Izinambuzane ezingenakunyakaziswa nezingenayo ziyizinambuzane eziyingozi zemithi yezithelo.
Izibungu zazo ezivuthayo ziyakwazi ukushiya umlimi wensimu ngaphandle kwesitshalo.
Ukulondoloza ingadi kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwe-silkworms akulula uma wazi amaphethini wokuzala izinambuzane futhi basebenzise izindlela eziphumelelayo zokulwa nazo.
Izinhlobo ze-silkworm
Akuphelelwe amandla
Lena butterfly ehlobene umndeni wakwaWolf.
Kungcono kunesayizi enkulu, kanti insikazi ihluke kakhulu kumuntu wesilisa ngobukhulu, umumo nombala.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-silkworm engaphiliwe ibizwa ngegama layo.
Amaphiko wezinsikazi angama-8 cm. Ngamaphiko ayo aphuzi amhlophe aphuzi, amabala e-wavy ahamba phambili ombala omnyama omnyama ashiwo ngokucacile. Ama-paws nezintambo zezinsikazi zimnyama, kanti isisu esinamafutha sinamabala aluhlaza. Iphuzu le-pubescent yakhe enkulu.
I-silk yesilisa yindoda ingabonwa yizintambo zayo ezingavamile ezimpunga ezimnyama, ezibunjwa njengezimpaphe. Amaphiko amaphiko ayo aphuzi aluhlaza ngaphezu kuka-4.5 cm. Imivimbo emikhulu nezindawo ezimnyama zibonakala kumaphiko angaphambili. Isisu sesilisa sinomzimba omncane ngekhanda lezinwele ezisempondweni.
Usizo - Ngenxa yesakhiwo esingavamile sezintuthwane, owesilisa we-Gypsy Moth uyakwazi ukuthola insikazi engu-11 km!
Amaqanda ama-Butterfly anemibala yokuqala ephuzi abese emhlophe emhlophe. Ukuma kwawo kuyindilinga futhi igcwele kancane, futhi ububanzi obungaphezulu kuka-1.2 mm. Amacimbi abomvu abomvu ahlukaniswe yiqiniso lokuthi emhlane wabo kukhona amaphuzu angu-11 e-red and warts warts, ngalinye elihlanganiswe ngendwangu yezinwele. Usayizi wamathrekhi ufinyelela ku-7.5 cm.
I-gypsy moth ubusika esiteji seqanda. Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izibungu zizalwa kubo, okuyinto, ehlakazeka phakathi kwezihlahla, ziqala ukudla ngokuqinile emahlathini, amaqabunga, amaqabunga nezimbali. Ngenxa yokubamba izinwele futhi ngosizo lomoya, ngokufuna ukudla, izibungu ziyakwazi ukumboza amabanga angaba ngu-12 km. Bondla kakhulu izinyanga ezimbili bese kuthi uhlanganise amaqabunga phakathi kwegxolo noma phakathi kwamaqabunga futhi pupate.
Emasontweni amabili ngoJulayi-Agasti, amavolontiya aphuza ama-cocoons. Ngemuva kokubeletha, babeka amaqanda emagqabeni emithi, iziqu, phakathi kwamatshe nasezingxenyeni ezingaphansi.
Amaqanda ama-Butterfly ahlangana ne-grayish fluff, ngenxa yalokho ama-clutches afana nemigodi ephuzi ephuzi kuze kufike ku-3 cm ububanzi, ehlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngezinwele.
Isithombe
Manje ungabheka inundu yesilika esithombeni:
Ikhala
Le butterfly encane enombala we-cocoon-izinaliti ezinamaphiko angaphezu kuka-4 cm. Kukhona umugqa omnyama emaphandleni angaphambili. Amaqanda i-butterfly eholayo-grey, i-cylindrical shape. Umbala wendwangu yesikhumba unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomugqa omhlophe obala phakathi nendawo ne-orange kanye nobumnyama obuluhlaza ezinhlangothini. Ubude bombumbi buwu-6 cm. Buhlanganiswe kakhulu ngamafushane, ama-velvety, kanye nezinwele ezinde, ezincane.
I-silkworm yezinsikazi ibeka amaqanda angama-400 azungeze amahlumela, amahlumela noma amaqabunga amaqabunga. Ubuciko bubukeka njengendandatho ebanziukumboza ukuphunyuka. Ukuze uthole uhlobo olunjalo lwesimo se-egg-laying elinezinyosi ezenziwe ngamaqanda futhi lathola igama layo.
Kusukela emaqanda asele ukuba ahlale e-hibernate entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso izimbungu zivela. Ukudla ngokuzikhandla, bahamba ngezinyathelo ezi-5 ze-molting. Amacimbi ngokuvamile adla ebusuku futhi ahlala emakoloni., ntambama iqoqa emafolokheni amagatsha aminyene futhi ihlela izidleke ezihlanjwe emasongweni lapho. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-45 ekuqaleni kukaJuni, izibungu zihamba emagqabeni ahlanjululwe, zibophe nge-cocoon eqinile, zikhuphuke ngaphakathi ziphenduke zibe yi-pupa. Amasonto ambalwa kusukela ku-cocoon aqhuma i-butterfly.
Isithombe
Vala izihlobo zezinambuzane
Kulezi zinambuzane, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziseduze nezici ze-morphological: ku-pipula ne-euphorbia ene-coedon-ecocoon, engapheli, i-silkworm yegolide, okunye okuyaziwa njengegolidefinder. Lezi zimvemvane zifana nokubukeka, kepha zihluka ngokulingana ngosayizi nemifanekiso yebala.
Ukusabalalisa kwezwe
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Gypsy moth yiyona yonke iYurophu eya ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeFinland neScandinavia, kanye neNyakatho Melika, eNyakatho Afrika, eJapane namazwe ase-Asia Minor.
E-Russia, izinambuzane zivame kakhulu eningizimu nasensimini yonke lapho i-oki ikhula khona.
Itholakala eSiberia, esifundeni saseBaikal (55-57 ° enyakatho latitude), eMpumalanga Ekude.
Ama-silkworms aqoshiwe avamile eYurophu, ngaphandle kwe-Far North, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Korea, eJapane, nasenyakatho yeChina. Engxenyeni yaseRussia, ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia.
Yini engozini?
Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyizinambuzane zombili izitshalo eziqhamukayo nezithelo. Bangalimaza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezihlahla. Kusukela ezitshalweni zezitshalo, i-silkworm engasebenzi kahle ikhetha ama cherry, amaplamu, amapheya kanye nama-apula, kanti ama-ringed akhetha ama-apula kuphela..Amacimbi amelela ingozi ensimini.
odla amaqabunga, amaqabunga amancane nezimbali.
Isibungu esisodwa se-silkworm ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuthuthukiswa kwayo sikwazi ukudla amaqabunga ama-30 amancane. Ngokubambisana okukhulu futhi ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi esifanele, izinambuzane ezivunguzayo ziphuma emthini ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamahlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo soma futhi sifa. Amaqanda amahlanu noma ayisithupha amaqanda okusilika emthini owodwa uyingozi kuye.
Ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwe-silkworm engasebenzi
Ukulwa ne-silkworm kuqala ukuhlola njalo apula kanye nezinye izihlahla zezithelo ekwindla nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo.
I-egg etholakalayo-eqoqwe iqoqwe ngokucophelela futhi ishiswa. Bangabuye bangcwatshwe emhlabathini uhhafu wemitha ejulile.
Amahlumela anamaski okuvunguza we-silkworm ensimbi anqunywe futhi ashiswa futhi.
Ushaywe Izibungu zivuna ngesandla.. Isizukulwane esincane se-silkworm esinezintambo singatholakala kalula emafolokheni amagatsha ekuseni. Futhi izicupho zeglue eziphumelelayoihlelwe phansi phansi kwesiqu. Zivimbela ukusabalala kwezinambuzane kusuka ekuhlanganiseni okusezimpandeni.
Endabeni yokuhlaselwa kweMoth, izihlahla zifakwe nge-insecticide ezifana "Antio", "Zolon", "Karbofos", "Metathion" noma "Phosphamide". Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngenkathi izimbungu ziphakama kumqhele, futhi ekugcineni kokufuduka kwazo. Asincoma ukuphatha izihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngoba amakhemikhali angalimaza izinambuzane eziphilayo ezizuzayo.
Imikhiqizo elandelayo yemvelo nayo isetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sifo: "Lepidotsid", "Dendrobatsilin", "Entobakterin", "Bitoksibatsilin". Zifakwe emithini ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwamacimbi. Ngemuva kwesonto, ukwelashwa kuphindwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kudinga izimo ezithile: izinga lokushisa lomoya lisuka ku-18 kuya kuma-25 ° С, futhi umswakama awuwona ngaphansi kuka-60%.
Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokubeka nokuvuthwa kwezithelo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingenabungozi zomuntu ukulawula isilwane. Ukuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo isisombululo esigcwele isisombululo se-coniferous concentrate (4 wezipuni ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi). Lelixazululo lingasetshenziswa ngezihlahla izikhathi eziningi. Amacimbi ayenesaba ukumnika umhlonyane, utshani obubolile, izithombo zomunwe, isinaphi.
Izinambuzane zingangena emgqeni bamba umfula oqinile emthini, uqoqe emhlabathini bese ubhubhisa. Ukugcina ngokuphumelelayo izihlahla ezivela emacimbini kanye nezitha zemvelo zezinambuzane yizinyoni. Ukuheha izinyoni ensimini indawo esakhiweni izinyoni eziningana.
Njengoba sibona, izinambuzane ezingasebenzi futhi zingenwe zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ensimini yezithelo. Ukuze ubhekane nezinambuzane noma ngisho nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwabo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ingozi ngesikhathi bese uthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
