudinga ukunakekelwa, kodwa indima ebalulekile nayo idlala ngokutshala okulungile, indawo ekhethiwe nesikhathi.
Ukufika
Ukuze ubeke intsha, udinga kakhulu khetha ngokucophelela indawo yokuhlala.
Ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwesihlahla ngezindlela eziningi kuxhomeke kulokho.
Indawo enjalo akufanele ibe yomoya ophuthumayo, futhi awukwazi ukutshala intsha ezindaweni ezihlala phansi.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala intsha entwasahlobo
Ukutshala ama-cherries kuyadingeka ekuphakameni, eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, njengoba kudinga umswakama okuningi wokuthuthukiswa okuvamile.
Umhlaba kufanele ube i-alkaline sandy loam ebuthakathaka, futhi uma kungenjalo, ukungathathi hlangothi kuzokwenzaI-asidi yehlabathi isho okuningi.
Isayithi lokufika kufanele libheke kahle, futhi linakekele lokhu.
Uma unquma ukwenza isithelo sezithelo cherry, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe kude okungenani amamitha amathathu ukusuka komunye.
Siyaqhubeka ngqo enqubweni. Kufanele ukumba umgodi 40 cm ejulile no-80 cm ububanzi. Ngaphambi kokuthumela isitshalo esincane kule mgodi, kuyadingeka ukuba uthele umanyolo ngendlela umquba kanye ne-nitrogen ukuze i-cherry ibanjwe. Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala uqaphela ukuthi ezinye izinqubo zempande zonakalisiwe, kufanele uziqede.
Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sitshalwe nxazonke udinga ukwenza umgodi, okufanele ugcwaliswe ngomquba noma, isibonelo, sawdust.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze inhlabathi igcine umswakama ukuthi intsha idinga isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Uma utshala izithombo ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala, kunconywa ukuba ulungiselele ngokushesha. Into yokuqala udinga ukuqeda amahlumela asuka emagatsheni angakwesokudla.
Ngemuva kwalokho, phawula okuthiwa i-cherry skeleton - amagatsha amathathu, lapho ufuna ukusika khona wonke amahlumela. Okuwukuphela kwalokho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusika amagatsha afika engxenyeni engama-90 degree kusuka esihlahleni.
Inqubo yokukhula nentuthuko yentsha njalo ngonyaka idinga feed nge nitrogen umquba, omdala umuthi, umanyolo odingekayo.
Esikhathini sekwindla kunconywa ukuthi ukondle umuthi, ulungiselele ubusika nge i-potashi ne-phosphate umanyolo. Uma kunokwenzeka, ukutshala inhlabathi ngomquba.
Intsha, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, Kuthatha amanzi amaningi ukukhula okujwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma uhlwanyela endaweni lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba egeleza khona, uphinde uthele intsha ukuthi ingalimazi futhi uzozuza kuphela umuthi we-fruiting.
Isivuno plime iminyaka yokuqala 4-5, iyoba yisivikelo esihle kakhulu somuthi.
Imithi encane yezihlahla kulezi ezihlukahlukene ukukhuphuka okusheshayo Amagatsha amasha abonakala ngokulandelana, ngakho-ke kudingeka ulahleke kahle, ushiye kuphela okuyinhloko.
Ukunakekela
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani futhi kuzo zonke izimo ezihle kakhulu umuthi wakho uzokhula, udinga ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe. Ukutshala umhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye nokwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwe-mineral dobrov - yilokho okuyokwenza intsha ibe ne-fruiting nokuvikeleka okuhle ezinambuzane.
Intsha iyakuthanda umswakama, ungesabi ukuthululela amanzi, wesaba ukuthi ungayidlulisi. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama owengeziwe, faka ubumba noma izitini ezincane emhlabeni wonke.
Lena indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu yokuhlinzeka i-cherry ngenani elanele lokuswakama uma ukuchelela kungavamile kakhulu.
Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi iphele, uma kungekho mvula isikhathi eside, khona-ke kubalulekile ukuhlela ukuchelela okufakelwayo.
Izinhlobo ze-Cherry yentsha zidinga umbala nokufudumala okuningi. Ngaseduze nawe akufanele utshale ezinye izihlahla eziningi, ngaphandle kwempova yazo. Indawo lapho intsha ikhula khona kufanele ivule kahle.
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka, ngoba ukusika izihlahla kuhlinzeka kahle kakhulu. Lahla amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu, ashiya aqinile futhi aqinile.
Abalimi abaningi banombono wokuthi amagatsha kufanele afinyelelwe emkhatsini wamakhomitha amabili kuya ku-2-2.5. Ukuze wenze izihlahla, akudingeki ube ngumlimi wezitshalo ezanele, kukwanele ukuthatha umthwalo walolu daba.
Ingxenyeni engenhla ye-cherry kufanele ichithe cishe ngo-50 cm ngonyaka (lesi sihlahla esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala).
Uma usika izihlahla, uhlele umuthi ukuze kube lula ukuqoqa izithelo, wenze indawo yokuhamba.
Kumele ufeze izihlahla zokuguga, okungukuthi, ulahle amagatsha amadala kanye namahlumela.
Ngokuvamile, intsha imelana nomkhuhlane nomoya, kepha umuthi omncane kufanele uvikeleke nakakhulu ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Izinhlobo zasebusuku-ezinamandla ziyiZhukovskaya, Morozovka noNovella.
Okokuqala, sivikela ama-cherries avela kumagundane, ahlukumezi ukudla impande ye-cherry ngenkathi ebandayo.
Ukuze uvimbele umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande, kubalulekile ukumboza isihlahla phansi, noma ukusetha indawo yokuhlala ukuze ingakwazi ukufinyelelwa.
Indlela yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba inqwaba yezihlahla idamu lizokwakhiwa isikhathi eside. Ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okungeziwe, impande ihlanganiswe ne-moss.
Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nokwakheka okufanele kwezihlahla zezithelo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Intsha ayiyona imithwalo yezifo ze-fungalokuyinto evamile cishe zonke ezinye izinhlobo cherry ezikhula endaweni yethu. Kodwa kusekhona ezinye izingozi zaloluhlobo lwe-cherry.
Esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zentsha monilioz Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokumiswa kancane kancane kwamagatsha e-cherry, lesi sihlahla singathinteka kancane noma sithinte ngokuphelele.
Uma uthola ukuthi i-Youth Cherry yakho igula nge-moniliosis, okokuqala ukusika amagatsha anesifo (plus 15-20 cm wezinkuni ezinempilo).
Amagatsha aqoshiwe kufanele abhujiswe ukuze avimbele ukusakazwa kokutheleleka kwezinye izihlahla nezitshalo.
Kukhona nesifo esinjalo sezihlahla ze-cherry njenge ukushisa okukhulu. Ukulahla akulula. Ukushisa kwamanye amazwe, kuvame ukuvela phakathi nenkathi yezimbali.
Indlela kuphela yokuphuma ukufafaza izinkuni ngesisombululo esikhethekile.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi leso sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu, hlola ngokucophelela izihlahla ezikhula eduze kwama cherry anegciwane.
I-Yellowing yamaqabunga ama-cherry ayisona isibonakaliso somuthi onempilo. Isizathu esivame kakhulu samaqabunga obuphuzi ebusheni kungukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.
Amaqabunga esihlahla esiphelele aguqula umbala ngokushesha, kaningi afinyelela obomvu, emva kwalokho amahlamvu awela. Esimweni esinjalo, kuyadingeka ukondla umuthi nge nitrogen.
Ekuhlaleni ubusha akukho ubunzima obuthile. Vela leli bhizinisi ngomthwalo wemfanelo futhi maduze uzoba ne-cherry jam enomnandi, kanye nethuba lokujabulela ukudla izithelo ze-cherry fresh.
