Izihlahla kanye nezihlahla ezinamaqabunga e-emerald, izimbali eziphuzi, "ama-moths" kanye nama-pods amancane amancane, ahlwanyelwe kakhulu ukuqinisa amathafa nokuvikela imigwaqo, ayingxenye ye-Karagan.
Leli gama le-botanical livela emagameni aseKyrgyz elithi "Kara" - "omnyama" nelithi "ghana" - "indlebe", ebhekisela emahlungwini amnyama, afihliwe emahlathini aminyene alezi zitshalo.
Izinhlobo zazo ezivamile, i-Caragana tree noma i-acacia ephuzi, ikhula emahlathini aseSiberia, emaqenjini ase-Altai naseSayan, eningizimu ye-Urals, eKazakhstan nasezintabeni zaseCaucasus. Indawo ye-acacia ephuzi yandisa kakhulu i-targetings plantings emazweni asezindaweni zokulima ingadi.
Incazelo yezitshalo zezitshalo zeCaragan
Isihlahla esinqabileyo, ngokuvamile i-shrub ifinyelela emamitha amathathu kuya kwangu-6.5, kanti amanye amaqabunga amaqabunga kuma-petioles nasezintabeni kuze kube ngu-15 cm ububanzi, ine-taproot, okuvela kuzo izimpande eziningana ezisizayo.
Uhlelo lomsuka i-acacia ephuzi, ngenxa ye-symbiosis nama-bacterium akhethekile, ingakwazi ukuthola i-nitrogen yomoya, ukuyihumusha ibe ifomu etholakalayo ezitshalweni futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ivuselele inhlabathi.
NgoMeyi noJuni, izimbali ezinombala eziphuzi zefomu, izici zazo zonke izinhlobo zomzimba, ifomu bese zivela emaqeleni e-leaf.
Izithelo ezincane ezivuthiwe zivuthwe emapodini amancane amancane.
- Lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zalezi zitshalo eziwusizo ezingenakuzitholakala zitholakala ezindaweni zokulima ezitshalweni zase-landscape:
- Isihlahla se-pendula (ukukhala okuphuzi okwesibhakabhaka).
- Ussuriyskaya
- Karagana Kustarnikovaya
- Prickly
- Isisindo
Ubusika-obunzima, obunzima, obusheshayo buhlahla kuze kube ngamamitha amabili phezulu ngokulenga amahlumela amade. Iphendula kahle ngokusika izihlahla.
I-spiny low (kuze kube ngamamitha angama-1 nengxenye) i-shrub enamahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obumnyama nokuphuzi okukhulu, kamuva okubomvu, imbali yezimbali kanye nokuhlobisa kakhulu.
Ikhula emphakathini wamamitha amabili, inezinhlobonhlobo ze "grandiflora" ngezimbali ezinkulu, "i-latifolia" ngamaqabunga amakhulu, kanye ne "globoza" enomqhele ohlangene.
Kuhlwanyelwe kusukela ngo-1775, njenge-shrub ebusika-eqinile futhi eqinile kuze kufike kumamitha amahlanu nengxenye ephakeme, okwakhiwa amahlaya aluhlaza, futhi "ngokuqiniswa" ngokuqinisa ama-spikes ayisithupha kuya kweziqu.
Ukuphakama kusuka ku-30 cm kuya ku-1.5 m, nezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo namaqabunga aphuzi, ezihlangene ezinhlangothini, zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile, ziqhakaza zonke ihlobo.
Kufanele futhi sikhulume "Incwadi Ebomvu" I-Caragana mane noma "umsila wamakamela", kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezisetshenziswa ngemithi yaseTibetan. I-squat alpine shrub, ihlumela, amaqabunga nezithelo zazo ezivikelwe yi-long, efika ku-7 cm, ama-spikes. I-pink ne-orange, izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe zingabonakaliswa ngoJuni. Izithelo zivuthwe ngoSeptemba.
I-Karagana enjengomuthi endaweni evulekile
Ukukhanyisa
Ukuhleleka kungcono ukukhetha indawo ekhanyisiwe. I-acacia ephuzi ngeke ishise ngisho nangelanga elishisayo.
Ukushisa
Lesi sitshalo sinokuqhathaniswa kwangempela, okungasimelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ngaphansi kwe-45 ngendlela efanayo nokushisa okuqinile.
Umhlaba kanye nomswakama wayo
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi emhlabathini omningi okubekezelayo ku-acacia kuwubuyiselwa phansi, it noma yimuphi umhlabathi ozokwenzangaphandle kwenhlabathi enamandla kakhulu ene-pH yesithathu kuya kwezingu-4.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi akufanele ifakwe. Akufanelekile ukutshala izindawo ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ukugeleza kwemvula njalo.
Ukufika
Isikhathi esiphelele ukufika: entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aphenduke) futhi ekwindla (ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga). Ehlobo (hhayi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza), amaqabunga ama-acacia ahlwanyekile atshalwa kuphela ngengubo yomhlaba.
Emgodini wokufika, ugcinwe ungqimba lwama-rubble, yenza inkimbinkimbi ephelele yezimbiwa, kanye nomquba.
Ukunisela
Lesi sitshalo sishintshelwa isikhathi esiyisikhathi sesomiso futhi singadluliselwa emvamisa yokunisela.
Umswakama okweqile, nokunye okuningi ngakho ukuqhuma kwawo kuyingozi kumngcele ophuzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa komuthi we-caragana, umuntu angafeza i-spring mineral dressing ibanga eligcwele kanye ngaphambi kokuzimbali amanzi isixazululo esiphilayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isitshalo seCaragan sizinikela ngokuzondla, sihlanganise, njengamalungu onke omndeni we-legume, umoya we-nitrogen ngenxa ye-symbiosis ne-nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Ukukhula nokusika
Esimweni, lezi zihlahla ze-shrub ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-45, zikhula masinyane futhi ziphendule kahle izihlahla zokuguga nokuguga.
Kuyenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphumula.
Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siyaphulukisa, siphume amahlumela abonakalisiwe noma afile.
Izimbali
Isikhathi sezimbali sihlanganisa isikhathi sasehlobo futhi ingahlala, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo noma ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezintathu.
I-acacia ephuzi - enhle uju plant, enikeza u-300-350 kg uju ngehektare ngalinye. Uju lwe-acacia luphakeme kakhulu e-fructose ukuthi alushukela ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Izimbali ze-Acacia zengezwa itiye ukunikeza isiphuzo iphunga elimnene loju.
Ukuzala
I-Acacia yellow iveza kabusha imbewu, ukusika okwehlaza, ukubeka nokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa Mashi-Ephreliemva kokufaka imbewu emini emanzini abandayo. Njengomthetho, imbewu ihluma kahle, futhi amahlumela anesici seCaragan. Njengoba zikhula, zihlezi ezindaweni ezihlala njalo.
Ukukhiqiza ukuhlunga okuhlaza
Ukusika kungalungiswa ngesikhathi sekhwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Kuwusizo ukucubungula izingxenye eziphansi nge-stimulator yezimpande. I-cuttings elungiselelwe ngale ndlela itshalwe enhlabathini enomqondo omanzi. Ukuqothula kubonakala kungakapheli inyanga.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka
Entwasahlobo zigoqa enye yamagatsha aphansi, hhayi amagatsha emhlabathini, ulungise ingxenye engaphakathi yegatsha, uyibeke phansi bese uyifafaza ngokulinganisela. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo esilandelayo, izingqimba zisekelwe kahle futhi zingahlukaniswa nesitshalo somzali.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Njengomthetho, i-acacia enomsoco ekhula kahle iveza eziningi amahlumela e-rhizomeokuyinto ihlukaniswe entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi esifanele sokutshala, futhi utshalwe emigodini ehlukene emakhilomitha ama-50-70 ukusuka esihlahleni somzali.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-acacia ephuzi imelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ezingxenyeni ezihlwanyelwe kakhulu ngomswakama ovamile isitshalo singagula izifo ze-fungal, kaningi - amaqabunga amaqabunga. Kulesi simo, ukupompa nge-Bordeaux ingxube isetshenziselwa ukwelapha, futhi njengesifo se-prophylaxis, okuqukethwe okunomile kwezitshalo.
Izinambuzane ezikhethekile - umtholo i-aphid, i-acacia leaflet ne lozhnoashchikov - imelela ingozi esitshalweni. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nalezi zinambuzane izinambuzane zezenzo zesistimu.
Izindawo zokwelapha
Alkaloids, flavonoids nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo eziqukethwe amagxolo, izimpande, amaqabunga nezimbali zeCaraganyisimo umphumela wokwelapha, okuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa ngabantu abaphulukisa abantu.
Ngakho-ke, amagxolo namaqabunga e-yellow acacia asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezivuvukalayo zesikhumba nasenhlakeni yokuphefumula, kanye nezifo zesibindi nezinsizwa.
Amagxolo anezinto eziphikisana nokuvuvukala nezibulala amagciwane, amagatsha nezimbali zinomphumela wokulwa ne-rheumatic, futhi ukumnika amaqabunga asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-atherosclerosis.
Abathengi bemithi abasaziwayo basebenzisa ama-decoctions kanye nezinhlayiya zezixhobo zezitshalo zaseCaragana nezinhlobonhlobo zayo - ezincane, ezihlabayo, izihlahla, shrub, ussss - nazo zonke izifo eziningi.
Nokho Ukudlula ngokweqile kwala mithi kuyingoziNgakho-ke, zisetshenziselwa ngokucophelela nangokuqaphela.
Okufanayo kusebenza ne-Karagana grivastoy - enye yezitshalo ezihola phambili zendabuko yezokwelapha zaseTibet, lapho izinhlayiya kanye nezinhlayiya zombili izingxenye zangaphansi komhlaba nezingaphezulu zisetshenziswa njengezintuthwane, izidakamizwa ezingenakuvuvukala, izidakamizwa kanye nezidakamizwa.
I-Acacia uju futhi inezindawo zokuphulukisa. Ibuyisa amandla kanye nezwi lonke, kuyindlela ephumelelayo ye-beriberi, ukukhwehlela nokushayisana kwemizwa. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fructose kwenza uju lom-acac lufaneleke kakhulu ekudleni kwesifo sikashukela. Okuqukethwe kwe-hypoallergenic nephezulu kwe-carotene (i-provitamin A) kusivumela ukuba sincomoze kubantwana. I-Acacia, eqoqwe ngoMeyi-Juni, uju ubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu.
Ngokweqile, i-acacia ephuzi ehlukumezayo futhi ehlotshaniswayo ihlanganisa zonke izinto eziwusizo.
Lo muthi wokwelapha uju, ukucebisa umhlaba nge-nitrogen, ukuqinisa imithambeka, ukwakha izindonga, kuyisitshalo esihle sokutshala okuhlosiwe ezindaweni ezimelelekile emgwaqeni ophakathi kanye nakwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho.
Isithombe
Okulandelayo, ungabona izithombe zokutshala nokunakekela i-caracanas yesihlahla somswakama ophuzi:
- Izinhlobo ze-Acacia:
- I-Lankaran Acacia
- I-Black Acacia
- I-Silver Acacia
- I-Sand Acacia
- I-White Acacia
- I-Pink Acacia
- Acacia Catechu
- Ukunakekelwa kwe-Acacia:
- I-Acacia ekudleni
- I-Acacia yemifula
- Ukufika kwe-Acacia
