Ipeyari isithelo esihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi esiwusizo esijabulela ukuthandwa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Pear yafika eRussia evela ePheresiya yasendulo futhi yayisakazeka kabanzi ezweni lonke.
I-pear marble ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zamapheya ezitshalwe emazweni aseRussia.
Uhlobo luni?
Kunezinqubo eziningana zokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezitshalo eziphakathi kwezinkuni, okuyinhloko yizo:
- isithelo sokuvuthwa izithelo;
- isimo somqhele;
- ukuphakama kwemithi.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa
Ivuthwe nini? I-Pear Marble ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala-ekwindla, njengoba izithelo zayo zivuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Lezi zihlahla zinokuphakama okujwayelekile kanye nomqhele we-pyramidal.
Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamaparezi nazo zivuthwe ekwindla: Thumbelina, Larinska, Uralochka, Bere Bosk no-Silent Don.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Omunye wabalimi abakwa-pear abadume kakhulu eRussia kwaba I.V. Michurin. Nguye owayekwazi ukuletha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika zamapheya ezingakhula esimweni sezulu saseRussia. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngokuthi Bere ubusika Michurina.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, abalimi A.M. I-Ulyanischeva ne-GD Umgwaqo ongekho emgwaqeni, osebenza esiteshini sase-gardens edolobheni laseRossosh, esifundeni saseVoronezh, wasebenzisa ngempumelelo ulwazi nolwazi lukaMichurin futhi wawela ebusika iBere pear tree nge ezihlukahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi Ubuhle behlathi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukahluka okusha kwaqalwa - I-Marble Pear. Ngo-1965, lezi zihlukahlukene zafakwa kwiRejista kaHulumeni. Yaqala ukukhula ezindaweni eziphakathi, eziphakathi kwe-Lower, Volga-Vyatka naseCentral Black Earth.
Ukubukeka
I-Marble Pear tree ingahlukaniswa ngamagatsha ayo anamandla, ukuphakama okuphakathi kanye nomqhele we-pyramidal, ogcwele phansi. Amagxolo alo mithi unemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-pear marble inomkhuba obuthakathaka wokwakha amahlumela. Zibomvu ezimnyama futhi ziqondiswa phezulu.
Amahlumela ahlanganiswe kakhulu ngama-lentile anemibala ekhanyayo. Amafihlekile ayinxantathu futhi anombala ombala. Izimbali zomuthi ekuqaleni ziba nombala omhlophe, kepha ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwezithelo kuba mnyama kakhulu. I-Inflorescences iyisambulela-like futhi iqukethe izimbali ezincane eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kwengu-9.
Iphakathi kwe "Marble": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamaparele zinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obukhulu obukhulu bobukhulu obuphakathi nobunjwa bokuthutha, okutholakala nge-angle elula kuya ekudubula. Ama-Pear Pears asetshenziselwa ukulimala adluliselwa kuhlobo oluthile, njengoba izithelo zalo zivame ukukhula ezinqoleni eziphakathi kwamagatsha amabili kuya amane.
Unesimo esivamile esiyindilinga kanye nesimo esibushelelezi. Izithelo zinesikhumba esinomsoco, ngaphansi kwayo kukhona imibala emincane yombala onomvutha.
Umbala oyinhloko wesithelo unombala ophuzi okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa eceleni kwamapheya wezinhlobonhlobo zeMarble kukhona indawo emabhulabhaka obomvu obomvu, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngaleyo ndlela. Izithelo zepeyari ye-Marble zinamanzi amakhulu, izilinganiso eziphakathi nendawo.
I-fruit pulp ingaba nekhilimu noma umbala omhlophe futhi ibonakala ngesakhiwo esinqunyiwe. Imbewu inombala obomvu embala futhi itholakala ngobuncane besithelo.
Amapheya e-marble anambitha okumnandi futhi iphunga elimnandi futhi ayingxenye ye-dessert ye-pear.
Izithombe zamapheya "I-Marble":
Izici
I-pear marble iqala ukunikeza izithelo ngonyaka wesithupha kuya kwesikhombisa emva kokuhluma futhi ibonakala isivuno esikhulu. Izithelo zaso zivuthwa ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, kanti isikhathi somthengi sihlala cishe amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane. Izithelo ezisusiwe zingagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-60 kuya kwezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa. Sinesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuthutha kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zezimpahla.
Izinto ezinganciphisa ukuvunwa yisimo sezulu esomile kanye nemimoya eqinile yomoya, ngenxa yokuthi amapheya angaphula. I-pear marble ibonakala ngokumelana kwama-frost.
URogneda, uDuchess, uSverdlovchanka, uFeryaya, uLel noChizhovskaya babonisa okuhle ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Enye yezinzuzo zeParry pear ukuphikisana kwayo esikhaleni, powdery isikhutha kanye nezithelo bola. Izinhlobo zePearl zingasetshenziswa njengezivolontiya zeParble pears. I-Cathedral, Severyanka, ihlobo le-Oryol ne-Oryol ubuhle.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Amapheya we-marble anconywa ukuba atshalwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla - cishe inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Okuhle kunazo zonke izitshalo zalesi sihlahla zingumhlabathi we-loamy.
Kulo mhlaba Ipeyari ye-Marble iqinisekiswe ukukunikeza isivuno esihle, uma ulandela imithetho yokumnakekela.
Uma unquma ukutshala i-Marble pear enhlabathini yobumba, emgodini wokutshala kuyimpoqo engeza i-peat, umquba futhi isihlabathi somfula usayizi omkhulu.
Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuba izithombo zikhule ngendlela evamile, zanelise isidingo somoya. Ukuze inhlabathi enesihlabathi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ezifana ne-humus, peat kanye nomquba.
Ukujula kwezimbobo zokutshala izithombo kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angu-70, kanti ububanzi kufanele bube yimitha eyodwa. Kunconywa ukumba imbobo izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufika okuhleliwe. Ngaphansi kwegodi, ungaphonsa ama-husk namakhayini we-tin.
KUBALULEKILE! Uma uzohlwanyela umhlabathi waseMarble endaweni lapho eduze khona amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kufanele wenze umgodla ukhiphe lawa manzi, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ungafa.
Ukuze uthole ukuqinisekiswa kungcono ukutshala izithombo ezinqoleni ezincane. Ngaphambi kweParry Pear ungahlwanyela izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zemifino ngaphandle kwemmbila ne-sunflower. Lezi zici ezide kakhulu zidonsa emhlabathini cishe zonke izakhi ezidinga umuthi we-pear.
Izithombo kufanele ziphuze njalo, futhi umanyolo onyakeni wokuqala wokutshala akudingekile ukuyisebenzisa. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zidinga ukuchelela izikhathi eziningana entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ukuphuza kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokunisela.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaguba indawo yokuzungezile ezungeze iziqu, ukujula okufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu futhi uthele ngokucophelela amanzi kuwo. Ukuphuza imitha eyodwa yesikwele sokutshala ipeyari, uzodinga amabhakede amabili noma amathathu amanzi.
Ngemuva kokunisela, futhi emva kwemvula, kubalulekile ukukhulula imibuthano ye-pristvolny kusuka kokhula.
Ngo-Mashi, kubalulekile ukucwenga amapheya, ukususa amagatsha amadala nokunciphisa abasele. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni umqhele ukuqina futhi kusebenze njengento evuselelekayo ekubunjweni kweziqu ezincane.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, i-Marble Pear idinga ukuchithwa. Ukufafaza kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula, okuzosiza ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Sulaza isihlahla okwesibili kufanele sibe lapho sibonakala sihluma. Ukuze ufefaze, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana "Ulaka", "Strobe" ne "Inta-Vir".
Ngo-May, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukubandakanya ekucebiseni kwenhlabathi ngezici zokulandelela Ngenxa yalokhu ungasebenzisa i-saltpeter, irea, i-copper sulfate nesisombululo se-boric acid. Ukuze uthole umuthi omdala, kubalulekile ukuqhuba utshani obunamanzi obuzungezayo bese ulondla inhlabathi nge-nitrogen. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi utshani buvutha kakhulu umhlabathi. Ukulungisa umuthi ebusika, ungatshala umquba ohlaza, ozobola ngesikhathi sekwindla futhi ucebise inhlabathi ngezinto ezidingekayo.
Into eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kwamaparele eMarble ehlobo ukuphuza okuvamile kwezimpungushe.
NgoSeptemba-Okthoba, kunconywa ukugcoba iziqu, futhi ukuqhuma kwensimbi ebomvu kufanele kusetshenziswe ukudweba amanxeba emagqabeni esihlahla. NgoNovemba yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala umhlabathi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izinto ezinjengomquba, i-potassium, i-superphosphate, i-dolomite, umlotha, i-chloride ye-sodium, usawoti kanye ne-lime. Izitshalo kumele zibekwe eceleni kwepeyari noma nxazonke zomjikelezo womqhele wayo.
Ezinyangeni zasebusika, izihlahla zingafudumala ngeqhwa ukuzivikela ekuqhenqeni, kanti izithombo ezincane zidinga inhlabathi ephakemeyo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-pear marble imelana kakhulu ne-powdery mildew ne-//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, kodwa isadinga izinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela.
Ukwenza lokhu, ngesikhathi sekwindla bamba imibuthano eseduze-, bawahlwitha emaqabunga awile, kanti ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa bahlanza igxolo elidala esihlahleni somuthi, okwenza indawo entsha. Ukuze uvikele isiqu somuthi kusuka kumagundane, ungasebenzisa i-shag noma ugwayi.
I-marble pear yizinhlobonhlobo eziyingqayizivele zalesi sitshalo sesithelo. Uma ukhathalela ukunakekelwa kwakhe ngokuziphendulela, nakanjani uyokuvuza ngemali eningi yezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezomnandi.
Unganaki ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi ngamaminerali futhi uphefa izihlahla ukuvikela ukulwa nama-parasites nezifo. Qaphela ngokucophelela isimo nokukhula kwemithi yabo, bese-ke bayokujabulela isikhathi eside.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziphikisana nezifo: uLimonka, uLira, i-Northenian Red-cheeked, eMoscow ekuqaleni noNoyabrskaya.
