Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka eziteshini zokuzalanisa izitshalo, kwenziwa umsebenzi owenza umzamo wokwakha izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi yezithelo ezinamakhaza.
Uma izihlahla ze-apula sezilokhu zithatha izimpande eSiberia nase-Urals, amapheya ayedinga ukusebenza kanzima, ngenxa yalokho ababelethwe khona izinhlobo zasebusika eziqinile okukhethwa kuqala.
Abazange nje babe yisisekelo sezinhlobo ezintsha ezithuthukisiwe, kodwa futhi bahlala bebathandwa ngabalimi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibandakanya amapareya I-Northerner - Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, izithombe zezithelo nabalimi ukubuyekezwa kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
Lokhu kungenye ye izinhlobo zakuqala zasehlobo.
I-Northerner kakhulu ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting. Ukuvuna kakade kuyatholakala Unyaka wesi-2-4.
Izinhlobo zama-pear zasehlobo zihlanganisa futhi: iDuchess, iTokovetka, iChizhovskaya, i-Skorospelka yaseMichurinsk neSeveryanka Red-cheeked.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Ngo-1959, iNhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi uMichurin yaletha Svetlyanka ezihlukahlukene, ukusatshalaliswa okwaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa kokulawula.
Ukubuyiselwa okuhle kwezinto ezihlukahlukene emva kokubanda kwasebusika baseSiberia kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa umsebenzi waqhubeka, futhi ekugcineni wafika I-Northerner, inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yeSvetlyanka.
I-Grade ithole i-PN Yakovlev lapho ewela ezimbili: Isifuyo sikaClapp futhi Koparechka inombolo 12. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngesikhathi ukhetho lwesiteshi ku I-Chelyabinsk. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivela ekuqaleni zazibizwa "Ukutshala uJakovlev inombolo 103" ngokuhlonipha umdali wayo.
Khona-ke lezi zihlukahlukene zaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi ipear Severyanka Yakovlev, ngoba kwaba eyenzelwe izindawo zaseNyakatho, futhi kamuva waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi u-Severyanka kuphela. Nakuba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya zihlala ethandwa kwi-Urals, kodwa ukutholakala kwawo okusha kwemboni akutholakali.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Severyanka cishe ayisetshenziswanga nakancane ekukhiqizeni. Inani lalezi zihlukahlukene liye lahla ngenxa yokuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha, ezikhiqizayo.
Ngakho-ke, yena, njengabandulele bakhe, utholakala kuphela ezindadini ezizimele ESiberia. Ikakhulukazi ithande eliphakathi kwezinhlobo ze-Northerner kubalimi AmaBashkiria, izifunda zaseKurgan naseChelyabinsk ze-hardiness ebusika obuphezulu, ukuchaza kabanzi zonke izici ezihlukahlukene nezithombe zesithelo.
Ukutshala ezindaweni zaseSiberia zeRussia Federation izinhlobo ezifanele Svarog, Tyoma, Krasnobakaya, Krasulya naseLada.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeSeveryanka
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Isihlahla
Izitshalo phansi, nomqhele omkhulu we-pyramidal we-thickness medium, zikhona namafomu azungezile. Ukukhula ngokushesha. Amaqabunga ombala anenhlabathi eluhlaza.
Zinephuzu elincane elikhomba, lifana neqanda eliphikisiwe.
Izitshalo nazo ziluhlaza okombala futhi zifushane ubude. Ama-stiples anomumo we-saber.
Ku-inflorescence kuze kube izimbali ezingu-6. Amapetali ayenjalo, amhlophe, imbali inehlobo lwesoso encane.
Isithelo
Izithelo zivuthwe ubukhulu obuphakathi kwe-80 kuya ku-100 amagremu. Ayakhula isimo esisodwa esisodwa, esinesigxathu-conical. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna kukhona ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhakake kancane kancane abe ophuzi obomvu, okuncane okuluhlaza. Isikhumba asibi, kepha kunzima kakhulu.
Inyama nayo ikhulu kakhulu, ukhilimu omuncu, okunephunga elimnandi, elimnandi, elinomusa omuncu omncane, ongenasineke.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa, zinombala, zinkulu, zihlelwe ezinkomeni ezincane zembewu.
Isithombe
Izici
Ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokunisela okufanele Ukukhiqizwa kwekhasi kungu-45-60 kg. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimnandi ehlobo kusukela emthini owodwa ongakwenza qoqa futhi ufike ku-100 kg.
I-Northerner ikhona ezihlukahlukene ezivumela. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele ukubonakala kombala ophuzi obushelelekile esikhumbeni, kodwa imbewu ihlale imhlophe. Izithelo akuzona ubukhulu obuyingxenye eyodwa.
Qala ukuvuna amapheya ngomhla weshumi ka-Agasti futhi uhlala cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kwenyanga. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, i-pulp isithelo iba nsundu.
Izithelo ezifinyelele ukugcwele, zancipha ngokuphelele emthini zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Izithelo zigcinwa cishe Izinsuku ezingu-10 ekamelweni elipholile ngo-container noma wicker containers.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuziphatha Qoqa ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-5-7, ukuvimbela izithelo eziwela. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, izithelo eziqoqwe kusengaphambili zigcinwe emiphongolweni ebandayo noma isiqandisini kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili.
Uma ukuzitholela impova lezi zinhlobonhlobo, kuphela izithelo ezingafika ku-30% eziboshwe. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kudinga impova.
I-Northerner iyasiza ukutshala endaweni ebangeni Inkumbulo Yakovlevokuyinto ingcono kakhulu ye-pollinator yayo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinobulukhuni obunzima obusika kanye nokubekezelelana kwesomiso esiphakathi. Kube khona amacala ku-Ufa, ngenkathi phakathi kwamaqhwa amancane Izihlahla ezincane kuphela ezifakwe amazinga angama-50.
Futhi ngokunciphisa isikhathi eside izinga lokushisa kuya ku--42 degrees, ingxenye engezansi yafa, kodwa izihlahla ngokushesha zathola. Ngokuntuleka kwezithelo zomswakama kunciphisa, ukunambitheka kuyaba kubi kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwezivuno ngamasonto amabili kuya kwamabili.
Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwebusika-ezinamandla zihlanganisa futhi: Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Tikhiy Don noTatiana.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala lesi sitshalo kumele ukhethe ilanga, livikelekile emoyeni. Kunconywa ukuba ulungiselele umgodi wokufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kokuthenga izithombo.
Ukubeka phansi kwegoli umquba kanye nama-humus. Inani layo lizoba 60 cm ububanzi futhi cishe 90-100 cm ububanzi.
Ukudubula kokuqala kwepeyari kwenziwa ngemuva kokutshala. Uma isithombo singenamagatsha omzimba nhlobo, lesi sitshalo sinomshini owodwa, okungcono uthathe ukuphakama kwama-70-90 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi ugcine okungenani amahlumela amathathu athuthukile.
Lolu hlobo lokudubula lwenziwa njalo entwasahlobo iminyaka embalwa emva kokutshala isihlahla.
Amapheya athande umswakamangakho-ke Ukuphuza kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Ukutshala ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila komuthi. Ubusika udinga Qinisekisa ukufudumala lezi zihlahla ezincane ngenxa yokuthi bangakwazi ukuhlushwa emakhazeni.
Buka i-workshop yevidiyo ngokusika izikhonkwane:
Izifo nezinambuzane
Hlunga i-moth kanye ne-pear gall resistantant. Uma kungazelelwe kube khona ukushisa kwamaqabunga entwasahlobo, khona-ke kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ngenxa yokushisa amabhaktheriya.
Ngokuvamile, kodwa kunezifo ezinjengokuthi, isibonelo:
- I-Mycoplasma Disease, noma i- "Witch Broom";
- //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html;
- Izithelo zibola.
Ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane zihlasela umuthi:
- butterfly hawthorn;
- i-pear leaf gall gall midge izibungu zazo zihlala futhi zondla ama-tissue amaqabunga nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo.
Ukuphikisana nezifo kuboniswa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-pear: Elena, Pamyati Yakovleva, Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Autumn Yakovleva noMarble.
Uma utshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeSeveryanka engadini yakho, ungajabulela izithelo ezimnandi minyaka yonke. Lezi zihlukahlukene zinhle zokuzalisa ezintsha. Amapheya ayithathwa njengesitshalo esihlala njalo ngezithelo ezinhle.
