Isinqumo esihle kakhulu sezinkomo ezifuywayo

Uma ubuchwepheshe bepulazi ukukhiqizwa kobisi, ukhetho lokulondolozwa nokulima kweKomvu eliBomvu lezinkomo liyisixazululo esinengqondo futhi esisebenzayo.

Esikhathini eside, cishe eminyakeni engu-200 yokuhlangenwe nakho ekuzaleni nasekusebenzeni kwe-zootechnical ngokuzalwa kuqinisekisa lokhu.

Umlando we-Red Steppe breed

Indawo yasekhaya - izindawo eziseningizimu zase-Ukraine. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi siqondiso sezinkomo zobisi kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngokungenwa kwesinye isibabule sase-Ukraine ne-Angeln, Ostfryzlyandskoy, i-Wilstermarch.

Kusukela kuma-70s ekhulu le-XIX. ngenxa yezinqubo zokufuduka kwabantu, ukuzalwa kwekhanda elibomvu laseJalimane elibangelwa ukuwela liye lasakazeka kusuka ogwini olusenyakatho lweLwandle OluMnyama olwandle lwaseBuban, esifundeni saseStvropol, iKalmykia, isifunda seVolga, izifunda ezisentshonalanga zaseSiberia.

Kulezi zimo ezintsha zokudoba kwemvelo, kwakukhona ukuwela ngezinhlobo zezinkomo, ngenxa yalokho kuvela khona inzalo entsha kanye namaqembu okuzalwa.

Okokugcina uhlobo oluthile lwenkomo yobisi zabonakaliswa ngokugcwele nezimo zezulu ezisezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinsizakalo ezithintekayo ze-forage.

Izici zangaphandle

Izakhiwo ezilandelayo ziphawulwe ukuthi zijwayele ukuzalwa.:

• umfaniswano kusuka obomvu obomvu kuya kumbala obomvu we-cherry (kodwa kungase kube nezimpawu ezimhlophe ebaleni, ikhanda, esifubeni);
• imisipha ibuthakathaka;
• isakhiwo somzimba ohlangene ubude 150 - 165 cm;
• ikhanda elikhanyayo;
• esifubeni esijulile - kufika ku-70 cm, ububanzi obuphakathi - 45 - 47 cm;
• umugqa ophezulu uyigugu;
• Umlingo ungaphakathi, isitsha- noma umbhede;
• isisu sinamandla, kodwa hhayi ukuxosha;
• Ukuma nokusethwa kwezitho kulungile.

Izici

Ikhono lokuzala lezinkomo lilungile:

• Ukuthoma kokuthoma eneminyaka eyi-28 ukuya kwe-29;
• ukuzala kuphakeme;
• isikhathi sezinsuku ezingaba ngu-380;
• ngokudla okunempilo nokwanele, amathole ngezinyanga eziyisithupha afinyelela ku-160-170 kg wesisindo esibukhoma.

Isisindo somzimba esilinganisiwe isilwane esikhulile singama-800 - 900 kg ngensimbi; 450 - 550 kg ngenkomo. Umkhiqizo we-lactation period cishe ngo-3.5-4 000 kg ubisi olunomuthi we-3.5-3.7%.

Ukuvunwa kwenyanga njalo inkomo enenkathi yokulahlwa kwezinsuku ezingu-305 kusukela ku-340 kuya ku-400 kg futhi incike ekupheleni kwesilwane, isibalo sokukholisa, ikhwalithi yokudla, kanye nezimo zokuboshwa.

Kukhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezimbuzi zobisi, njenge: Jersey, Simmental, Aishir.

Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa okuhle kobisi okungenakuphikwa kufanelekile amadwala abizwa ngokuthi:

• ukukhuthazela;
• ukujwayela kahle isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu;
• ukungathobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa;
• ngezikhathi zokomela ehlobo, izinkomo azigcini nje ngesisindo, kodwa futhi ziyondla ngisho nasemadlelweni ase-saline.

Kuya ukungalungi Ukubeletha kungabonakala ku:

• izigameko eziningi ze-mastitis ezinkolweni zobisi ngenkathi kusetshenzwa umshini ngenxa yesakhiwo esivame ukuhlangana ngaso sonke isikhathi sobuningi noma amasheya awo;
• ukulimala kwamalungu ngenxa yemisipha ebuthakathaka lapho kuhlwanyela emadlelweni enokuphumula okungafani;
• ubuthakathaka besakhiwo: izinkinga zokuqhaqhazela kanye nezinkinga;
• Imithombo ethile ibonisa ukwehluleka kwesisindo esincane sokuphila kwezilwane, kodwa omunye angavumelani nalokhu, ngoba ekuqaleni uhlelwe njengesihlobo sezimbuzi.

Isithombe

Isithombe "Izinkomo ezibomvu" izinkomo:

Ukudla nokunakekelwa

Izakhiwo zokuvumelanisa eziphezulu ukuvikela ukugwema ubunzima kanye nezindleko ezibonakalayo eziphathelene nokugcinwa nokunakekela izilwane. Ehlobo, umthombo wokudla wemvelo kanye nendawo ewusizo kakhulu yidlelo.

Utshani lunomphumela omuhle esimweni somzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezilwane. Ezindaweni ezinomfudumalo oshisayo ikakhulukazi, naphezu kokuba izinkomo zezinhlanzi ezibomvu zibekezeleleke kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kungaba kuhle ukuhlela umthunzi emadlelweni.

Kubalulekile gwema ukuguqulwa okungaphezu kwama-2-2.5 km epulazini lamadlelo: izindleko zamandla ngekhilomitha ngayinye yokulinganisa zilingana nokubunjwa kwe-1 kg yobisi.

Ukuze lactation enhle, amanzi okuphuza kufanele ahlanzeke, ahlanzeke futhi anele okwanele.

Igumbi elimangalisayo, elikhanyayo, elomile ngaphandle kwemidwebo elinokushisa kwe-10 - 12 ° C yiyona ndlela engcono yokugcina izinkomo ebusika.

Ukuze nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwezinsuku ze-frosty ngamazinga okushisa ngezansi -15 ° C, ukuhamba udinga ukuba nendawo encane. Ukuhlanza kuhlanganisa ukuxubha nokugeza amanzi ezindaweni ezingcolile kakhulu.

Njengezinye izinhlanga, isidingo sezakhi ezinkomeni ezibomvu ezisezintabeni zixhomeke esimweni somzimba. Ngokuvamile, ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwasebusika yi-hay.

Kodwa, kunikezwa ukulula kwezilwane zalolu hlobo ngokuphathelene nokunikezwa kokudla, ingxenye yesithathu yombhalo ingashintshwa ngotshani.

Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izinhlobo zemifino yemifino empande kufanele ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla.

Uma ama-gourds engeziwe ku-feed enkulu, kungcono ukuwagaya.

I-Silage njengomthombo owodwa wokudla akuthandeki: kungabangela ukuzalwa kwamathole abuthakathaka.

Ukuze ugweme ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinqubo zamandla emzimbeni kanye nokuntuleka kwamavithamini, izilwane kufanele zithole ama-premixes - izitsha ngokufaka ama-vitamin-mineral components, noma izakhiwo eziningi ze-multivitamin. Amavithamini abaluleke kakhulu:

• Aukulawula umsebenzi wokuphefumula, ukugaya ukudla, ukuvuthwa kwamanzi;
• D, ukuhlinzeka ngamathambo kanye nokuvimbela ama-rickets ngamathole;
• Eokuqala izinqubo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuxilonga.

Ukubuyisela ukusilela kwe-sodium ekutheni izitshalo, izilwane kufanele zinikezwe usawoti.

Ukugoma nokuvimbela izifo

Izinkomo ezibomvu ezinamaphesenti aziphikisanga ngokukhethekile nje kuphela izici ezicindezelayo zemvelo, kodwa nezifo ezithile, isibonelo, ukuphefumulakanye nokuthi i-leukemiaokuholela ekwehleni nasekuhlatshweni kwezilwane ezigulayo.

Naphezu komthethosisekelo oqinile nokukhuthazela kwalezi zinkomo, ukugonywa kwezinye izifo ezinkulu zezinkomo kuyimpoqo:

• isifo somlenze nomlomo;
• emkar;
• i-anthrax.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngokumelene nemikhaza kanye nezimpungushe ze-gadfly zenziwa ngokuya ngesimo: ukubonakala kwamaphilisi ngamagundane ama-gadfly ngemuva kwezilwane, ukutholakala kwemikhaza emadlelweni.

Ngokumelene nama-parasites we-pulmonary kanye nesisu, ukwelashwa kwezinkomo kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithilefuthi njengoba kudingeka.

Amathemba okuzalela

Ngokuvamile, isifiso sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza okukhiqizayo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Abakhiqizi be-steppe ebomvu ngenkathi begcina izindawo eziphakeme eziguquguqukayo nokukhuthazela kubonakalisa imikhakha ephezulu yokuthuthukisa:

• Holstein-obomvu obomvu;
• i-angler;
• isiDanish esibomvu

Umgomo kwakuwukugcina:

• amafutha e-milk high kanye namafutha aphezulu;
• ubisi obuningi kanye nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside izinkomo ezibomvu zesiDanish;
• ikhwalithi engcono yesidumbu, isisindo esikhulu esiphilayo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izithelo eziphezulu zivela ku-golshtinok

Ikhono eliphezulu lokunciphisa ukwenziwa kohlobo kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuyinhloko njengesici esihle sokufuywa kwemfuyo ezindaweni lapho kunesimo esishisayo, esomile.

Ukungathobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa akusho ukuhlupheka nokungalingani kokudla kulokhu. Ukondliwa kahle kwezilwane, ukuphendula kwabo okuhle ekuncelweni okuthuthukisiwe kuzokuqinisekisa ukukhokha okuphezulu kokudla okutholakala ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi ehloniphekile.