U-spruce - umhlobiso wendawo yonke yendawo. Ebusika nasehlobo, kuhlala kuhle, kuvuselela umhlaba futhi kuwuhloniphe. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukukhetha i-spruce efanele yesayithi, izinhlobo nezinhlobo zazo ezibalwe eziningana eziningana.
Ngokwemvelo yesihlahla sase-spruce - izihlahla ezide ezivuthiwe zinekhanda elincane elibunjiwe kanye nesihlahla esibushelelezi. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobo ezintsha zenziwe, futhi izihlahla zithandeka kakhulu ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinaliti nokubunjwa okungavamile.
Uyazi? Abaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi ukuphefumula kulula ehlathini le-coniferous. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-spruce iqukethe i-phytoncides enomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular and organ respiratory.
I-Norway ngesi-spruce (i-European)
U-spruce (umuthi ovamile wesihlahla) ungowomndeni we-pin, uhlobo lwe-spruce lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-12 nezinhlobonhlobo, ezihlukile endaweni yamagatsha, ubukhulu, isimo somqhele nombala.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zalolu buhle kuyingxenye enkulu yehlathini ensimini yaseYurophu. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izihlahla ezinjalo azikhuli, ngoba inqwaba yegesi emoyeni ithinta kakhulu ukukhula futhi iyabhubhisa.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-spruce ejwayelekile (i-Picea abies) ishintshe kalula, ngenxa yokuthi iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe. Okuvamile kakhulu izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- I-Acrocona (i-Acrocona). Unomumo wesigqoko esingavamile noma isihlahla. Usayizi nosayizi kuxhomeke ezimweni lapho i-Acrocone ikhula khona. Uma kulungile, ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amathathu ukuphakama futhi amane ngobubanzi. Noma kunjalo, usayizi ojwayelekile wonyaka wesi-spruce uneminyaka eyi-1.5 wamamitha. Izinaliti ezincane zombala okhanyayo obumnyama obumnyama obudala. Ama-cones abomvu abomvu, ekhula kakhulu emaphethelweni amahlumela, abe maroon elikhanyayo entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu umhlobiso, i-Acrocon iyizinhlobo zokuhlobisa, ihambelana ngokuphelele ne-groupings plantings futhi ibheka okuhle. Ukubukeka kwebusika-okuqinile, ukuzwa ngokuphelele emthunzini. Inhlabathi eyomile eyomile kanye nokuqhuma kwamanzi emhlabathini akufanelekile.
- U-Barry (Barryi). Unomqhele omnene owakhiwa ngamagatsha aqinile akhula ngokuzungeza. Izinaliti - umbala ocebile ohlaza, amaqabunga - amakhulu. Izihlahla ze-firini ezincane zinesimo esiphezulu, ekugcineni zilula futhi ziba yi-oval. Uma ukhula ngesakhiwo, kunconywa ukuba ngezikhathi ezithile ufeze ukusika ukuze uthole isimo esifisa. Ihambisana ngokuphelele ekubunjweni.
- Ubulala uZwerg. Ukokonichesky izinhlobonhlobo ezinamachashazi ngomqhele omnene. Ukuphakama komuthi omdala kungamamitha amabili, ububanzi buyi-1 imitha. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tinge ephuzi.
- Inversa (Inversa). Lezi zihlahla zikhula ngokujwayelekile ngomqhele wokukhala, lapho isiqu ekuqaleni kokukhula kufakwe ukuxhaswa. Ikhula kuze kufike kumamitha angu-6-7 ukuphakama nge ububanzi bezinaliti zamamitha amabili. Uma ungayinakekeli i-Inverse, ngeke ikhule ngaphezu kwe-50 cm futhi izohamba emhlabathini, ikhule ngo-25-40 cm ngonyaka. Ngenxa yesimo sayo esingavamile, ingaba umhlobiso wokuqala.
- UMaxwell (Maxwellii). Uma ucabanga ukuthi yiliphi i-spruce elizolikhetha, unake uMaxwell. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane, ukuphakama okuphezulu okungamamitha ayi-2. Umqhele unomphetho noma umcamelo onalitile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ububanzi bomqhele womuthi omdala bungamamitha amabili. Ubekezelela ngokuphelele umthunzi futhi ubusika obukhulu.
- I-Nidiformis (i-Nidiformis). Isihlahla sase-spruce esivamile, ukuphakama kwawo kufomu omdala akudluli imitha eyodwa ngesilinganiso somqhele wamamitha amabili. Ukuma kwesidleke somqhele. Ayithandi i-overmoistening, imelana nesithwathwa. Izihlahla ezincane kudingeka zimboze.
- Ohlendorffy (Ohlendorffii). I-spruce ekhula kancane, ifinyelela kumamitha angu-6 ubude nokuphakama kwamamitha amathathu kumuntu omdala. Crohn dense, spherical noma shirokokonicheskaya. Izigaxa ezibomvu ezincane ziba nsundu obomvu ngokuphela kokuvuthwa. Ubumpofu bubekezelela umhlabathi owomile kanye nomswakama omile. Izwa kahle enhlabathini e-acidic ne-alkali. Ukubekezelela ngokugcwele ukuthungatha kanye neqhwa. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe lesi sihlahla sase-spruce ukunikeza, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi singavimba indawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- UTompa (Tompa). Izinhlobonhlobo zemifino ezikhula zibe ngamamitha angu-1-1.5. Ububanzi bomqhele obanzi obukhulu kakhulu buyi-1.5 emitha. Izwa kahle kakhulu elangeni, emthunzini oyingxenye, inhlabathi ayifuni. I-Krone cishe ayidingi ukunakekelwa okunye nokwethenwa.
- I-Formanek (Formanek). Inomumo ohlangene futhi ukhula ngendiza enezingqimba, ngenxa yokuthi yakha ukugqoka okwemvelo. Ukuze le fir ibe yindilinga, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo kuyadingeka ukwakha isiqu futhi uyibophe ekusekeleni. Ngale ndlela ungathola isililo "sokulila" ngezinaliti ezincane eziluhlaza. I-Formanki ingasetshenziswa njengegumbi le-spruce. Ideal ukuhlobisa isayithi nge terrace evulekile.
- I-Echinformis (Echiniformis). Iqukethe umqhele oyindilinga wesakhiwo esinyene nezinaliti ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhula isikhathi eside, ngakho akudingi ukusika izihlahla njalo. Usayizi omncane likuvumela ukuba usebenzise lesi sihlahla sase-spruce ezindaweni ezincane eqenjini noma ekuhlungeni okukodwa.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ezincane ezishisayo zasehlobo zidinga ukuphuza masonto onke (amalitha ayi-12 ngaphansi kwesihlahla) futhi zikhulule inhlabathi.
I-spruce yaseMpumalanga
Elinye igama lalobuhle yi-Caucasian Spruce (iPicea orientalis). Ngokwemvelo, ikhula ngamamitha angu-50-65 ukuphakama, ngenkathi ibe nomqhele obanzi ngamamitha angu-22. Ukuma komqhele kuyi-pyramid, ngokulenga amagatsha omthunzi omuhle omnyama. 
Izihlahla ezincane zikaKhisimusi zinebala elibomvu (ngezinye izikhathi elibomvu), okushicilela kancane, okukhanyayo. Phezulu kwabancane kunezinhlayiya ze-resin. Izinaliti zifakwe kancane futhi zinyuka phezulu, ngenxa yokuthi azizona izinto ezimbi. Izinaliti ziqinile, ezinzima, zegolide kuqala nokuhlaza okomnyama ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Isici esiyingqayizivele - izinaliti njengokungathi zihlanganiswe ne-varnish.
Umbala wefihlekile ovuthiwe ungaba kusuka obomvu kuya ku-violet-obomvu. Khula emaphethelweni amahlumela engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhula kwe-spruce empumalanga akunakubekezelelani ilanga eliqondile. Lezi zinhlobo zingakhula emhlabathini owomile, kodwa uzwela emoyeni owomile nesomiso.
Emklamo we-landscape isetshenziselwa ukuhlunga iqembu, kodwa kubonakala kuhlaba umxhwele kunesizungu.
I-spruce spiny (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)
Igama lesiLatin lalezi zinhlobo yiPicea pungens. I-Frost, umoya nesomiso ukumelana. Okungcono kunezinye izinhlobo ezibhekene nokungcola kwegesi futhi kunesikhathi eside sokuphila (cishe isigamu sekhulu).
I-spruce ngesihlahla sase-spruce singumndeni we-pin, uhlobo lwe-spruce lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyishumi, ukubukeka okubangela ukubonga njalo. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu, emikhulu (kuze kube ngu-40 m high kanye no-3 m ububanzi), okubhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa eNyakatho Melika. Ama-cones kulezi zinyoni alula kakhulu, avuthwe ngoSepthemba futhi ahlobisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo ezihlobisa izinaliti zingaba nombala ophuzi, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza-konke kuxhomeke ekujuleni kwe-wax yokugqoka. Lapho kuqala ubusika, i-patina iyanyamalala futhi izinaliti ziphenduka obumnyama.
I-spruce ebomvu icebile ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa. Ukukhula nokuklama kuhle:
- I-Belobok (i-Bialobok) - umbala ohlukile ongajwayelekile wegolide we-golden of amahlumela amancane;
- I-Aurea (i-Aurea) - esemncane ifana nezinaliti zegolide, ekugcineni zithola umbala omnyama obumnyama;
- I-Atviridis (Atviridis) - i-spruce eluhlaza okomnyama;
- I-Draymond (i-BlueDiamond) noma i-Blue Diamond - inombala obomvu ogqamile;
- I-Waldbrunn (i-Waldbrunn) - isihlahla sase-spruce esincane, esihle kakhulu sokuhlobisa izindawo ezinamatshe;
- I-Glauca (i-Glauca) - i-spruce nezinaliti ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- I-Glauca Globoza (i-Glauca Globosa) - inamitha engamamitha ama-spruce amamitha amahlanu ububanzi;
- U-Izeli Fasgiata (I-Iseli Fastigiate) iyisihlahla esiphezulu se-fir ephethe amagatsha aphakanyisiwe nezinaliti ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- I-compact (Сompacta) - isitshalo se-spruce esinesisindo esinomqhele ophansi;
- I-Bonfire (iKoster) - i-spruce elikhalayo, ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-10-15 nomqhele wamamitha angu-4-5;
- I-Lutescens (Lutescens) - izinaliti azishintshi umbala wazo unyaka wonke, ngenkathi zihlala ziphuzi;
- I-Montgomery (i-Montgomery) - ibhonsai ngomqhele wokugcoba ebusheni bakhe kanye nesimo se-cone ngendlela evuthiwe;
- I-Oldenburg (i-Oldenburg) - i-spruce encane enezintambo ezinama-wax, amagatsha a-orange agqamile ayenamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho ekhula;
- Ukuthakazelisa - nge kolonovidnoj ngokushesha branched umqhele;
- U-Fat Albert (u-Fat Albert) - unesihlalo esibucayi se-shirokokonichesky emthunzini omnandi okwesibhakabhaka;
- I-Flavescens (i-Flavescens) - ihluke kumbala omhlophe ophuzi wezinaliti;
- I-Cerulia (Coerulea) - umqhele omhlophe we-bluish-white;
- I-Hoopsii iyi-fir tree enhle, okukhula kwayo okuncane okuhlukaniswa nomthunzi obomvu obomvu.
U-spruce omnyama
Le conifer ikhula kuze kube ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-20-30, inomumo omncane womqondo womqhele. Amagatsha omuthi omdala athambekele emhlabathini.
Amahlumela amancane anombala obomvu nge-glandular obukhulu, obomvu obomvu. Izinaliti - i-tetrahedral, i-prickly. Ama-cones ngesimo esivuthiwe anesimo se-ovate (ngezinye izikhathi - spherical). Umbala - obomvu-obomvu.
Kuyinto emelene frost, kahle ukudluliselwa shading, ukungathobeki izinga izinga. Ezikhathini ezomile zidinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe.
Uyazi? Endle, u-spruce omnyama ukhula eNyakatho Melika. EYurophu kuye kwahlonywa kusukela ngo-1700, futhi eRussia kuye kwahlanzwa kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX.
Loluhlobo lwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi lukhula kancane ngisho nasezimo ezihle, okuvumela ukuba lisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezincane.
Uma ufuna ukukhetha u-spruce esakhiweni, qaphela lezi zinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo:
- I-Baysneri (i-Beissneri). Uhlukanisa umqhele obanzi ogcwele izinaliti ezincane, zesiliva-bluish. Ikhula ngamamitha amahlanu ububanzi obufanayo bomqhele.
- I-Baysneri Compact (Beissneri Compacta). Ngenxa yokuzalanisa, ukukhula kwalesi sihlahla saseYurophu akudluli ngamamitha amabili. Ithiphu ayifakiwe.
- UDoumeti (Doumetii). 5-meter ngesihlahla sase-spruce ne-shirokokonichesky isikwele, amagatsha akhula. Umbala wezinaliti usuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-cones akhula ngqo esihlahleni.
- Kobold Isihlahla sase-spruce esinesisindo sokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1, sinomqhele okhululekile obhekene nebhola. Izinaliti zifushane, ziluhlaza okomnyama.
- Argenteo variegata. Uhluke izinaliti ezimhlophe nezihlukahlukene.
- Aurea. Unomqhele wegolide okhazimulayo.
- Emproeides, Erikoides. I-spruce enesibeletho nezinaliti ezincane.
Uyazi? Igama lesiLatini lesi-spruce uPicea lavela e-Roman Pix yasendulo, okusho ukuthi "i-resin". Lezi ziqhakabhaka ezivame ukutshala amahlathi ziyaziwayo iminyaka engaphezu kweyodwa leminyaka futhi zihlala isikhathi eside-zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-300.
I-spruce yase-Serbian (i-Balkan)
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-spruce ezikhona emvelweni, i-spruce yaseSerbia ibhekwa ngokuvumelana kakhulu. Endle, akuvamile futhi kutshalwa ngokuyinhloko. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo luwumqhele omncane owenziwe ngobuncane obuncane. Ngokwesiko elisetshenziselwa imikhosi Yonyaka Omusha.
Lolu hlobo lwama-photophilous, kodwa ngenxa yokujula okujulile kwezimpande ekuthumeni okukodwa kungadwengulwa yimimoya yomoya. Lithwala umoya ongcolile ngokuphelele, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ayinandaba. Ngenxa yesikhumba sezinwele, unganika noma yikuphi ukuma.
I-spruce yaseSerbia ilungele ukukhula kusayithi, futhi abakhi bemvelo bayancoma lezi zinhlobo:
- UNana (Nana). I-spruce efana ne-Bluish. Uma isuswe, i-trunk ingathatha isakhiwo esiyinqaba ngezingqikithi ezingezansi.
- Pendula U-spruce ngekhanda lokukhala futhi ithambo elide kakhulu.
- Qhubeka Bhala ukubuyekeza Hambisa ukubuyekeza Ukubuyekeza kwami Buyekeza kusukela ku- Isihlahla sase-spruce esinezinyosi nomqhele wesibubhaka bluish.
- I-Zuckerhut (i-Zuckerhut). Ikhuni elincane elithuthukile elinomqhele oqoshiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uphuze ngesihlahla se-spruce, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukususa amafihlethi asekupheleni kwamahlumela.
El Sitinskaya
Ukufunda nge-spruce nokuchazwa kwezinhlobo zayo, akuvamile ukuthola umbono onjengo-Sitka (Sitchensis). Futhi akumangazi, ngoba lesi sihlahla esikhulu (izihlahla ezivuthiwe zikhula ngamamitha angu-90) endaweni yeSoviet Union eyayiqhamuka iyalinywa ngaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
Ubuhle baseNyakatho Melika bunomqhele omkhulu kanye nezinaliti zesiliva-eluhlaza. Ama-cones kuya ekuvuthweni anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyinto emelene nesithwathwa.
Naphezu kokukhula okukhulu endle, uma ufisa, ungakhetha iSith spruce yokutshala e-dacha:
- I-Papus (i-Papoose). Isihlahla sase-spruce esinezinyosi ngomqhele okhululekile, ongu-pyramidal oneminyaka yobudala. Ihluke ezinaleni ezinemibala emibili.
- U-Silberzwerg (u-Silber Zwerg). Umuthi we-bonsai nomqhele ojikelezayo wombala obala okwesibhakabhaka.
I-spruce brevera
Lokhu kubukeka okuyingqayizivele okungaziwa kancane, ulwazi mayelana nalo aluhambisani kuzo zonke izinhlu. Naphezu kwalokhu, isihlahla saseYurophu saseBreverara sikhulu ukutshala ensimini: umuthi kulula ukuwulondoloza, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ngaphandle kwemigomo ekhethekile emhlabathini kanye nomswakama, ubheka kahle ngamahlumela amancane.
Lesi sihlahla sase-spruce sinokukhala, izinaliti eziluhlaza ezide (3 cm) ezihlaza. Ikhula ngamamitha angu-10-15 ekuphakameni. Ikhula kancane - 10-15 cm ngonyaka. Amagatsha amakhulu ahlelwe ngokuqondile, aphelile kancane.
Njengoba ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-spruce, akuvamile ukuthi noma ubani ozohlala enganandaba nokunethezeka nobuhle balezi zici. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sizokusiza uthole owesifazane omuhle ozokuthokozisa ngobukhulu bakhe unyaka wonke.
