Itiye ekuseni yaseBergamot iyiphunga elimnandi lokuphunga indebe yendlu yonke! Wonke umuntu uyazi leli gama njengesithako esijabulisayo kumatekisi amnyama. Kodwa yikuphi okumangalisayo kwe-bergamot nokuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo? Isihlahla singumuthi we-hybrid, umphumela wokuwela ilamula, i-orange ne-mandarin. Izwe elikude le-bergamot liyi-Southeast Asia. Igama lesitshalo elimnandi lanikezwa ngokuhlonipha idolobha laseBergamo, elise-Italy. Izitshalo zonke ze-bergamot zakhula lapho.
Ukuvunwa okubalulekile kwe "Bergamo orange" kwavunwa, futhi emva kokucubungula itholakala ngamafutha abalulekile. I-Bergamot itshalwa ogwini lolwandle olufudumele lwase-Ionian esifundeni sase-Italy saseCalabria. Kukhona izitshalo zokucubungula izithelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-bergamot ekhulayo iye yaba umsebenzi onenzuzo kumazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele nesomuncu. Kwaba kuhle kangangokuthi babehlanganyela emazweni anjengeChina ne-India. Kunezitshalo ze-bergamot ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama kanye neCaucasus.
Ngezinye izikhathi izithelo ze-Bergamot zifana ne-orange, ngezinye izikhathi ziphakathi kwephuzi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yephunga elifanayo lamaqabunga, abantu badidanisa i-bergamot ne-monard. I-Bergamot iyisihlahla esihlala njalo, futhi i-monarda iyisitshalo esotshani. Abasimili abakha i-bergamot ekhaya baqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle futhi sithela izithelo endlini.
Izimo ezizwakalayo zebergamot ekhulayo endlini
Ukuze lesi sitshalo singakujabulisi nje ngokubonakala kwayo, kodwa futhi nezithelo ezinomsoco, udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
I-Bergamot isitshalo esinothando sokushisa, ngakho-ke sidinga ukukhanyisa. Amakhono nezitshalo ezitshalwe zingasetshenziswa efasiteleni. I-Bergamot ikhula ngenjabulo kumaphi amafasitela, ngaphandle kwalaseNyakatho. Uma umuthi wakho uhlala efasiteleni eliseningizimu, bese kuthi ngesikhathi esishisayo sosuku (kusukela ekuseni kuya ku-4: 00 ntambama) ifasitela elinjalo ligcwele izimpumputhe noma ikhethini. Isitshalo esingafihliwe sizothola ukushiswa kwelanga futhi amaqabunga azolahlekelwa umphumela wokuhlobisa. Kodwa ngebhodamot ebhodini elisenyakatho, ungakhula isitshalo esinamandla. Kudingekile ukunikeza isihlahla ukukhanya okungekho, ukukhanyisa ngama-phytolamps ngamahora angu-5-6. I-Bergamot idinga ukukhanya kwelanga leshumi. 
Izimo zokushisa
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukushisa. Ukushisa okufanelekile kakhulu kwenhlalakahle ye-bergamot ehlobo kanti entwasahlobo ngu-25-35 degrees Celsius. Izidingo zokushisa zangaphakathi ebusika zihluka kancane. Udinga okwesikhashana, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, ukwehla ekamelweni lokushisa. Umbuso onjalo wokushisa uzohlinzeka ngesitshalo ngenkathi yokuphumula edingekayo. NgoFebhuwari, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane kancane ku-+20 degrees, futhi isitshalo singena esikhathini sokukhula.
Ukuze kutholakale imifino nezimbali eziphumelelayo, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lidinga ukugcinwa lingaphansi kwe-18-22 degrees Celsius. Uma umuthi we-bergamot ungangeni esikhathini sokuphumula, khona-ke ngeke kube khona fruiting.
Izici ukunakekela i-bergamot ekhaya
I-Bergamot iyisitshalo esicindezelayo, futhi ukunakekelwa ukuhlinzeka ukukhanyisa okwanele, ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane nezifo, umanyolo, ukuchelela okwesikhashana kwenhlabathi nokufafaza isihlahla emaqabunga. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane zikhiqiza impova yezimbali ze-bergamot. Kodwa ekhaya kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise impova yokufakelwa kwezimbali. Uma ungenalo impova izimbali ze-bergamot ngesandla, isivuno ngeke ulinde.
Ukuze uthole impova ephumelelayo, thatha i-twig nomoya esiqongweni sesiqephu esincane sezinwele. Qaphela ngokucophelela izikhathi eziningana nge "thuluzi" elinjalo ngaphakathi kwembali yesilisa. Bese wenza umsebenzi ofanayo ne-flower femel ye-bergamot. Ukuze uthembeke, yenza ukudluliswa kokufakelwa kabili - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukushisa kwomoya akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-18 ° C, ngoba impova yesitshalo iba yinyumba emoyeni oshisayo. Kuyafaneleka ukwenza imizamo yokuvotela imifino, ngoba i-bergamot ihlobisa kakhulu, lapho ibhula, izimbali zayo ezimhlophe zeqhwa zinephunga elimnandi.
I-Bergamot Izinambuzane
Ngisho nasezikhungweni zezitshalo kungase kuhlaselwe izinambuzane. Ngokuvamile kungumuthi wesicabucabu noma i-scythe. Uma kubonakala ukubonwa, ukucindezeleka kwesitshalo kungabonakala, i-bottomside yekhasi elidala lamaqabunga ligcwele amachashazi amhlophe, futhi umkhawulo ngokwawo ubonakala. Amaqabunga amancane e-bergamot ahlanganiswa emathinini futhi agcwele umbukiso omhlophe omhlophe. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, kunezidakamizwa ezikhethekile zokubulala izinambuzane. Kodwa ungakwazi ukubhekana nesifo nesifo, izindlela ezihlanzekile eziphilayo. Isibonelo, isisombululo sesephu ngothuli kagwayi.
Ukulungisa isisombululo esinjalo ku-1 inkomishi yamanzi abilayo wengeze 1 tbsp. spoon kagwayi ugwayi (shag) kanye no-10 g we-soap grey laundry. Bambelela okungenani izinsuku eziyisithupha, emva kwalokho ukumnika ukulungele ukuphalaza.
Uma umuthi we-bergamot ushaywa ngesihlangu, amabala ashisayo afaka amaqabunga. Ububanzi bamabala - kufika ku-5 mm. Amabala afanayo afaka phezu kwama-leaf stalks kanye nesitshalo sesitshalo. I-gum enamafutha ingavela.
Kusukela ku-shchitovki usize ukuhlwitha izitshalo ngalesi sombululo:
- 1 indebe yamanzi afudumele;
- 1 tbsp. isipuni se-lube;
- 40 g isepha;
- 2 tbsp. izinkezo zokuhlanza powder.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, gcoba umsizi ebhodweni kahle ngefilimu, akufanele uthole isisombululo se-caustic. Amahora amathathu emva kokucubungula, faka ibhodlela ebhodini bese ugeza emulsion.
Uyazi? Ukucubungula izitshalo ze-soap-oil emulsion ayikwazi ukwenziwa okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto.
Ukunisela kanye nomswakama
Ekusentwasahlobo nasehlobo, inhlabathi ezitsheni zime ngokushesha, ngakho ukuphuza izitshalo kufanele kuthathwe ngokucophelela. Nisela imithi njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-3-5, kungabi nhlobo ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi iphele. Uma amanzi okuchelela ethathwa kampompi, kufanele avikelwe ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3. Uma uvikela amanzi, i-chlorine kanye ne-lime ekhona emanzini wamadolobha asezindaweni zasemadolobheni afakwa phansi.
Ungakwazi ukuhlunga noma ubilise amanzi kampompi, ngakho-ke futhi kufanelekile ukuchelela izihlahla. Amanzi okunisela akufanele abanda. Indlela engcono kakhulu ye-bergamot ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, i-bergamot idinga umswakama ophezulu. Ebusika, umoya ekamelweni unomile futhi umswakama oyifunayo ungaqinisekiswa ngokupunikeza isitshalo nsuku zonke kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray. I-bergamot esabelayo futhi yaphuza ngamanzi afudumele phezu kwamaqabunga. Ngesikhathi sokwamukela isilawa esinjalo, indawo yezimpande zomuthi kanye nobhodwana ngokwawo ziboshwe nge-polyethylene.
Uyazi? I-Bergamot iyakuthanda kakhulu ukuphuzisa amanzi emvula noma amanzi atholakala ekuqhenqeni iqhwa.
Umanyolo weCitrus
NgoFebhuwari, i-bergamot iyavuka, iqala ukwakha umthamo ohlaza bese iphosa amaqabunga kuqala. Kule nkathi yokukhula, udinga ukondla okwengeziwe. Ungakwazi ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngama-fertilizer eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali.
Ama-fertilizer e-organic anikeza amandla okutshala ukuthi akhule izimpande namaqabunga amaqabunga. Umquba womzimba ubhekisela ku-mullein, equkethe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo kwisitshalo. I-Zinc, i-magnesium, ithusi, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-molybdenum, i-boron ne-cobalt-konke lokhu ku-mullein. Kodwa awukwazi ukutshala izitshalo nge-mullein ehlanzekile, udinga ukuyihlanza ngamanzi.
Indlela yokulungisa isisombululo se-mullein
Ku-1 воды4 amabhakede ama-mullein ayi-10 amalitha amanzi athathwe. Isixazululo sixutshwe kahle futhi sivaliwe ngesembozo. Kubalulekile ukuvala isitsha, uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke i-nitrogen ezuzisayo yesitshalo izothuthuka futhi iphunga elimnandi lizosakazeka. Isixazululo sishiywa ukuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingu-12-14. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-uric acid evuthayo ikhuphuka emqubeni womanyolo.
Ukuze utshale izitshalo, umanyolo uthatha ingxenye eyodwa yesisombululo se-mullein bese ufaka kuwo izingxenye ezine zamanzi, uhlanganise kahle bese ufaka empandeni.
Ungathenga ama-fertilizer e-organic ("Gumat", "Humisol" nabanye) ezitolo zensimu. Ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary kanye nezithelo, ama-fertilizer aqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium ayadingeka. Izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo ezinjalo zomanyolo we-citrus nazo zingathengwa ezindaweni zokulima.
Ukudubula
Ngokuvamile abalimi balinaki ukubunjwa kwezihlahla zase-citrus zasendlini. Umuthi okhulile kusukela ekusika ungenza umqhele omuhle kakhulu. Kodwa amagatsha okusika izihlahla kanye namaqabunga aqhekezayo enza kube lula ukwenza umuthi wanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Uma uvumela i-bergamot ukuba ikhule ngokuzimela, ngonyaka wokuqala wokulima, izokhipha ukuphunyuka okulodwa kokuhleleka kwe-zero. Ngonyaka wesibili wokulima, amagatsha omyalelo wesibili azovela, futhi kuphela eminyakeni yesine noma yesihlanu kuphela, amahlumela wesithathu, yesine, yesihlanu oda azovela. Futhi emva kwazo zonke izithelo zawo ama-ovaries akhiwa.
Ukuze wenze ngokusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha ezithelo, udinga ukusika wonke amagatsha ngaphandle kokunye. I-twig yokuqala (i-stem) ifushane kufinyelele ku-15 cm nangamahlumela amaningana athuthukile kahle akhula ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kungenxa yabo ukuthi amagatsha amakhulu esihlahla se-bergamot azokhula kamuva. Lapho amagatsha angu-20-25 cm ubude ekhula kusukela efihlekile kamuva, anciphisa, angawavumeli ukuba akhule. Lapho amagatsha amabili e-oda ekhuphuka ephuma efihlekile, nawo afushane (anebude buka-10 cm). Kusukela efihlekile emagatsheni omyalelo wesibili kuzokhula amagatsha, anqunywe uma efika ku-5 cm.
Inqubo yokwakha ihlala iminyaka engu-2-3. Uma unyaka ngamunye emagatsheni amasha akhiwa izinso, kodwa 3-4, ngakho-ke konke kuhambisane. Uma ama-buds akhiwa kancane, udinga ukususa isiqu esiphezulu somuthi. Ungafaki ukukhula, okungukuthi, ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza amagatsha ohlangothini anqume isitshalo esiyinhloko sesitshalo ngaphambi kwemfoloko. Kulokhu, ukubunjwa kwesihlahla se-bergamot sekuphelile.
Kubalulekile! Uma uvumela ukukhula nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla se-bergamot ukuba siphume, isithelo asikwazi ukulinda maduzane.
Indlela yokutshala i-bergamot ekhaya
Izithelo ze-Citrus aziphenduli kahle ngokufakelwa kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke ziyaqhubekela phambili kanye nesikhumba semhlaba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwempande. Ukutshala izihlahla ze-bergamot kungenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi, kuzomele uzame ukubamba kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphumula. Ukutshala kabusha izitshalo ezincane kuphela. Ezitshalweni ezindala, ingqimba engenhla yenhlabathi esele ichithiwe isuswa ebhodweni futhi inhlabathi entsha ingeziwe. Ibhodlela ikhethwa kahle ngesimo sesilinda.
Uma uhlela ukutshala isitshalo esincane:
- Ibhodlo elikhulu liyithathwa, "ngokukhula" elinamandla okungenani amalitha angu-2-3.
- Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kumele kube nemigodla yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi omswakama ngokweqile.
- Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa inhlabathi ebhodweni, ubumba obuncane obunwetshiwe noma izinhlamvu eziningana ze-ceramic zifakwe ngaphansi kwe-tank ngenxa yamanzi.
- Ngaphezulu kwamanzi silala ubuningi besanti (1-2 cm).
- Okwakamuva ebhodweni lokugcwalisa inhlabathi ye-bergamot.
Umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu wokutshala i-bergamot uthathwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-birch, nakuba ungathatha inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezinye izihlahla ezinqabile. Kuphela ungqimba onhlabathi olufanele (10-15 cm), lapho inhlabathi igcwele humus. Izwe elithathwe ngaphansi kwe-chestnuts, ama-oki noma izihlahla ze-nut alifani. Kunezintanini eziningi emhlabathini ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezizovimbela i-bergamot, futhi ukutshala ngeke kuphumelele. Ngezwe eliqoqiwe eliqoqiwe balungiselela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi evumelana kakhulu nesitshalo.Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi ngokutshala i-bergamot:
- ama-lobe amabili enkuni elukhuni;
- ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi somfula omhlophe;
- Share 0.5 of humus okuxekethile;
- 0.5 izingxenyana zezinkuni umlotha.
Uma isitshalo esitshalisiwe sinezimpande ngaphezu kwekhola yezimpande, kufanele zisuswe ngamasheya. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha, intamo yentambo ye-bergamot ingcwatshwa ekujuleni okufanayo njengokwesikho sangaphambili.
Kubalulekile! Umuthi weBerggamot udinga ukuguqulwa embizeni enkulu njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ngokufakelwa ngakunye, ibhodlela elisha lithengwa ngesigamu esingaphezu kwesidlule.
Amathiphu okuzala eBergot
I-Bergamot ingakhula ngezindlela ezimbili, futhi incazelo eningiliziwe inikezwe ngezansi. Izitshalo ze-Bergamot zingasakazwa ngokusika nokukhula kusuka enzalweni. Uma wena noma abangani bakho benesihlahla se-bergamot, ungakwazi njalo ukusika amagatsha ezitsheni bese uzama ukukhula kuzo isitshalo se-fruiting.
Kungenzeka ukukhulisa ngempumelelo i-bergamot emathanjeni. Izitshalo ze-Bergamot ziyi-hybrid eyakhiwe ngokuhlakanipha, ngakho-ke isitshalo esakhula esivela emzalweni sikhula futhi sikhula kancane, futhi siqala ukwakha isihlahla kuphela ngonyaka wesine. Futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi umuthi okhulile okwesikhathi eside kangaka uzoqhakaza futhi uveze izithelo. Kodwa bobabili abalimi bayatholakala kubalimi.
Uyazi? I-Bergamot, njenganoma isiphi isitshalo se-citrus esingaphandle, ayithandi ukushintsha izindawo, isetshenziselwa ukukhanya okuthile, ngezinga elithile, futhi uma kwenzeka ushintsho endaweni, isitshalo singakwazi ukuchitha amaqabunga ayo. Uma umuthi wakho ukhula kahle futhi uzizwa uhle ekhoneni, ungawuphazamisi ngezimvume.
Imbewu yokutshala
Kodwa ake sihlolisise indlela yokutshala imbewu ye-bergamot. Kungcono ukutshala i-bergamot embewu ehlanzekile: uthenge izithelo ze-bergamot esitolo, wadla, wabeka imbewu emhlabathini. Ukuhluma kwakungcono, kungcono hhayi ukumelela imbewu ye-bergamot. Imbewu itshalwe ekujuleni kwe-1 cm emhlabathini ongaphansi komhlaba ohlanganisa isihlabathi se-50% no-50% humus. Ngemva kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi iyanisela futhi ibhodlela ivaliwe phezulu ngendwangu yesilazi noma i-polyethylene. 
Amathambo eBerggamot ahlume kahle futhi ngokushesha. Enye imbewu inganikeza amahlumela amathathu noma amane. Omunye uhlumela ukhethiwe futhi ushiywe, oqine kakhulu. Amanye amahlumela akunakunqotshwa (ngakho ungalimaza kanye namahlumela adingekile), futhi usike ngezikhali. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngesonto lesithathu ngemuva kokutshala. Ingilazi ehlanganisa ibhodlela ishintshwe kancane, ngaleyo ndlela igweme ukufinyelela kwe-oksijini esihlahleni. Uma ibhodlela limbozwe nge-polyethylene, izimbobo eziningana zenziwa kuwo. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo esincane ihlale imanzi kancane. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kumele kugwenywe ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zingavumi.
Ukukhula kwembewu ye-citrus ezivela imbewu akulula, futhi i-bergamot ngenyanga izohlobisa iwindi lakho.
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings
Cishe zonke izimpande ze-citrus kalula zigxotshiwe i-cuttings. Abalimi bezitshalo basebenzisa lokhu ngenkathi benza izimpande zikaMeyi noma ngoJuni. Ukusika kwenziwa ngommese okhethekile, ngokuvamile imimese yokuzenzela enomngcele wokusika owenziwe ngecala. Ngokuba ukusika, kuphela ingxenye engenhla yamahlumela kuze kufike ku-15 cm ubude kuthathwa. Umlimi wase-Gardens uthatha inani elifanele lokusika, uwafaka ebhokisini elimbozwe ngendwangu emanzi. Lokhu kuqapha kusiza ukugwema ukugoma kwe-cambium kwi-cuttings endaweni yokusika. Lapho eseqedile ukusika ama-cuttings, umgadi wensimu uyayifakela engxenyeni ye-stimulator yokukhula. Kungaba i-"Kornovin" ethengiwe noma i-stimulator yokukhula yemvelo, njengeju noma i-aloe juice. Okulandelayo, izitshalo ezilungiselelwe zitshalwe esikoleni esenzelwe ukutshala izithombo.
School for cuttings elungiselelwe kusengaphambili:
- Indawo ikhethwe ku-penumbra ukuze ilanga elishisayo lingalimazi izicutheka ezibuthakathaka, kodwa izithombo nazo zikwazi ukukhanya okwanele.
- Ngezansi kwekusasa lika-shkolki elifanele amanzi emagatsha aminyene.
- Phezu komfula kufakwa inhlanganisela yesihlabathi nomhlabathi (50:50).
- I-cuttings ephathwe nge-root-forming preparation isetshala.
Isitshalo ngasinye emva kokutshala sigcwele ingilazi yeglasi. Uma kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusika, uhlaka lwokhuni luphuma esikoleni futhi luhlanganiswe nefilimu phezulu. Ukushayela nokuphuzisa i-cuttings ifilimu enjalo iphikisiwe. Ukuguqulwa kungenziwa ngosizo lwesikhumba esishisa emlilweni. 
Kungakapheli inyanga, i-cuttings esikoleni esincane ifaka izimpande, futhi ifakwa zibe izimbiza.
- Kuthathwa isobho se-200ml, izitshalo zitshalwe enye ngayinye esitsheni.
- Emasontweni amathathu emva kokufakelwa i-bergamot embizeni, ungafaka isitshalo okokuqala.
Njengoba uzame kancane, kungenzeka ukuba ukhule imitha emibili, isihlahla esivamile, umuthi omuhle ekamelweni, ngesimo esingavamile ngamagqabhagqabhagqabhagqabhagqabha kanye nezimbali ezimhlophe zeqhwa. Futhi ekugcineni, ukubeka indebe yetiyi etafuleni phambi kwezivakashi, engeza i-bergamot ikhule ngokwabo iphunga elimnandi!
