Isiko elinjalo njengezithelo zomvini lilokhu landa kakhulu ezindaweni ezizimele.
Amateurs avame ukukhula kokubili ithebula kanye nezinhlobo lobuchwepheshe ukuze bakhiqize iwayini eyenziwe ekhaya ngokwabo.
Kodwa namhlanje ngeke sixoxe ngezinhlobo zokukhetha, kodwa kanjani ukutshala amagilebhisi esiqhingini sethu ngaphandle kosizo.
Usuku selufikile - sisheshe sitshale izithelo zomvini
Izinzuzo nokuqeda ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi entwasahlobo
Ngentwasahlobo, zonke izitshalo zivame ukutshala, nakuba i-autumn ivame ukukhetha ukulima. Ukukunika ilungelo lokuzimela ngokuzikhethela ukuthi ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo, sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici ezinhle kanye nokungalungile kokutshala okunjalo.
Izinzuzo ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo:
- Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi isihlahla esitshalwe entwasahlobo yonke inkathi ngaphambi kokuwa kuyoba nesikhathi sokuhlala kahle endaweni entsha, kuyoba namandla futhi kuyoba lula ngaye ukuba asinde ebusika bokuqala. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuba ukhathazeke mayelana nesipuli futhi ubeke phansi indawo yokukhosela ebusika.
- Ukulungiselela ukutshala amagilebhisi kufanele kwenziwe kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, kuyoba kuhle kakhulu uma ubumba futhi uhluma inhlabathi ekwindla, futhi ulungise umgodi we-seedling. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba ukwandise kakhulu ukuzala kwenhlabathi, okuzokwenza ukuthi ithinte izinga lokusinda kwamagilebhisi.
- Izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi emva konyaka owodwa wezimila njengesimo sembewu zingakwazi ukukhiqiza umnyaka wesibili. Ngokuyinhloko, uma utshala ngokwesibonelo imifino ehlukahlukene yamagilebhisi "Kizil" entwasahlobo, ekwindla konyaka ozayo uzothola izithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Uma utshala ekwindla, isihlahla sizoqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka.
- Kulula kakhulu ukuqagela entwasahlobo ngesikhatsi esifanele sokutshala, ngoba ekwindla amaqhwa anzima angase ahlahle ngokungalindelekile, awonakele kuphela imbewu ehlwanyelwe noma ihlwanyele inhlabathi futhi ayifanele ukutshala.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo okuvame ukhethwa ngabaningi bewayini abaqalayo. Kulula kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwe-sapling futhi inikeza iziqinisekiso eziphakeme zokusinda kwayo. Kodwa-ke, unezici ezithile ezingakwenza ukwazi ukushintsha isinqumo sakho mayelana nokutshala kwentwasahlobo:
- Ngokuvame kakhulu entwasahlobo, izithombo zingenawo umswakama, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ziphuze kaningi futhi ziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilapho kuphela etshalwe khona ithatha umswakama kabi, kodwa ngaphandle kwayo ingabe isomile.
- I-sapling ngokwayo ingadinga eyengeziwe. Futhi, entwasahlobo, inhlabathi izodinga ukuthi ibhalwe kahle futhi ihlanganiswe (i-sawdust yakudala, i-humus noma i-moss).
- Ukutshala okusheshayo noma ukugcina isikhathi kungalimaza insimu, kuholele ekunqothulweni kwezifo zakhe ezifayo.
- Ukukhethwa okuhle kwezithombo kufakwe emakethe ekwindla, ngakho entwasahlobo ungase ungatholi izinhlobonhlobo ezifunayo noma ungene ezinhlangeni ezibandisiwe noma ezomisiwe.
Ngenkathi lapho uqala ukutshala isithombo samagilebhisi ngesikhathi sokusabalala?
Ngokuqinisekile izinsuku ezithile zokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi entwasahlobo lapho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele atshalwe ngokushisa okushisayo - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15ºС. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhlabathi kufanele ishuthe ngokwanele - okungenani kuze kube ngu-10 ºС. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungaqiniseka kakhulu ukuthi ukuqala kwezimboni zonyaka ezikhulayo.
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokufika singase sibambezeleke kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya kwesonto lokuqala likaMeyi, noma ngisho kuze kube ngowokuqala kukaJuni kwezinye izindawo zezulu. Konke kuzoxhomeka kunhlobo luni lwesipuli ozithatha ukutshala.
Abaningi bayazi kodwa Izithombo zomvini zingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: vegetative futhi kakade nzima. Umehluko wukuthi owokuqala kuphela entwasahlobo yatshala emhlabathini futhi nje kunesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izitshalo ezinjalo zivame ukuthengiswa ezincane ezinomhlabathi. Futhi, kumele babe nokudubula kokuqala ngamaqabunga. Lezi zithombo zihlwanyelwe emhlabathini kusukela ngo-May 20 kuya kuJuni 15, ngoba kulesisitsha isithombo sitshalwe ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari.
Ngaphansi kwenzalo enzima, kubalulekile ukuqonda isihlahla somvini, esivele sitshalwe enhlabathini evulekile futhi sigunyiwe kuwo ubusika. Okusho ukuthi usuvele unezimpande ezinhle nezinso zakhe.
Kungcono ukutshala isampula esinjalo kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kuphakathi kukaMeyi., nakuba kunjalo kungcono ukugxila kwisimo sezulu ngaphandle.
Siqala ukulungisa umgodi wokuthungatha
Ukulungiswa komgodi we-seedling yembewu yamagilebhisi isisusa isikhathi eside futhi sinomsebenzi omude. Ngemuva kwalokho, akudingeki kuphela ukuyihlaba, kodwa futhi ukuyifaka kahle. Ubukhulu bomgodi kumele bube ngu-0.8x0.8x0.8, ukuze kube khona isikhala esanele kuphela izimpande, kodwa futhi nomanyolo wonyaka ozayo ezine.
Uma ugoba imbobo, izendlalelo eziphezulu nezansi zomhlabathi kufanele zihlukaniswe zibe yizinqwaba ezihlukene. Isendlalelo esiphezulu kubhekwa njengento evundile kunazo zonke, ngakho-ke badinga ukulala ngamasentimitha angu-10 kakade asetshiwe izimbobo.
Emva kwenhlabathi evundile emgodini kufanele ifakwe:
- Cishe amabhakede amahlanu omquba omuhle.
- 0.5 kilogram ye-nitroammofoski, noma enye umanyolo equkethe i-nitrogen.
- Inani elincane le-potassium ne-phosphorus.
- 0.5 kilogram yezinkuni ash.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ikhekhe lonke limbozwe olunye ungqimba we-10 cm wenhlabathi evundile futhi ixutshwe kahle. Imvini yamagilebhisi kuphela ehlwanyelwe lezi zifaka umquba empeleni ngeke ibe usizo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanele sokungena kwamagilebhisi phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuna ukuthi izimpande zawo zifinyelela ungqimba oluvuthwe.
Ngaphezulu komanyolo usatshala inhlabathi evundile. Ukusuka ebusweni bomgodi kuwufanele ngamasentimitha angu-20 kuphela.
Ukulungiselela izithombo zomvini zokutshala
Ngokushesha emva kokuthenga ukuqala ukutshala isithombo akufanele. Imbewu encane idinga ukufakwa emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuze igcwale umswakama olahlekile phakathi nobusika. Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze uju emanzini ukukhuthaza ukuqhuma. Esikhundleni soju, ungasebenzisa amanye amalungiselelo ochwepheshe.
Izimpande zengxube kufanele zifinyezwe cishe ngo-1 cm. Uqobo Ukutshala kufanele kufushane kufinyeleleke ku-2-3. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ebusika isihlahla singafinyeleleki kakhulu futhi kungaba lula ukusibekela ubusika. Kakade ngonyaka wesibili kuzokwazi ukuyivumela ukuba ikhule ngokuningi.
Izici zenqubo yokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi entwasahlobo
Njengoba usuvele ulungise umgodi, ncamashi phakathi kwakho udinga ukuphelelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamamentimitha angu-40. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona kuqala ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, okungagwenywa ngokulungisa umgodi ekwindla.
Uma uwugubha entwasahlobo, ukujula kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngamasentimitha angama-35; ngenxa yokujula okusele, isithombo kulokhu sizokwehla yedwa. Ngaphansi kwalokhu ukucindezeleka, isilonda senziwa lapho amagilebhisi atshalwa khona. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyihambisa ngendlela yokuthi ukusekela okuzoyilandela esikhathini esizayo kuhlangene nezinso.
Emva kokungcwatshwa ngokuphelele imbewu, kudinga umswakama obuningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela ukusebenzisa amanzi angama-40.
Ukuze ipulazi likwazi ukuhlala kahle futhi lingalahlekelwa umswakama kuze likwazi ukuligcwalisa ngokugcwele emhlabathini (okungukuthi, kuze kube yilapho iqondiswa endaweni entsha), kufanele ihlanganiswe.
Amagilebhisi aqinile angakwazi ukumboza ngenhlabathi evundile, umswakama nesihlabathiukwakha intaba eqondile. Ukuze isihlabathi singasuki, kufanele sisetshenziswe ngento esindayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15, isitsha sesitsha singakhululwa "ekuthunjweni" okunjalo, ngoba usuvele unezikhathi zokuziqonda.
Uma utshale isithombo se-vegetative, akunakwenzeka ukulala nesihlabathi, ngoba kungenzeka ukulimaza amahlumela aluhlaza. Kunconywa ukumboza ngebhodi lebhodi elilula nomgodi owenziwe ngokukhethekile we-top of the seedling. Le ndawo yokuhlala ayifanele ukugcina amaviki angaphezu kwama-2.
Yini ekhethekile ngokutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla: ukuphendula imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu nokunikeza imiyalelo
Yini okuhle noma embi ekutshaleni amagilebhisi ekuwa?
Njengokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo, ekwindla inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokulimala kokutshala amagilebhisi. Kuya izinzuzo Ukutshala kwe-autumn kufanele kufaka:
- Sesivele sitshele ukuthi kuyindlela elula ekwindla ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwamagilebhisi, ngoba zombili izimbali kanye nezimakethe ezikhethekile zivele zigcwale izithombo.
- Ekwindla, umswakama womhlaba uvame ukuphakama kakhulu kunentwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngokunisela okuvame kakhulu, izithombo zamagilebhisi ngeke zidingeke - kuphela ngqo emva kokutshala.
- Ngokuhlala kahle ebusika (naseningizimu ngaphandle kokukhosela indawo), inhlabathi ayifuni kuze kube izimpande, ngakho-ke ukusikeka ngesikhathi sebusika kunesikhathi sokujwayele imvelo entsha kanti entwasahlobo iqala ukukhula izimpande ezintsha.
- Lapho kuqala ukushisa kwentwasahlobo, insimu etshalwe ekwindla izoqala ukukhula kakhulu kunalowo owatshalwe entwasahlobo.
Kodwa namanje, kunoma yikuphi, kufanele uqaphele futhi ukhumbule okulandelayo ukwehlulekalezo zihambisana nokutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla:
- Ukutshala izithombo kuphela akulula kakhulu ukusinda ebusika. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngisho nendawo yokukhosela enhle izithombo ezinjalo ziqhwaza, kanti entwasahlobo kufanele uzibuyisele kwenye.
- Futhi, insimu encane engazinzile ingalimaza amagundane, inqwaba yeqhwa nemimoya eqinile.
Ngabe impela ekwindla ukuqala ukutshala isithombo sevini?
Ukutshala kwe-autumn yamagilebhisi kungenziwa futhi ngezikhathi ezinwetshiwe. Ungaqala kusukela emavikini okuqala ka-Okthoba. Kusukela kule nkathi, izithombo zamagilebhisi zilungele ukufakelwa endaweni entsha. Kodwa ngokuyinhloko, le nqubo kungenzeka ukuthi ikwazi ukufeza kuze kube isikhathi lapho umhlaba ungabhubhisi khona.
Ingabe kukhona ukungafani ekulungiseleleni umgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi ekuwa?
Ngokuvamile, akukho ukungafani. Ukujula nobubanzi bomgodi kufana nokufika endaweni entwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kubusika efudumele ukusabalala kwakungenaso isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa futhi akuzange kuqale ukuqhuma ngokungalindelekile ngenxa yobuningi bamanyolo, kufanelekile ukwenza uhlaka olubanzi phakathi kwamanyolo kanye nesimiso sezimpande.
Eqinisweni, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokutshala ekwindla kuwukugcina isithombo kuze kuphele isikhathi sehlobo. ngoba, ngokungafani nesilaya, insimu ezweni izokwazi ukugcina umswakama obuningi futhi kuyoba khona amathuba amancane ukuthi izongena ngenkathi ekhulayo.
Kodwa ekulungiseleleni umgodi ekwindla phansi phansi kakhulu njalo uhlelo lokugeleza, elele ebusweni be-rubble, ama-5 cm aminyene. itshe elichotshoziwe limbozwe ngephepha bese kukhonjiswa ipayipi, lapho kuzokwazi khona ukondla amagilebhisi esikhathini esizayo.
Ungayilungisa kanjani isipelisi somvini sokutshala ekwindla?
I-sapling kumele ihlolwe kahle, futhi kancane kancane izimpande zayo. Ukusika izihlahla akudingekile, ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Kuzokwanela ukususa ama-1-2 cm. Inombolo yefihlekile esiqwini se-seedling kufanele ibe cishe emihlanu, ukusika okujwayelekile kube yi-3-4 amehlo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile, izithombo zomvini, kanye nasentwasahlobo, zinyene emanzini izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Beka amanzi, ungasebenzisa "okhulumayo" olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile (ehlanjululwe ngamanzi, ubumba nomquba). Noma kunjalo, ukufaka noma yikuphi ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwe-rooting kuleli cala akufanelekile. Kunconywa kuphela ukuthi isitsha samanzi asheshe siphumelele umswakama wayo sinconywa. i-antitranspirant.
Ziziphi izici zokutshala inqubo ekwindla?
Azikho umehluko ophawulekayo kusukela ukuthi amagilebhisi atshalwe kanjani entwasahlobo. Kudingekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokusizwa kwenhlabathi, ngoba umgodi wawulungiswe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, kanti inhlabathi yayingenaso isikhathi sokuhlala. Ukubeka isithende esiqhingini, ukuthungatha kungcono ukumbuthela kancane kancane. Ukugcwalisa ngenhlabathi kuphela, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngezandla zakho futhi uthele ama-10 amalitha amanzi emgodini. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuqhubeka ungcwatshisa ukuthungatha futhi ekugcineni uthele amanye ama-30 amalitha omswakama.
Emva kokutshala, inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo ihlanganiswe. Le nqubo izovumela isikhathi esiningi ukuthi igcine umswakama emhlabathini.
Indlela efanele futhi ukuthi kungani ukuhlala khona isithombo esitshalwe ekwindla?
Ukumboza isipilili samagilebhisi kuyadingeka ukuze kungonakaliswe amaqhwa nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Iphumelela kakhulu ukuyigcwalisa ngomhlabathi ngendlela yokuthi ungqimba lwayo lube ngamasentimitha angama-25 kuya phezulu kune-buddha ephezulu ye-seedling.
Kodwa ungakhohlwa ngokuqapha bese uzama ukungalimazi isithombo. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ufika eduze kwawo kubalulekile ukushayela isibalo esinamandla futhi phezulu kwesithombo kanye ne-cola ukufaka i-egg-box elula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Intamo yama-egg-caps ngokwemvelo inqunywe futhi ivuke ngokumelene nekhonkwane futhi ayikho enye indlela ewela ngayo isithombo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sakhiwo sonke sigcwele umhlaba wonke, sikhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-billet ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ngaphezulu kwalolu daba kungasetshenziswa amagatsha omile. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ithaw ukufakwa kwesineti kutholakala.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nokuxhunyeka ekwindla
Imithetho ejwayelekile kanye nezici zokutshala amagilebhisi
Iyini imvini yamagilebhisi engcono kakhulu ethatha izimpande futhi iveza izithelo?
Amagilebhisi ungumthandi womhlabathi ovundile, ngakho-ke, kufanele utshalwe emhlabathini omnyama noma kwenye inhlabathi emincane kakhulu. kubalulekile cabangela izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uma kwenzeka endaweni yakini iphakama kumamitha angaphezu kwangu-1.5, kufanele nakanjani udwebe uhlelo lwamanzi endaweni.
Ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala amagilebhisi, inhlabathi igcinwa ngaphansi komcibisholo omnyama ukuze izithombo zithole izakhi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi, kufanele iphuze ngezikhathi ezithile futhi idliwe ngamanyolo wamaminerali. Ama-organics azogeleza ezimpandeni zomvini ngokusebenzisa i-mulching.
Yisiphi isimiso sokukhetha ukutshala imivini?
Uma ukutshala amagilebhisi ensimini kungcono ukukwenza hamba phakathi kwemigqa yamamitha angu-2-2.5. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla lizoxhomeke ngokuqondile ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi kanye nokuzala kwenhlabathi: kungcono inhlabathi futhi ibe namandla kakhulu esihlahleni, kuyothatha isikhathi eside ukukwenza ibanga.
Ngakho-ke, ngezinhlobo ezinamandla, udinga ukuzitholela amamitha angu-2, ukuze uthole ukukhula okuphakathi-1.5. Uma amagilebhisi atshalwa eduze nezakhiwo, kufanelekile ukubuyela emdongeni okungenani amamitha angu-0.7.
