Ezindaweni ezishisayo - ngumhlobiso wezitaladi, emasimini ethu - isivakashi esiyingqayizivele. Ekhaya, eHaiti, i-hibiscus isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imikhosi yomshado, futhi eGibhithe, iziphuzo zezimbali zalo - i-hibiscus - kubhekwa njengesiphuzo samandla namandla. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwayo inkulu - yiChina, i-India nayo yonke iNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.
Hibiscus ingadi wathola ukuqashelwa kwabalimi bethu ngezimbali ezinhle ngokungajwayelekile ze-shades ehlukahlukene kanye nokungazitholi kwabo. Ngokwemvelo, inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200, futhi ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi emasimini, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 ze-hybrid ziyaqhakaza.
Izimpawu kanye nencazelo ye-hibiscus engadini
I-Hibiscus iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke esiyi-herbaceous noma esingapheli esingumndeni wakwa-Malvaceae, ingahlukaniswa amaqembu amathathu:
- i-shrub ne-shrub;
- u-hibiscus utshani;
- unjengomuthi
Izilwane ezinotshani ezikhula kancane, ezifinyelela ku-80 cm, zifana nokuhlwanyela okuhlukene, zingakwazi ukuguqula ngempumelelo izindawo ezingaqondakali engadini noma ukuhleleka okungaqondakali. I-shrub ekhulayo ibe ngamamitha angu-3 iyoba yinqaba elihle eliqhakazayo ongazibeka kuyo indawo. Ngamafuphi, i-hibiscus inhle kakhulu kumklamo we-landscape.
Emazweni ashisayo, imigwaqo yamadolobha ihlotshiswe ngezihlahla eziphansi, ezinemibala egcwele.
Ezimweni ezifudumele, i-hibiscus yama-syriac ibanjwe kangcono kunezinye izilwane ngenxa yayo frost ukumelana. Esikhathini sangaphakathi, abalimi bakhetha i-hibiscus yaseShayina noma, njengoba kubizwa njalo, Chinese rose.
Ukuzinakekela kuyahlukile, isitshalo sezindlu sidinga umzamo omkhulu wokuwugcina esimweni esihle sokuhlobisa. Nakuba ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula, lapho isihlahla sihlaza, sibonakala singaphakathi ngaphakathi.
Uhlelo lomsuka
Hibiscus impande system kuxutshwe - Kukhona i-taproot, ehlanganiswa namahlumela ahlukahlukene. Ukukhula kwezimpande ngokushesha, ngakho-ke igumbi option hibiscus izidingo ukutshala kabusha njalo njengoba ikhula.
Asikho isidingo sokufakelwa kabusha i-hibiscus, kungakhula kahle endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingi ngokunakekelwa kahle.
Umgqomo
Ezinhlahleni nasezihlahleni ezincane, isiqu sigcwele amagxolo. Ungakwazi ukutshala izitshalo ezijwayelekile, kodwa kuphela emathishini. Abanye balimi batshale lolu njongo izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu ezinezimbali ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuphikisa iziqu zabo njengoba bekhula, ungathola umuthi omuhle we-tricolor.
Emasimini, ungakhula zonke izinhlobo ze-hibiscus - herbaceous, shrub nesihlahla.
Izimbali namaqabunga
Amahlamvu azo zonke izinhlobo ze-hibiscus inkulu (kuze kufike ku-5 cm) eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, amaqabunga angaba nobuhlobo obuhlukene - i-oval nje, ne-clove enqenqemeni futhi ingxenye yesithathu. Amaqabunga amaShayina ama-rose asebushelelezi futhi akhanya, kuyilapho amaqabunga ensimu (amaSyria) ashaywa amaqabunga, ashicilelwa kancane.
Izimbali - umhlobiso omkhulu wesitshalo - ingaba kabili futhi elula, obomvu, obomvana, ophuzi, omhlophe nobomvu. Noma kunjalo, abalimi baye bazama ukuze wonke umuntu athole imbali ngokuyithandayo. Hibiscus Flowers esikhulu - kufika ku-13 cm ububanzi.
Hibiscus ingadi - ekhulayo futhi nokunakekelwa
Ngomzamo omncane, i-hibiscus izohlobisa insimu kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ngezimbali ezikhanyayo ezingapheli. Lesi sivakashi esishisayo asidingi ukunakekelwa okunye kunezinye izitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-hibiscus ensimini (izimo ezikhanyayo nezifudumele)
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-hibiscus, kuyadingeka ukunquma indawo lapho kuyobe ikhululekile khona. Kubalulekile ukuyikhetha, ngokusekelwe ezicini zesitshalo futhi wanikeza lokho Angeke adinge ukufakelwa kabusha iminyaka eminingi.
I-Hibiscus izokhula kahle futhi iqhakaze endaweni enelangalapho kungekho khona i-drafts eqinile.
I-penumbra ekhanyayo isakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa isithunzi esinamandla asihambisani naye, kuyoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthinzeni izimbali.
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukukhetha indawo, udinga ukuyilungisa. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yomoya kanye namanzi aphethwe, ngakho-ke, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi kumele kuhlanganiswe emhlabathini. Ama-organic ngehlobo le-humus ayilusi neze. Inketho ekahle kuyoba engeza amagxolo e-perlite neqoshiwe. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi kufanele kube ne-acidic, idonswe kahle.
Khona-ke umgodi ulungele ukutshala. Njengomthetho, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kabusha esitini lapho sakhula khona kusuka kumbewu noma ukusika. I-Pit kufanele ibe ejulile futhi ebanzi kunalesi sikhundla. Ngaphambi kokutshala, uthele ama-5 amalitha amanzi kuwo. Ngokushesha nje lapho amanzi engena emhlabathini, umgodi ulungele ukutshala. Lesi sitshalo siyancipha phansi.
Ezimweni ezipholile, i-hibiscus kudingeka itshalwe ngokujulile kunokushisa. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ngesikhathi sokutshala kunconywa ukuba ushiye ingxenye yezimpande ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ukutshala i-hibiscus ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
I-hibiscus yensimu yokutshala izitshalo akudingeki. Kodwa uma kunesidingo esinjalo, kufanele futhi kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nokufika.
Ukunisela
I-Hibiscus ayibekezelele umswakama owedlulele, ngakho-ke udinga ukuwasebenzisa emva kokulinda inhlabathi ukuthi yomile. Kodwa awukwazi ukudlula ngaphezulu.
Kungcono ukuphuza ngokweqile, kodwa hhayi njalo.
Umswakama womoya
Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zomoya umswakama we-hibiscus engadini. Endabeni lapho idluliselwa esakhiweni sasebusika (isibonelo, isibonisi esivamile esakhula emhubheni), kufanele sibe spray.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-Hibiscus ibonga ukuqhuma okuluhlaza okwedlulele kokudla okufanele. Izitshalo uthanda umhlaba ovundilengakho-ke phakathi nenkathi kufanele kuhlanganiswe njalo emavikini amabili.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umquba nge-phosphorus okuqukethwe kanye ne-nitrogen encane ehlanganiswe nama-organic fertilizer. Lapho ulungiselela ubusika, i-potassium yengezwe kumanyolo ukuze i-hibiscus ikwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi kahle.
Izimbali
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Hibiscus kuqala phakathi no-Juni futhi kuphelile ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Isici salo ukuphila kwe-Budget. Ngemva kokuqhakaza ekuseni, kungase kumile futhi kuwele kusihlwa, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo imbali entsha ivela kule ndawo.
Ukudubula
Ukunciphisa kuyindlela edingekayo ye-hibiscus. Kuye kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungiselele ithuluzi - izihlahla, ummese, i-hacksaw encane, uma amagatsha angenakukwazi ukuguqula ithuluzi lokukhanya. Konke lokhu kufanele kusungulwe futhi kutholakale phansi. Amathuluzi amancane angalimaza isitshalo.
Amagatsha anqunywe eceleni kwe-oblique, enqenqemeni engezansi ye-cut kumele iqondiswe ngaphakathi ehlathini, futhi phezulu. Akufanele kunqunywe ubude obungaphezu kuka-23 wamagatsha, kungabhubhisa i-hibiscus.
Ukudubula kugcinwa kuphela esihlahleni sama-hibiscus nezihlahla.
Izinhlobo zokusika izihlahla
1. Ukusika izihlahla, ukuvuselela izimbali.
Isakhiwo se-hibiscus sinjengokuthi ihlumela lihlala likhona ekupheleni kwegatsha. Amagatsha okuthela izihlahla entwasahlobo ngenye yesithathu yokukhula konyaka odlule ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha engeziwe, ekugcineni lapho izimbali ziyoqhakaza khona.
Ukusika izihlahla noma ukuhlanza.
Uma amagatsha ekhula kakhulu, kufanele ahlungwe, asuse amahlumela asobala futhi asomile, kanye namagatsha amadala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukuhlola isitshalo sokuba khona kwezinyosi, okungadla amahlumela amasha ngefihlekile.
Amagatsha agulayo noma awonakele ahlukaniswa nezicubu ezinempilo. Isibonakaliso siyoba umbala obala okhuni osikiwe. Uma kumhlophe, khona-ke le ngxenye yegatsha ayinakuphila.
Ukusika izihlahla.
Isihlahla esiye sakhula ngokuqinile noma sesilahlekile singahle sinqunywe, ukuze sibuyisele esimweni esihle esihle. Sika amagatsha angashadile, ahamba phambili ngaphezu komqhele wehlathi. Ukudubula kungaba ngu-13 ubude ngaphezu kweBufi eliseduzane.
4. Ukusika izihlahla.
Lokhu kwenziwa uma isitshalo sisongelwa ukufa. Wonke amagatsha aqedwa cishe ngokuphelele. Uma lesi sitshalo sihlala sisisindo esiphilayo, singathemba ukuthi isihlahla sizokwazi ukuvuselela futhi.
5. Ukwehliswa kwekwindla.
Iphethwe ngoSeptemba, ngemuva kokusila. Awukwazi ukusika isitshalo ekwindla sekwephuzile ngaphambi kokuqala kwebanda, kungenjalo entwasahlobo ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza ukukhula okujwayelekile.
Izitshalo ezincane kufanele zenze izihlahla ezilula. ngendlela yokuphoqai Kulesi simo, kuphela iziqongo zamagatsha ezikwekwe ukuze zikwazi ukufaka igatsha futhi zinike izimbali eziningi.
I-Hibiscus yokukhiqiza
I-Hibiscus ikhula kahle futhi ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela amancane.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhiqiza:
- imbewu;
- ukusika;
- ukuhlukana kwehlathi.
Ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings
- Cuttings banquma ehlobo nge amahlumela abasha. Kufanele babe namaphoyinti angu-2-3 okukhula.
- I-cut isphathwa nge impande noma enye stimulator ukukhula futhi watshala in ingxube yesihlabathi kanye peat 1: 1.
- Ukushisa kokuqukethwe akufanele kube ngezansi degrees +23. Ukuvuthwa kwemvelo kwenzeka cishe amasonto 3-4 emva kokutshala.
- I-cuttings ezigxilile zifakwa endaweni engaphansi kwezwe elivundile ne-humus nesihlabathi kanye namanzi amaningi.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
- Imbewu yabe isetshenziselwa usuku olulodwa kwisisombululo esinokukhula;
- zihlwanyelwa enhlanganiseni yesihlabathi futhi zihlakulele ibanga elingama-5-7 mm kusuka komunye nomunye;
- isitsha sigcwele ifilimu noma ingilazi;
- ukuphuza nokuphuza umoya kuqhutshwa njalo;
- umbuso wokushisa awukho ngaphansi kuka-+25 degrees;
- I-dive yenziwa uma kuvela amaqabunga ambalwa.
Inhlabathi enezimbewu etshalwe idinga ukushisa okuphansi.
I-Hibiscus ikhulile kusuka kumbewu, ngokuvamile i-blooms ngonyaka wesithathu.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
- isihlahla sitshalwe ngokuphelele emhlabathini;
- umkhonto obomvu rhizome uhlukaniswe izingxenye;
- etshalwe njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla esigabeni esithi "Ukutshala endaweni evulekile."
Izici ukunakekela ekwindla
Ekubeni, i-hibiscus ilungiselelwe ukugcina ubusika obuphephile. Kuze kube sekupheleni, ngoSeptemba, ukusika izihlahla kanye nokufaka umanyolo nge-potash fertilizer kwenziwa.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa isihlahla siphuziswa kanye kanye kakhulu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, u-spud wakhe.
NgoNovemba, lesi sitshalo kumele sishiswe nge-mulching kanye nendawo yokuhlala.
Amagatsha aguqa phansi futhi agqoke indwangu ekhethekile.
Ngaphezulu kwezihlahla ezincane ungabeka i-arc futhi uzihlanganise ngendwangu. Lokhu kungenziwa uma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lingaphansi kuka-+5 degrees.
Izinkinga, izifo nezinambuzane
Izinkinga ongahlangabezana nazo ngenkathi ukhula i-hibiscus:
- ukuwa kwembali kuveza ukudla okungenamsoco noma ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukuphuziza kwamaqabunga aphezulu kanye nokuwa kwamaqabunga aphansi - ukunqwabelana kwensimbi emanzini okunisela;
- inqwaba yobuningi obuhlaza kanye nokuntuleka kwezimbali - ukwandisa kwe-nitrogen kumanyolo;
- amaqabunga e-drooping - ukuntuleka kwamanzi.
Isifo lapho lesi sitshalo sibonakala khona yi-chlorosis. Lesi yisifo se-fungal. Kungaba isifo esithathelwanayo futhi esingenasifo. I-chlorosis esithathelwanayo isakazwa izinambuzane ezinambuzane, ngakho isinyathelo sokuqala ukulwa nabo.
Isitshalo esibulalayo sidinga ukutshalwe kwenye indawo, ukudla okuqinisiwe nokufakwe njalo.
I-chlorosis engahambisani nayo ingenzeka uma kwenzeka umswakama owedlule noma uma i-hibiscus ikhula emthunzini. Isidingo ukufakelwa endaweni ekhanyayo bese ulungisa imodi yokunisela.
Izinambuzane:
- Aphid Kuyithwala yokutheleleka futhi kulimaza isitshalo ngokwaso, ikakhulukazi intsha.
- Imiyane yama-fungal ibeka amaqanda futhi idle isitshalo.
- I-thrips ne-gall midgeges ithinta ama-buds, okuholela ekuwaweni kwabo.
- I-mealybug ne-spider mite zimboza amaqabunga anezindawo eziphuzi futhi ezimhlophe.
Ama-agent wokulawula izinambuzane kukhona imikhiqizo yokubulala izinambuzane ezifakwe ngesihlahla.
Kusuka kumangqamu angamafungulu kahle kusiza isisombululo sesepa, esingabe senezelwa kumanyolo bese siwafakela isikhala nxazonke ezihlahleni.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-hibiscus
Ngaphandle kokubukeka okunethezeka kwe-hibiscus akungabazeki, kufakazelwe amakhulu eminyaka izinzuzo zezempilo. Izinhlobo zasekhaya zihlanzekile ngokuphelele emoyeni ekamelweni.
Cishe zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zidliwayo futhi zinamavithamini aphezulu. Itiye leCarcade linamandla okulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, iqukethe i-antioxidants kanye nezinto ezibuyisela umsebenzi wesibindi.
Imbali ayiyona nje enhle, kodwa futhi iyasiza, akunzima ukunakekela futhi ikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ijabule abanikazi bayo ngemibala egqamile kulo lonke ihlobo.
Isithombe
Izithombe eziningi ze-hibiscus ingadi ngezansi:
