I-genus Plum imelelwa yizinhlobo eziningi ezijwayele abalimi.
Phakathi kwabo kufanele kuqashelwe iplamu ekhaya ngezinhlobo zayo eziningi, phakathi kwazo okungenakwenzeka ukuba ungaboni uSmolinka.
Umlando wokuzala
IBanga Smolinka etholakala ukuchithwa kusukela ku-Ochakovskaya ophuzi no-Renklod Willens izinhlobo ezikhethiwe kwi-All-Russian Selection kanye ne-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Breeders S.N. I-Satarov no-H.K. Enikeev.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Smolinka
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zikaSmolinka zazwakalisa abalandeli bayo ukunambitheka okungavamile kwe-dessert. Izithelo zikhulu, ama-gramu angu-35, noma ama-40, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-violet tinge, ehlanganiswa ne-thickness waxy, eyenza ibe mnyama, i-ventral groove ne-pedicle funnel ayisho.
Inyama iphuzi enotshani, enamanzi, enhle, ethanjeni amathambo. I-Grade Smolinka - ipulazi elikhulu lokukhula eliphakeme, elingamamitha ama-5 ubude nomqhele obukhulu, oval.
It izimbali ngoMeyi nge izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, evame ukuqoqwa ezimbili, ezihlukahlukene akuzona ezitshaliweyo, kodwa ezithelo, isitshalo uqala fruiting ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine emva kokutshala.
Izimbali zokuqala zingase zivele eceleni kokutshala entwasahlobo, kodwa zibuthaka isitshalo esincane futhi zidinga ukususwa. Izithelo zivuthwe phakathi no-Agasti.
IBanga Smolinka ukubekezelela ngokuphelele isimo esomile, sezulu esishisayo ehlobo nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa ebusika. Ngaphansi kwempova evamile, isivuno esivela esihlahleni singama-kilogram angu-25, sibekezelela ukushisa okuphansi nesomiso kahle. Izifo zinezimpawu zokumelana.
Isithombe
Ungabona ukubonakala kweplamu yeSmolinka esithombeni ngezansi:
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala ipulazi kufanele kube entwasahlobo, ngaphandle kwezimbewu ezikhulile ezigulini - zingatshalaliswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngoba uhlelo lwempande ludla kancane kancane.
Kunconywa ukuthenga izithombo ezingadluli kuneminyaka emibili, omdala isitshalo, kubi kakhulu ukufakelwa ukubekezelela. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Smolinka skoroplodny, izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine emva kokutshala.
Ukuze uthole iplamu, udinga ukukhetha indawo enelanga ngokunciphisa okungenani ngemimoya yasenyakatho, ukukhanya nokushisa okukhulu, izithelo ezithandekayo nezikhudlwana, umbala obala kakhulu.
Uma ngabe isayithi lakho selivele likhona iplamu noma i-cherry plum noma lezi zitshalo zihlala emasimini omakhelwane bawo futhi zisondele ngokwanele ukuba zihlanganyele ekuvuthweni kwempova. Uma izitshalo ezidingekayo zingekho, kumele zitshalwe.
I-Smolinka yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezithintekayo nezitshalo ezidingekayo ukuze impova ifake izithelo. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lesi sici kubonakala singenalo ukuhlukahluka, kodwa kunezinzuzo ezithile: izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zizohlala ensimini yakho, okusho ukuthi izithelo zizohlukahluka, zihlukene nezimfanelo zokunambitheka.
I-inter-pollination ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-samoplodnyh, ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, okucebile isivuno.
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, iplamu ikhetha inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo nemvelo engathathi hlangothi, kodwa ayikho inhlabathi engakwazi ukukhishwa.
Ngokuhlukahluka kwe-Smolinka, ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha amathathu noma amane, njengoba umuthi ukhula cishe ngamamitha angu-5 ubude, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingenani ngamamitha amathathu. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, izitshalo zihlala futhi zithele izithelo iminyaka engama-25.
Ukujula kwezimbobo zokufika kufanele okungenani amasentimitha angu-50, futhi ububanzi - amasentimitha angu-80 kuya kwangu-80. Ibhakede elilodwa lama-humus, cishe amagremu angamakhulu amabili e-superphosphate, amagremu angamashumi ayisihlanu ama-salutassium usawoti, umfutho wezinkuni umlotha kanye namabhakede ambalwa amanzi okudingeka adingeke emgodini owodwa wokutshala.
Unyaka wokuqala wokuphila emva kokutshala iplamu kudinga ukuchelela njengoba inhlabathi ikhula, isitshalo esikhulile, sinqotshwe, asisekho isidingo somswakama, kodwa ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo nesomile, ukuchelela kuyadingeka okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Izitshalo ezindala zidinga ukuphuziswa ngaphambi kokuba ziqhakaze, emva kwezimbali, futhi ngesikhathi sezithelo zithela, uma kungekho imvula engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba, izitshalo kumele ziphuze kuphela.
Kumele uqaphele ngokugqoka - indaba ephilayo isetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli ngamaminerali.
Isitshalo somanyolo esiphuthumayo sibhekene nokubi kakhulu kunokuntuleka, ukungena komanyolo - indlala, nokudla ngokweqile, nokuthi ukugqoka kwakungenxa yokusiza kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenze ngokufaka umanyolo ngokuqondile ngokwemiyalo eya kumuthi, izincomo zazo eziqinisekiswa ososayensi ngokuhlola.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuthakazelisayo yizinto ezilungiselelwe ukutshala ama-foliar zezitshalo, zihlose ukuqinisa isitshalo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo kanye nokukhiqizwa ngokuphelele, futhi iqukethe izinto ezilandelanayo ngobuningi nokubunjwa kwesitshalo.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane, inhlabathi kufanele ibe mahhala nokhula, futhi izihlahla zomuthi kufanele ziphuze njalo futhi zikhululiwe. Kungani inhlabathi kufanele ikhule lapho kungekho lutho olukhula khona? Kuyo ungatshala ubhontshisi, ama-strawberry, imifino.
Ukutshala imibuthano ye-Pristvolnye akudingekile, kufanele igukwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhluma, bese ikhiqiza i-tinning yesayithi. Utshani lwesayithi luyakhula njengoba lukhula, futhi kanye nalo ukukhula kwezimpande kukhishwa. Uma ingasusiwe, isivuno siyanciphisa kakhulu.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, iplamu ayinamathele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, isitshalo esinomkhuhlane oqinile siphumelela ngokuphumelelayo zonke izinhlobo zezifo eziphilayo.
Umqhele ohlotshiswe kahle okhanyayo okwanele futhi umoya wokuphuza umoya awukwazi ukuba indawo yokuvikela isikhunta kanye nezibunjwa, kanti umuthi ugwaza ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nokugcoba ukugcoba awukwazi ukumboza izinambuzane eziqhamukayo, ama-fungal spores, isikhunta nama-hangers ngendlela yama-lichens and mosses. Futhi ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke kweBordeaux uketshezi oluvela ezifweni ze-fungal akudingeki, futhi ukupompela ngesisombululo se-3% se-Nitrofen nge-interval of the 3 years nakho ngeke kube usizo.
Inani lezinambuzane liyanciphisa kakhulu uma iqoqo lekwindla lamaqabunga awile kanye nokushisa okulandelwayo kwengezwa ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanjeni kwamhlophe.
Ukufafaza kufanele kwengezwe ezinyathelo ezichazwe ekulawuleni izinambuzane ngaphambi kokuchichima futhi ngemuva kokuchichima kunoma yikuphi ukubulala izinambuzane ngokulandela imiyalelo yokulungiselela. Zonke izindlela ezicatshangelwayo ze-agrotechnical akuzona eziyinkimbinkimbi ekwenzeni, futhi umphumela wabo umvuno ophezulu ezitshalweni ezinempilo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeplamu uSmolinka, ngeke zidumaze lowo okhetha ukuyikhula, uzokuthakazelisa nge-sweet dessert ukunambitheka kwezithelo nokuhlolisisa kwesitshalo ngokwawo kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kwezimbali ekutholeni izithelo ngo-Agasti.
