Izimfihlo zokuvuna okucebile: kanjani ukukhula pepper kanye utamatisi ndawonye? Ungathola kanjani izithombo ezinhle?

Utamatisi kanye ne-pepper ziyizitshalo ezithandwayo zemifino etholakala cishe engadini yonke yemifino. Wonke umama wendlu uyazi ukuthi ukulima kwalesi sitshalo kudinga ulwazi oluthile namakhono, kanye nezimo ezifanele.

Uma uhlela ukutshala, kungase kube khona umbuzo mayelana nokuhambisana kwezitshalo ezimbili futhi uwakhulise eduze komunye nomunye. Phela, ikhwalithi kanye nevolumu yesitshalo kuxhomeke kumakhelwane abanekhono.

Lesi sihloko sichaza izimfihlo zokuvuna okucebile: indlela yokutshala utamatisi kanye nepelepele ndawonye. Futhi wachaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungathola kanjani izithombo ezinhle.

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala lezi zimifino eziseduze?

Ngokuvamile abalimi babuza: Kungenzeka yini ukutshala utamatisi kanye nepelepele ndawonye? Lezi zitshalo zemifino zingomndeni ofanayo - i-nightshade. Abaphikisana, babe nezidingo ezifanayo zekhwalithi nenani lomsoco wenhlabathi. Kudinga izimo ezikhulayo ezikude nokunakekelwa okufanayo. Ngakho-ke Utamatisi onama-pepper avunyelwe ukuba atshalwe, kokubili ensimini nasendlini yokushisa.

Sinikeza ukubukela ividiyo ukuthi ngabe i-pepper kanye no-utamatisi ingafakwa ndawonye ngesikhathi sokutshala:

Izici co-ukulima

1. Njengabameleli be-nightshade, i-pepper kanye no-utamatisi banezifo ezivamile futhi bayathinteka yizinambuzane ezifanayo. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikela nokuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezinambuzane kanye nezifo.
2. I-Pepper ithanda ukushisa, kanti utamatisi udinga umoya. Kumele ucabange kusengaphambili ukubekwa endaweni yokushisa: i-pepper - kude nomnyango kanye ne-drafts, utamatisi - eduze komnyango nokuphuza umoya.
3. Izihlahla zika utamatisi ngaphezu kwepelepele, zikhule ngamandla futhi zingagcina i-pepper kusukela elangeni. Ukutshala okuhlanganyelwe kuhlelwe ngokucabangela ukuqondisa kokukhanyisa, i-pepper - kusukela ohlangothini olukhanyayo.

Ensimini ehlangene yamatamatisi kanye nepelepele emaphethelweni, ungatshala ama-marigolds, abesabisa izinambuzane ezidliwayo.

Ukutholakala kwendlela

Uma izimo zivumela, kungcono ukukhula pepper kanye utamatisi ngokwehlukana. (Funda kabanzi mayelana nama-nuances okutshala utamatisi, funda lapha). Kodwa uma kungekho isikhala esanele ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nemibhede evulekile, ukuhluma okuhlangene kuyoba yindlela enhle yokuphuma.

Izinzuzo

1. Ilondoloza isikhala.
2. Utamatisi uvikela pepper kusuka kuma-aphid.
3. Londoloza isikhathi ekunakekeleni.
4. Umanyolo omncane endaweni ngayinye.

I-Cons

1. Ingozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezivamile.
2. Ukuheha izinambuzane ezinambuzane.
3. Ukunciphisa kwenhlabathi ngokushesha.

I-Pepper idinga

• Umoya owanele umswakama.
• Ukukhanya okuhle.
• Inhlabathi enomsoco Loamy.
• Izimo ezifudumele.
• Ukuphuza ngamanzi afudumele.
• Umanyolo we-potassium ne-phosphorus.

Izimo ezidingekayo zika utamatisi

• Umoya omile
• Ukukhanyisa okuhle.
• Umhlabathi we-Loamy nge-humus.
• Ukushisa okulinganiselwe.
• Ukushayela njalo.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus.
• Akuvamile, kodwa ukuchelela okuningi.

Amasiko angahlanganiswa kanjani?

1. Gcina ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ukuze izimpande zingaphazanyane, futhi amaqabunga ezitshalo azithinti.
2. Ukutshala okungafanelekile mahhala - utamatisi omude akufanele kuvimbele i-pepper elangeni.
3. Ukubamba i-garter ne-pasynkovaniya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuze utamatisi ungaphazanyisi ne-pepper ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo

Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi kuxhomeke ekuziphatheni kwesifunda esikhulayo nesimo sezulu. Uma uthenga, cabanga ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukumelana nezifo, ukuqokwa - ukushisa noma ukuvuleka.

Zokugcina izithombo

Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwendawo ukukhetha izinhlobo ezide:

• utamatisi (amakhilogremu ayikhulu, i-bison ishukela, i-rose rose, umkhumbi obomvu);
• i-pepper (i-Bourgeois, iKhadikhadi, i-Atlas, i-Yanika, isimangaliso se-Orange).

Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo - uhlobo olukhethekile lwezithombo zokugcina zokugcina zokugcina okungahambisani nokushisa okushisa nezifo:

• utamatisi (iKalidini, i-Ogorodnik, i-Gypsy, i-Resonance, i-De Barao);
• pepper (Hercules, Claudio, Arsenal, Swallow, Viking, Bogatyr).

Ukuze uvule phansi

Inhlanganisela efanelekayo yezinhlobonhlobo ezinamathele:

• utamatisi (Pearl Red, Mikado, Riddle, Gourmand);
• Pepper (Oak, Merchant, Atlant, Victoria).

Ukuze kuvinjelwe izinambuzane ukhethe izinhlobo zakuqala neziphakathi nonyaka-zonyaka eziphikisana namazinga okushisa aphansi nezifo:

• utamatisi (iKardinal, Betta, Anyuta, Pepper);
• pepper (umama, Bagration, Nathan, Kolobok, Sibiryak).

Ungathola kanjani izithombo ezinhle ekhaya?

Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo busetshenziselwa izithombo ezikhulayo ze-pepper kanye notamatisi.

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela

• Izinhlobo ezindala ze-pepper no-utamatisi zihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Izinhlobo zakudala - ngo-Mashi-Ephreli.
• I-pepper ikhuphuka isikhathi eside kunamatamatisi, ngakho-ke ihlwanyelwa izithombo ngesonto ngaphambi kwetamatisi. Utamatisi uhluma izinsuku ezingu-3-5, i-pepper izinsuku ezingu-7-10.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

1. Imbewu ihlungwa, ilahla amancane, amnyama futhi aphukile. Kungcono ukuhlunga imbewu kulesisombululo sikasawoti (izipuni ezimbili ngamanzi 1 litre). Imbewu eluhlaza ayifanele ukuhlwanyela. Ihlelwe phansi phansi efanelekile ukufika. Ibanga ngalinye lihlelwa ngokwehlukana.
2. Ukuze i-disinfection, imbewu igcinwa isigamu sehora ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
3. Ukuvusa ama-germs nokusheshisa ukukhula, imbewu ka-utamatisi kanye ne-pepper isetshenziselwa amahora amabili emanzini avuthayo ekushiseni okungengaphezulu kwama-degrees angu-60 noma kwisisombululo se-biostimulant (i-Appin, i-Novosil, i-Zircon).

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokucubungula imbewu yezithelo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, esihlokweni esihlukile.

Ukukhethwa kwamaphakheji nenhlabathi yokulima

1. Iziqukathi zezithombo noma iziqukathi zokudla usayizi olula ziyasetshenziswa. Bahlanzwa futhi bahlanjululwa i-disinfected ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
2. Ukuthenga inhlabathi iqukethe zonke izithasiselo ezidingekayo zokukhula kwezithombo futhi zilungele ukusetshenziswa. Umhlabathi osuka ensimini ungenasifo esinqunyiwe futhi uhlanganiswe no:
   • i-peat;
   • i-humus;
   • umlotha;
   • umquba.

Izindlela

Cabanga indlela yokutshala kahle imbewu yezitshalo ezimbili ezitsheni ekhaya. Ukutshala izithombo ze-pepper kanye notamatisi ngoba izithombo zinezindlela ezifanayo.:

• Indlela engu-1 - Hlwayela esitsheni esisodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa imbewu eminingi emigqeni ibanga lika-5 cm, nge-increments ka-2-3 cm. Okuphezulu ukugcwalisa inhlabathi evulekile, uthele. Ngemva kokuhluma, sitshala eziqukathi ezihlukene (ukudonsa).
• Indlela engu-2 - tshala imbewu emibili emithonjeni ehlukene yesayizi encane, emva kokuhluma kwembewu, shiya lokho okunamandla futhi ungatshalanga ngaphambi kokutshala phansi.
• Indlela engu-3 - ngaphambi kokuhluma imbewu ngaphansi kwefilimu, i-gauze noma iphepha lezindlu zangasese, isitshalo esisodwa esisitshalisiwe esitsheni esisodwa (ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngamatamatisi okutshala for izithombo ngaphandle komhlaba, bheka lapha).

Ukuhlukahluka ngalunye kuhlwanyela ngokwehlukana, futhi kubhalwe phansi. Zonke iziqukathi zimboza ngefilimu ngaphambi kokusuka kokuqala.

Ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nendlela yokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zika utamatisi, sitshele kule ndaba.

Khetha

Izinkwenziwe zenziwa ngendlela efanayo for pepper kanye utamatisi.:

1. Iziqukathi ezilungiselelwe zigcwele okwesithathu emhlabeni.
2. Ukusebenzisa i-spoon encane noma i-spatula, thinta isitshalo kanye nomhlabathi esitsheni esivamile.
3. Beka isitshalo ekomishini, ugcwalise izikhala ngehlabathi elingavamile, amanzi, uhlanganise umhlabathi.

Utamatisi unikeza amahlumela ohlangothini, uma ukhetha isitshalo, ungayinciphisa. I-Pepper ayidingi ukujuliswa, igcwele umhlaba ezingeni lokutshala endala.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu engafuni, funda lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzothola ngezici zezitshalo ezikhulayo zika utamatisi ezinhlanu-litre nezinye amabhodlela ngaphandle kokukhipha.

Sikunikeza ukuthi ubukele ividiyo mayelana nemithetho yokuqoqa utamatisi nopelepele:

Ukuzikhandla

Ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, izithombo kancane kancane zinzima., ngenxa yalokhu, kuqala ukulethwa ekamelweni elipholile, njengebhokisi noma i-veranda. Emva kwalokho, kwenziwa ngaphansi kwephalazi noma ku-greenhouse, ukuze isitshalo sijwayele umoya omusha nelanga.

Indlela yokutshala: imiyalelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Isikhathi

Ezitshalweni zokushisa zingatshalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Emibhedeni evulekile emva kukaMeyi 10-15, ngokuya esifundeni, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwama-degrees angu-15 ebusuku.

Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ukuthi izitshalo zitshalwe kanjani ku-greenhouse:

Uhlelo oluphakanyisiwe

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni yokushisa, badiliza izindawo: ngakolunye uhlangothi izithombo zokugcina izithombo - imigqa yamatamatisi, ngakolunye uhlangothi - imigqa yepelepele. Noma faka isibuko - imigqa yamatamatisi eceleni kwezindonga zokushisa, futhi phakathi nendawo - i-pepper ephethini lokuhlola.

Endaweni evulekile yokutshala okuhlangene emigqeni - umugqa utamatisi nomugqa wepelepele ngebanga eliphakathi kwemigqa engama-60-80 cm.

Noma ukhule utamatisi kanye nepelepele embhedeni owodwa: enqenqemeni yensimu namatamatisi atshalwe pepper endaweni ye-checkerboard.

Imithetho yokuvula nokuvula izithombo zokugcina izithombo

njengoba kudingekile. Ukuze uvikele ngokumelene nokhula, ukutshala okuhlanganyelwe kwetamatisi kanye nepelepele kungaba yizinkukhu kanye nezinhlanga.

Masking

Emhlabathini ovulekile, utamatisi omude kanye nopelepele obuphakathi nakha ama-2-3 ama-stalks, beshiya izingane ezinamandla eziqinile. Utamatisi okhulayo kanye nepelepele akakwazi ukukhula, kepha unqume amahlumela abuthakathaka ekhula ngaphakathi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana namatamatisi akhula ensimini lapha.

Siphakamisa ukuthi sibheke uhlobo lwemithetho ye-staking utamatisi nopelepele:

Ibhande le-Garter

Ukuhlanganisa izidakamizwa utamatisi, nezinhlobo eziningana zepelepele ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-trellis isetshenziselwa, izintambo ezivela ehlathini ngalinye ziyadonselwa kubo, futhi njengoba zikhula, isitshalo siboshwe ngentambo, noma siboshelwe ku-trellis.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi ihlotshiswe nge-superphosphate ne-ash ash. Amakhomikhali e-phosphate-potassium afanele ukutshala utamatisi kanye nepelepele. Uhlelo lokudla olujwayelekile:

• 1 tbsp. superphosphate;
• 1 tsp i-potassium sulfate ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.

Ungangezela kule mix:

• ukumnika umquba wenkukhu noma umquba;
• 0.5 tsp i-boric acid;
• 1 tbsp. umlotha wokhuni;
• 1 tbsp. nitrophoska.

Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa emasontweni amabili emva kokufakelwa kabusha, okwesibili - ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Okulandelayo - ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15. Ukulimala, engeza u-2 tbsp enhlabathini. superphosphate no-1 tbsp. i-humidium humate, ihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10. amanzi.

Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke ividiyo mayelana nobuchwepheshe bomanyolo we-tomato nopelepele:

Imininingwane mayelana nokutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, ukushisa okushisa, indawo evulekile, kanye nendlela yokutshala imifino ende futhi enempilo, sitshele esihlokweni esithile.

Ukulwa nokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo

Emasontweni amabili emva kokutshala ku-greenhouse noma emhlabathini wokuvikela kusuka e-phytophthora, utamatisi uchithelwa nge-chloride yethusi noma emulsion yethusi-insipho.

Phakathi nonyaka bahlaziyeka njalo ngezifo eziphuthumayo, isixazululo sethusi noma i-iodine (10 ml. Ngama-10 l. Wamanzi). Ukwelashwa kokugcina kwezifo kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna..

Kusuka kuma-apidi ku-pepper, nezinye izinambuzane zezamatamatisi zihlanza izitshalo ngesisombululo somlotha (50 g ngayinye yomswakama, ugwayi, kanye nesambatho yokugeza ama-10 amalitha amanzi) noma izindlela ezikhethekile ezilungiselelwe.

Ukutshala okuhlanganyelwe utamatisi kanye nepelepele kunezinzuzo zombili kanye nezinkinga. Ukuze izitshalo zihlakulele kahle futhi zingaphazanyane, udinga ukwazi izici zenhlanganisela yazo. Ukunakekelwa okunamandla kuzovumela ukuqoqa ukuvuna kabili endaweni esincane.