Kungani i-Gloxinia ihlahlela? Funda konke ngezifo nezinambuzane

Uma ufuna ukukhulisa i-gloxinia, kufanele uzijwayele ubunzima obungakulindela ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko yizinambuzane nezifo lapho i-gloxinia iveza khona.

Kungani i-gloxinia ifihlekile?

Uma ubhekene neqiniso lokuthi amaqabunga e-gloxinia yakho yaqala ukubolaLe nkinga ingaba nezimbangela eziningana. Omunye wabo ukuphuza ngokweqile isitshalo. Uma amaqabunga ebola ngenxa yobuningi bomhlabathi obuningi, udinga kuphela ukulungisa ukuchelela. Amaqabunga angase aqale ukubola uma i-gloxinia ikhula enhlabathini enamandla kakhulu.

Zama ukutshala isitshalo, ususe indawo yakho ngokuphelele. Futhi enye imbangela yokubola ingaba ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, eyenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-fertilizer aqukethe i-nitrogen. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, sebenzisa kuphela umanyolo obunzima we-gloxinia, okubandakanya hhayi i-nitrogen kuphela, kodwa i-potassium, i-phosphorus nezinye izinto eziwusizo.

I-Anthracnose

I-anthracnose ibhekisela ezifweni ezifayo. Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko yizindawo ezimnyama ezivele kungazelelwe emaqabunga e-gloxinia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala ahlasela amahlumela nesitshalo sesitshalo, okungabangela ukubola nokubhujiswa kwabo.

Uma i-anthracnose ingelashwa, ingaholela ekufeni kwekati lakho.

I-anthracnose ivame ukuhlasela lezo zitshalo ezilimazayo noma zikhule ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kuhambisana nomswakama ophezulu kanye ne-pH ephezulu emhlabathini, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus.

Ukuze uvikele i-gloxinia kusuka ku-anthracnose, kufanele ifakwe nge-oxychrome, i-cuproxate noma i-chloroxide yethusi.

Ukujwayela ukubhubhisa yonke into yokusungula emva kokusetshenziswa, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asiyona into yokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.

Uma i-gloxinia esinegciwane elikhulu nge-anthracnose, kufanele ulibhubhise ukuvimbela i-fungus ekusakazeni kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini. Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi sifo singaphulukiswa, okudingeka kudingeke ukususa izingxenye ze-gloxinia ezithintekile yi-fungus nokubeka lesi sitshalo izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngamafungicide nge-interval of one and half to weeks.

I-Ascohitosis

I-Ascochitis isifo sofungal, izibonakaliso eziyinhloko ezibomvu noma ezibomvu ngamachashaza asundu abonakala emaqabunga asitshalo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kunomthelela omkhulu kumswakama ekamelweni lapho i-gloxinia ikhula khona.

Uma uthola izibonakaliso ze-ascohitosis ekatini lakho, masuse masinyane amaqabunga abathintekayo bese uwashise. Phatha lesi sitshalo nge-Bordeaux ingxube, i-sulphate yethusi noma i-fungicides efana ne-Vectra, i-Abiga-peak. Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi, ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe.

I-Phyllosticosis

Efaniswa nokubonakala emaqabunga asitshalo. izindawo ezimnyama nxazonke enomphakathi obomvu.

Njengoba iqabunga likhula endaweni yalezi zindawo, izinyembezi zivela. Ukuthola izimpawu ezifanayo, ngokushesha usule lesi sitshalo, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kunomthelela omkhulu kumswakama. Izidakamizwa ezisekelwe emgodini, okungukuthi, ingxube yeBordeaux, i-oxychloride yethusi noma i-copper sulfate, izosiza ukuqeda phyllossticosis.

I-Septoria

Ibhekisela ezifweni imvelo yefungal. Kuthathwa imvula nomoya. Izimo ezifanele zokuthuthukiswa kwe-septoria yizi:

• indawo yesitshalo ekamelweni, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakathi kwama-degrees angamashumi amabili kuya kwangu-amabili kuya phezulu kunezinga, kanti umswakama womoya usezingeni lika-98%;
• ukuhlanza amahlamvu esitshalo, isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amane nesishiyagalombili;
• ukukhanya okuncane kwesitshalo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-septoriais zibonakala ngamagqabi ezinombala emagqabeni, afana nokugqwala, ukuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kwamaqabunga, ukugoba nokumelela iziqu kanye namahlumela. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-septoria, noma yimiphi imithi esekelwe ithusi noma i-fungicide efana ne-benomyl, i-mancozeb, i-chlorothalonil noma i-maneb ingasetshenziswa. Ukucubungula izitshalo ngenye yalezi zidakamizwa kufanele kwenziwe kabili nge-interval kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi.

Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana

Ukulimala okuphelile kungenye ye izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zefungal. Ingasakazeka emhlabathini, ukutshala isitoko, izinto zokutshala ezingcolile, kanye namanzi emvula.

Ukwelashwa kwesitshalo ngokuvamile kuvame izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso ezinkulu zesifo. Ukuthuthukiswa kokulimala okuphelile kuhambisane nezimo ezilandelayo:

• indawo emincane kakhulu
• amanzi aphelile embizeni yembali
• ukufakwa kwesitshalo esikhulu kakhulu
• ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanganiswa kwezwe okungelona inzalo
• ukuphuza izitshalo ngamanzi emvula nokuphalaza njalo
• umswakama womoya ongaphezu kwama-80%
• I-Gloxinia itholakala ekamelweni lokushisa kwe-air kusuka emazingeni ayishumi nesikhombisa kuya kwayishumi amabili ngaphezu kwe-zero, okuyinto ebusuku iyanqamuka kuya ezigidini eziyishumi

Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokulimala okulethwa yisikhathi zifaka:

• izindawo ezinsundu emaqabunga azungezwe endaweni eluhlaza
• isikhunta esimhlophe ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga, esibonakala esimweni semvula
• amaqabunga owomile ngesikhathi sezulu futhi ebola lapho emanzi
• imivimbo yembala omnyama obomvu emagqabeni neziqu zeqabunga
• ukuqhuma njalo kwesitshalo
• ukubonakala kwe-annular depressions kwisiqu se-gloxinia ngezansi kwenhlabathi

Kunzima kakhulu ukuphulukisa ukulimala kwamuva, ngoba i-pathogen yayo ayiphenduli emithini yemithi eyaziwayo. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nalesi sifo ukuvimbela. Kumele kube ukuphalaza noma ukuphuza isitshalo ngezixazululo ze-fungicides ezifana ne-kuprozan, i-polycarbotside, i-zineb, i-polymarcin noma i-captan. Ukwelashwa nabo kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezingase zibe negalelo ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, futhi isikhathi esingaphakathi kwezokwelapha kufanele sibe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Uma lesi sitshalo sisagula ngesikhuthazo sekwephuzile, kuzodingeka uhlukane nayo.

Grey ukubola

Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokubola ezimpunga zingabizwa ngokuthi kubukeka i-grey plaque ekhanda emigqeni ye-gloxinia, ama-leaf stalks nama-pedicels. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isitshalo siqala ukubola ngokushesha. Izimbangela zokubola ezimpunga zingakhuphuka umswakama, indawo esondelene kakhulu yezitshalo, ukungabi nomoya wokuphuza umoya kanye ne-flat substrate.

Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi kwenzeke yini ukubola okwephuzi, nikeza amanzi okulinganisela ku-gloxinia, futhi ungeze isanti, i-vermiculite, noma i-perlite ku-substrate ukuze uqinisekise ukuphumula okuhle kwezimpande. Ventilate ekamelweni lapho i-gloxinia ikhula khona kaningi, kodwa ungavumeli ama-drafts.

Ama-fungicide angasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-gray grey, isikhashana phakathi kwezokwelapha kufanele sibe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Idonsa likaMealy

I-mealy ibhekisela ezifweni uhlobo lwefungal. Kubonakala ukubonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo sombala omhlophe we-arachnid, okube sekuphenduka i-powdery. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kugqugquzelwa ukuchelela ngokweqile kwalesi sitshalo, ukwehla okushisayo okushisa, kanye nokudambisa ekamelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isitokisi sokutshala. Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteka yi-powdery isikhutha ngokuphelele, kuhle ukuyibhubhisa. Esikhathini sokuqala lesi sifo kuzosiza ukuphalaza noma yikuphi ukubulala, okungafanele kwenziwe kuphela nge-gloxinia, kodwa futhi nokuma eduze kwezitshalo.

I-Downy isikhutha

I-Downy isikhutha, noma i-perinospora, ibhekisela kuwo izifo ze-fungal. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kunomthelela ekwehleni lokushisa okubukhali. Ukutheleleka kungase kwenzeke nangokuphuza noma ukuphalaza isitshalo ngamanzi emvula. Isikhukhula samapulangwe ngesimo samachashaza angabonakali avela emaqabunga. Lezi zindawo zingaba nombala ophuzi ophuzi, ophuzi obomvu, obomvu noma obomvu, futhi ube nombala. Ngezinye izikhathi izindawo ezizungezwe umngcele obuthakathaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baphenduka obomvu futhi bomile. Ehlangothini langaphakathi lamaqabunga, iziqhingi ze powdery powder ekhanyayo zikhula ngendlela efanayo.

Uma izibonakaliso ezinjalo zitholakala, kubalulekile ukususa wonke amaqabunga abonakalisiwe avela ku-gloxinia, bese uphatha isitshalo ngelinye lamalungiselelo njengo-Abiga-pik, Bravo, Optimo, Previkur, noma amanye amalungiselelo afanayo.

Thrips

I-Thrips ikhona izinhlobo eziphilayo ezidumile kakhuluukuhlasela i-gloxinia. Lezi zinambuzane zidla uketshezi lwesitshalo, okuholela ekufeni kwayo. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-thrips yizindawo eziqhakazile, imivimbo namabala emaqabunga e-gloxinia. Uma kutholakala izimpawu ezifanayo, ngokushesha uhlukanise ummbila ne-gloxinia kusuka kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini bese uyiphatha ngesinye sezilungiselela zokubulala izinambuzane. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa i- "Intavir", "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Fitoverm" noma "iKarate".

Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-gloxinia nokugcinwa kwalesi sitshalo ezimweni ezinhle kuzokusiza ukuba ugweme ukubonakala kwanoma iziphi izifo nezinambuzane.

Isithombe

Okulandelayo ungabona izithombe zezinkinga ze-Gloxinia nezinambuzane:

Izinto eziwusizo

Ngezansi uhlu lwezihloko ezingase ziwusizo kuwe:

1. Ukukhiqiza i-Gloxinia
2. Plant Gloxinia
3. I-Gloxinia iqhakaza
4. Indlela yokunakekela i-Gloxinia ebusika
5. Izinhlobo ze-Gloxinia