Isihlahla sezindwendwe ezivela eBelrusrus - uhlobo lwe-Cherry Vyanok

Ubuhle kanye nephunga elingenakulibaleka lezinsimu ze-cherry phakathi nenkathi yezimbali zivame ukuthandwa yizimbongi ezichaza lo mcimbi omangalisayo ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ezikhanyayo nezicacile.

Ngempela, lesi sihlahla esimnandi, esihle, ngokutshala nokunakekelwa okufanele kunganikeza injabulo enkulu kumnikazi wayo.

Entwasahlobo, lezi zimbali ezibucayi ezigcwalisa isikhala esiseduze nephunga layo, ehlobo - ama-juice, ama-ruby berries, umhlobiso oyigugu kunoma yiliphi ingadi, futhi-ke, imifino enomnandi kanye ne-compotes, enikeza injabulo enkulu kubantu abadala nasezingane.

Ngamafuphi, i-cherry yisitshalo esilungele ukuhlala kunoma iyiphi insimu, kusukela ezindaweni eziseningizimu kuya ezindaweni ezinezulu elitholile futhi elipholile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ujabulela uthando oluvela kubalimi abaningi abakhulayo ngeziqephu zabo.

Njengamanje, inani elikhulu ngokwanele lezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry, okuhloswe ukutshala ngezimo ezihlukahlukene.

Enye yazo yizinhlobonhlobo zama-cherry ze-Belarusian e-Vianok, ehlukaniswa ukungathobeki nokuvunwa okuphezulu, incazelo egcwele yezici nezithombe zesithelo kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

I-copyright yokukhiqiza lezi zinhlobonhlobo iyingxenye ye-Institute of Horticulture ye-National Academy of Sciences yaseBelarus, okungukuthi, abasebenzi bayo: E.P. I-Syubarova, R.M. Sulimova, M.I. I-Vyshinskaya ne-TS Wide

Yasetshenziswa njengesibonelo somzali. ibanga "i-Novodvorskaya".

E-Russia, ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwayo okusizwa nguhulumeni, "i-Vyanok" yasungulwa ngo-2004, lapho, ngenxa yezici zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokudla, isivuno esikhulu kanye nobunzima bebusika, ngokushesha kwathandwa kakhulu ngokoqobo eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala emva kokubonakala kwayo.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zama cherry ezifana ne-Morozova Dessert, Eziphanayo neZhukovskaya nazo zithandwa kakhulu.

Ukubukeka kwe-Cherry Bream

Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.

Isihlahla

"Vyanok" ibhekisela kuya kumamaki ohlobo oluzwayo injongo yendawo yonke yesikhathi esijwayelekile sokukhula. Izihlahla ihluke kakhulu kunomude futhi mkhulu, ube nomqhele ophakanyisiwe we-thickness, ukuma kwe-pyramidal. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo ezindala kuphakathi kuka-2.5 kuya ku-3.0 m.

I-Kharitonovskaya, i-Fairy ne-Chernokorka nayo iyingxenye yezinhlobo ezizizwayo.

Izithelo

Izithelo zaleli cherry hhayi kakhulu kakhulu, isisindo esiphakathi samajikijolo singama-4 amagremu, ezungezile, ezibushelelezi, eziqhakazile, ezicebile ze-burgundy hue. Ukuhlukaniswa kusuka ku-stem - kulula, ngaphandle kokuswakama.

I-Stone - encane, cishe 3.1 - 5% yobuningi be-fetussithathwe ngaphandle komzamo.

Inyama ebomvu ebomvu ihlukaniswa yi-medium mass, juiciness ephezulu, inezinambitheka ezimnandi nobuhlungu.

Umbala wejusi ubhekisela kuma-griots noma ngaphezulu, unomsola wombala omnyama. Ukunambitha ukuhlola izithelo - 4.5 amaphuzu. Leli qembu lihlanganisa iGriot yaseMoscow, uVolochaevka noVladimirskaya.

Izitshalo zokuhluma zivela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuhlala kwakhe endaweni ehlala njalo. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwenzeka phakathi kwehlobo (ngoJulayi).

Isithombe

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo ze "Bream" ukunambitheka kwayo okuhle. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wesithelo sawo kulandela lokhu:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu wamathani ayi-13 ngehektare ngalinye.

Izitshalo eziphezulu ziboniswa yiBlack Large, uNadezhda noRossoshanskaya Black.

Lo mphumela unikeza uhlelo lokufika 5 x 3 musebenzisa izimpande ze-cherry zasendle, futhi ubumnandi obubusika obuhle, okuvumela isihlahla ukuba sikwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo elihlala njalo, okufaka phakathi okuncane kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho self-fertility izinhlobonhlobo zinamandla okubopha ama-ovarie angaphezulu kuka-20% lapho kutholakala impova nge-pollen yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pollinator enhle kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo.

I-Mayak, i-Novella ne-Yenikeev Memories nayo ikwazi ukuzimela.

Iseluleko esiwusizo: Ukuvuna okuzayo kwe-cherries kuncike kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni okufanele kwamajikijolo. Uma uwasika emaqenjini, ungalimaza igatsha lesitshalo, esimweni lapho kutholakala khona i-fruiting yomuthi.

Phakathi kwezimfanelo ezinhle zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze "Windmills" kufanelekile ukuphawula. ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane. Le cherry ukuzwela kakhulu i-coccomycosis ne-moniliasis. Uhlukana nokulula futhi ukungathobeki ku-agrotechnology.

I-Resin, i-Tsarevna Felt noMorozovka nayo ibonisa ukungazitholi kokulima.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukuze i-cherry izwe kahle ensimini futhi ngonyaka ithele izithelo, ukuhambisana nemithetho yayo yokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukubeka izihlahla ezincane endaweni enokuvikelwa komoya okuhle. Indawo enhle kunazo zonke indawo yayo: ukuphakama okuncane endaweni engaseningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yensimu.

I-Cherry yindawo enhle uhlobo oluthile lwe-loamy olukhanyayo, olunezimo ezinhle zokuphefumula emoyeni nasemanzini.

Uma ukhula emhlabathini owunzima, uzokhula kancane futhi uvumele isivuno esincane kakhulu.

I-Sandstone ayiyona into enhle kakhulu kulesi sitshalo.

I-Cherry inokuphuza ukukhula kubo, yingakho engenawo isikhathi sokulungiselela isikhathi sasebusika.

Ama-peatlands awafanelekile ukutshala ngenxa yobuningi bawo obukhulu nobuqhwala. Okungukuthi, kulokhu umuthi udinga ukuqhuba lonke uhlu lwezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical ezengeziwe.

Isibonakaliso esihle se-acidity yenhlabathi ngu-6.5 - 7.0, ukujula kwendawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2.0 m.

• Ukufika

  Cherry kangcono entwasahlobo yokutshala. Izimbiza zokufika zilungiselelwa lokhu. ubukhulu obungaba ngu-70 - 80 cm, ngokujula kwe-60 cm.Umgogodla uhlanganiswe ngendwangu yomhlabathi omnyama ngokufaka inani elincani lomquba noma umquba ovuthiwe kahle (awukho ngaphezu kuka-15-30 amagremu umuthi ngamunye). Umlotha wokhuni noma umanyolo we-potash wengezwa khona.

  Kubalulekile: hhayi umquba obolile, umquba, ama-nitrogen-based fertilizer emgodini lapho ukutshala kungeke kwenziwe!

  Ikhola lempande lisezingeni eliphansi, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lizohlala cishe ngo-2-5 cm.

  Umuthi omncane udinga ukunqunywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagatsha amakhulu kanye nomqhubi wancishiswa yi-1/3 yobude bawo.

• Ukugqoka okuphezulu

  Lapho umgodi wokutshala "ugcwaliswa kahle" ngonyaka wokuqala nonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ama-cherry amancane adliwe nge-ammonium nitrate ngesilinganiso se-15-30 g ngomuthi womuthi.

  Emva kokuqala kwe-fruiting (iminyaka engu-3-4), 4-6 kg wamanyolo eziphilayo, 9 g we potassium ne-nitrogen kanye no-6 g we-phosphorus zengezwe ngomunye wemitha engu-1 yomqhele emgqeni. Lokhu kudliwa kwenziwa njalo emva kweminyaka emine.

  Ebeleni, ama-cherries aphethwe nge-phosphorus ne-potassium, ewaletha lapho emba emthini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar okungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo nama-pesticides nakho kuphumelela kakhulu kule nqubo.

• Ukunisela

  I-Cherry idinga kakhulu ukuba nomswakama okwanele. Ngokucophelela kufanele ihlolwe ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa kwezithelo.

  Uma kungenawo imvula, kusetshenziselwa ukuphuza ngokushesha ngemuva kokumiswa kwezimbali, endaweni ethile ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngasekuqaleni kukaJune, ke, engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, amaviki 3-4 emva kokusila, kanti ngoJulayi, uma kudingekile.

  Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi amaningi ngokweqile phakathi nale nkathi ingaholela eqinisweni lokuthi amajikijolo avuthiwe azoqhekeka futhi alahlekelwe isethulo sabo.

  Ukuze i-cherry ikhuthaze kahle ebusika, esimweni sezulu esomile kufanele isiphuze kusukela ngoSepthemba kuze kuqale kuka-Okthoba. Isilinganiso sokunisela: ama-50-60 amalitha ngamamitha ayi-1 square, kuya ekujuleni okungaba ngu-40 cm.

• Ukudubula
  Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle samajikijolo esihlwabusayo nesiphunga elimnandi, ama cherries adinga ukusika kahle. Yenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuvuswa kwezinso, ezinsukwini zokuqala zentwasahlobo. Ukunciphisa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokunciphisa noma ukunciphisa.

  Ukugcoba kususa amagatsha abuthakathaka, abagulayo akhula ngendlela engafanele. Uma unciphisa, ingxenye yokukhula isusiwe, okuyisisusa sokukhula okungcono kwezitshalo. Ukunciphisa akufanele kube namandla kakhulu.

  Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithi yokuqala engu-5-6 imiswe kuphela ukuvimbela ukwehlisa ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane nokwanda ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Vyanok" ibhekwa njengezinqaba kakhulu ezifweni eziningi. Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ayinandaba nesitha sayo esiyinhloko - i-coccomycosis, ebonakala ngezindawo ezincane zombala obomvu obomvu obonakala emaqabunga kanye nokuqhakaza okwesibhakabhakeni - i-sporulation e-conidial, ebonakala ngaphansi kwayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga asomile bese ewa, kanti lapho isifo singanakwa, amaqabunga aphelelwa ngoJulayi, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo asinakuphila ngisho nobusika obumnene.

Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-fungus ehlala emaqabungeni awile esezulwini somhlaba. Ngentwasahlobo, izinhlamvu zakhe zisakazwa engadini bese zihlasela amaqabunga amancane.

Ukuphikisana ne-coccomycosis nakho kungabonga u-Ashinskaya, uTamaris, iPodbelskaya, noLebedyanskaya.

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, kuyadingeka ukuba kwenziwe ukucubungula okukwenziwa kwama cherry ngesikhathi. Inombolo yabo kufanele ibe okungenani 4 ngonyaka:

• I-1st - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izinso zivuvukala. Ama-fungicide asetshenziselwa ukuthintana nawo (Bordeaux liquid, eyenziwe, oxychloride yethusi, njll).
• Iwesibili - ngesikhathi sokuqala sokubhakabhaka. Ukulungiswa kweqembu lesistimu ("Skor", "Topsin M").
• 3 - ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa kwayo.
• 4th - amasonto amabili emva kwe-3.

I-cherry ingabuye isetshenzwe ngemuva kokuvuna amajikijolo, uma ihlaselwa ama-aphid.

Ukuze kube nomthelela omuhle, amakhemikhali asetshenzisiwe kumele ashintshwe. Kuhle futhi ukusebenzisa ingxube yokuxhumana nezidakamizwa zesistimu noma hlanganisa i-fungicides nama-insecticide ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Inhlanganisela enhle: "Skor", ngokumelene coccomycosis ne "Fufanon" kusuka kuma-aphid.

Ngamafuphi, ngaphansi kwemithetho yokutshala nokunakekelwa okufanele, i-cherry "i-Vyanok" iqonde kahle kunoma iyiphi insimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingatshalwa ezindaweni ezingenomhlaba obandayo. Futhi-ke, ngokulandela imithetho elula ye-agrotechnology, ukugcina umbuso ofanele wokufaka umanyolo nokuphuza, lesi siko esimnandi siyojabulisa minyaka yonke ngokuvuna okucebile kwamajikijolo anomnandi, amnandi futhi anambithekayo.

Uma ufuna izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kokuqala, unake izinhlobonhlobo zeMorozova Dessert, Resin noma i-Podbelskaya.

Buka ividiyo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry.