Igama amakhowe amhlophe wathola kusukela esikhathini esidala. Khona-ke abantu ikakhulukazi amakhowe omisiwe. I-pulp ye-fungus emhlophe yayilokhu ihlanzekile ngokuphelele ngemva kokumiswa noma ukwelashwa okushisa. Lesi yisizathu salolu gama. I-fungus emhlophe ingokwesihlobo sama-Boletus, ngakho igama lesibili le-fungus elimhlophe yi-boletus.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokuqoqa amakhowe, kudingekile ukuba uqale ukuwacubungula, ngoba amakhowe amhlophe alahlekelwa izinto zawo ngokushesha kakhulu. Isibonelo, emva kwamahora angu-10, i-mushroom isivele iqukethe isigamu samaminerali kanye nezici zokulandelela.
Cabanga ngezinhlobo ze-fungus ezimhlophe nencazelo yazo. Zonke ziyizikhumba ezidliwayo zesigaba sokuqala futhi zibe nesimo esifanayo.
Amakhowe amhlophe (i-spruce) (i-Boletus edulis)
Libhekisela efomu elivame kakhulu futhi linesimo esivamile. I-cap isundu noma i-chestnut embala we-7-30 cm. Ubuso bayo bubushelelezi futhi bubukeka futhi abuhlukananga no-pulp.
Ukuma kwenyawo le-pedicle kunomzimba phansi, kufinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kuka-12 cm futhi kubhekwa phezulu kulolu hlobo lwe-fungus emhlophe. Ubuso bomlenze buhlanganiswe ngendwangu futhi unombala obumhlophe obumhlophe. Ukunambitheka kuyanciphisa, iphunga liyinkimbinkimbi futhi umuntu ngokuvamile uvuswa ngokupheka noma ekomile. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kukhona ububanzi obuncane obuphakathi kuka-1-4 cm, okuhlukaniswa kalula kusuka ku-pulp futhi bunomshini ophuzi.
I-pulp ye-fungus iyimhlophe emhlophe futhi ayishintshi umbala uma iphukile. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala e-spruce nasehlathini emahlathini amakhulu e-Eurasia, ngaphandle kwe-Iceland, kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia. Izithelo ngabanye noma izindandatho. Ufake ama-mycorrhiza ngezihlahla ezinamaqabunga kanye ne-coniferous.
Ngokuvamile kubonakala nge-russula eluhlaza kanye nama-chanterelles. Ikhetha amahlathi amadala nge-moss kanye ne-lichen. Izimo zezulu ezimnandi zokubukeka okukhulu kwamakhowe amhlophe zibhekwa njengezikhathi ezincane zokuduma kwezulu ngobusuku obufudumele nobusuku. Ikhetha indawo enhlabathini enesihlabathi, enesihlabathi kanye ne-loamy futhi evulekile izindawo ezifudumele. Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngoJuni-Okthoba.
Izimfanelo zokudla okunomsoco we-fungus ezimhlophe ziphezulu kakhulu. Isetshenziswe kwifomu eluhlaza, obilisiwe, omisiwe. Ngokuqukethwe kwezakhi nezindlela zokulandelela izifungi ezimhlophe azidluli ezinye izinhlobo zefungi, kodwa isishukumisi esinamandla sokugaya.
Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi imifino emhlophe kunzima ukugaya ngomzimba ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-chitin, kodwa ngemuva kokumisa kuba ngaphezulu kokugaya (80%). Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, imithi yendabuko isebenzisa izidakamizwa zokulwa nezicubu, izindawo zokuzivikela ezikhunjulwa ngumzimba.
I-white mushroom pine (i-Boletus pinophilus)
Lezi zinhlobo zifana nencazelo evamile yefungus elimhlophe, kodwa lihlukile kwezinye izici.. Le cap is 8-25 cm ububanzi, obomvu obomvu nombala nge violet hue, kodwa ukukhanya kancane emaphethelweni. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba se-cap inyama iyinki. Umlenze omfushane nobukhulu, u-7-16 cm ukuphakama. Umbala wayo ulula kancane kunekhanda, kodwa uhlanganiswe ngendwangu encane ebomvu elincane. Ubunqamule obuncane obuphakathi kwe-2 cm ububanzi obuphuzi. Kukhona uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pine white fungus. Ihlukana embala wokukhanya owedlula we-hat ne-pulp ngaphansi kwalo. Kubonakala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Lezi zinhlobo zakha i-mycorrhiza kaningi nge-pin. Ikhetha inhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi ikhula ngezingoma noma ngamaqembu amancane. I-Pine i-white fungus ivame eYurophu, eMelika Ephakathi, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.
I-White mushroom birch (i-Boletus betulicola)
Ngezinye izikhathi ezindaweni zaseRussia kuthiwa yi-kolosovik ngenxa yokubonakala kwe-rye ngesikhathi sokuthola. Lezi zinhlobo zine-cap elula elula, ubukhulu bayo buyi-5-15 cm ububanzi. Inyama ayishintshi umbala ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kodwa ayikwazi ukunambitheka. Umlenze ohlotshiswe umgqomo, obomvu obomhlophe obomvu ngendwangu emhlophe. Uhlaka olubomvu lomthunzi ophuzi kuze kube ngu-2.5 cm ububanzi. Ama-Birch boletus ahlanganisa i-mycorrhiza ne-birch. Ukuhluma ngokweqile noma ngamaqembu. Uthanda ukukhula emaphethelweni noma emigwaqweni. Itholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, naseRussia - esifundeni saseMurmansk, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.
Uyazi? Ukukhula kwe-fungus emhlophe kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-9, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezithile ezikhula izinsuku ezingu-15.
I-Mushroom Ebomvu-Bronze Omhlophe (i-Boletus aereus)
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinhlobo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi i-copper or hornbeam porcini mushroom. Isikhwama sinamafutha, sinama-shape, sifinyelela ububanzi buka-7-17 cm. Isikhumba singaba bushelelezi noma sibe nemifantu emincane, imnyama emnyama, cishe emnyama. Inyama imhlophe, inomusa omuhle futhi iphunga, lapho iphukile, ikhanya kancane. Umlenze u-cylindrical, omkhulu, unombala obomvana obomvu ngendwangu enemibala. Ingqimba ye-tubular ine-tint ephuzi futhi ububanzi obufinyelela ku-2 cm, kodwa uma icindezelwe iba umbala womnqumo. Lezi zinhlobo zisatshalaliswa emahlathini ahlotshisiwe ngesimo sezulu esishisayo. Okuvame ukutholakala eNtshonalanga naseYurophu YaseYurophu, eSweden, eNyakatho Melika. Isikhathi se-fruiting sisukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, kodwa sivela e-Austria ngoMeyi noJuni. Kuhlanganiswe ezincwadini ezibomvu zase-Ukraine, eMontenegro, eNorway, eDenmark, eMoldova.
Ngokunambitheka kuhlonishwa yizinkuni ezingaphezu kwezimhlophe zamakhowe ezimhlophe. Inezibonakaliso zangaphandle ezifanayo namakhowe asePoland adlekile (i-Xerocomus badius), enomzimba owuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi umlenze awunayo inetha. Okunye okutholakala emahlathini ahlambulukile nalawo ahlanganisiwe yi-fungus elimhlophe elithusi (uBoletus subaereus), elinombala ogqamile.
Buka Kufakiwe 0 Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Boletus reticulatus, Boletus aestivalis
Inetha le-mushroom elimhlophe lihlukile kusuka e-spruce eyodwa embala wokukhanyisa we-cap kanye nesigaxa esibi kakhulu emlenzeni. Kubhekwa njengokuqala kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhowe amhlophe. Le cap ifinyelela ububanzi obungama-6-30 cm futhi inombala obala obomvu. I-pulp iyimhlophe emhlophe, ngaphansi kwezibhubhu ine-tint yellow. Isiqu sincane, sinyene, sinobuciko, sinobubala obunombala futhi sihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngokubonakala kwephethini elikhulu lemifino. Amakhowe amhlophe amhlophe anephunga elimnandi nelinambitheka elimnandi.
Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-tubular kuya ku-3.5 cm. Umbala wayo uhluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya obala okwesibhakabhaka. Ubuningi balezi zilwane kukhona ukuqubuka kwesikhumba samakhowe amadala. Lezi zinhlobo zakha i-mycorrhiza ne-beech, i-oak, i-chestnut, i-hornbeam futhi ikhula emaphethelweni enhlabathini eyomile, e-alkali.
Akuvamile ukulimazwa yizinambuzane. Ikhula eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, eNyakatho Melika. Ukuvuna kwenziwa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. I-fungus emhlophe emhlophe ifana kakhulu ne-birch, ene-cap elula futhi inetha elifishane.
I-white mushroom oak (i-Boletus quercicola)
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-white oak fungus iyisikhumba esibomvu esinama-grayish. Kubumnyama kakhulu kunemibala ye-birch. Inyama isincane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Ikhula eCaucasus, ePrimorsky Krai. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngoJuni-Okthoba. Ikhula kakhulu, engavamile kumakhowe amhlophe.
Kubalulekile! Ifana kakhulu ne-mushroom emhlophe-amakhowe amakhowe. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngenxa yokufutheka kwayo. Umehluko omkhulu ovela emangcwabeni omhlophe yi-layering tubular ebomvu kanye nombala omnyama wesigqoko emlenzeni.
Amakhowe amancane amhlophe (i-Boletus impolius)
Isikhunta esimhlophe sinohlobo lwama-boletus futhi singabizwa ngokuthi i-yellow boletus. Ikhanda lifinyelela ububanzi buka-5-15 cm ngesikhumba esishelelekile sombala obomvu okhanyayo. I-pulp ye-fungus inkulu, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, futhi iphunga likhumbuza i-carbolic acid.
Umlenze ubukhulu, ubujamo be-cylindrical, kuze kube ngu-15 cm high, unemibala enemibala. Iphethini lemifino emlenzeni awutholakali, kodwa ubuso bunzima. I-tubular ungqimba kufika ku-3 cm obukhulu obuphuzi. Ikhula e-oak, beech, emahlathini e-hornbeam futhi ikhetha indawo enobumba obumanzi. Ama-boletus aphuzi angamakhowe we-thermophilic futhi avamile ePolesie, eCarpathian, enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Europe ingxenye yaseRussia. Ukuvuna kwenziwa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ekwindla.
Kweminye imithombo, ngenxa yephunga elithile elichazwe njengefungus ezidliwayo ngokomzimba. Ukunambitheka akusiphansi kune-mushroom emhlophe yama-classic. Ngemuva kokumiswa nokwephunga iphunga lidlula ngokuphelele. Emibonakalweni yangaphandle ibonakala njengendodakazikazi ye-boletus, kodwa ihluke kuyo ngephunga elithile futhi alishintshi umbala we-pulp ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
I-Boletus girl (Boletus appendiculatus)
Kubonakala sengathi incazelo nge-boletus ephuzi, kodwa iphunga elimnandi, futhi inyama enqamukeni iphendulela okwesibhakabhaka. I-cap in ububanzi ifinyelela ku-8-20 cm, inebala lombala wegolide elibomvu noma obomvu. I-pulp ye-fungus iphuzi, ene-blue tint. Umlenze ukhululekile, unomngcele wesisekelo bese ukhula u-7-15 cm ubukhulu. Unombala okhanyayo futhi uhlanganiswe ngendwangu ephuzi. Uhlaka lwama-tubula lufinyelela ku-2.5 cm obukhulu, obomvu obukhanyayo nombala nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma ucindezelwe. I-Borovik maiden idala i-mycorrhiza ngezihlahla ezinamathele futhi ikhula eningizimu yeYurophu. Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngesikhathi sehlobo - ekwindla.
I-Borovik royal (i-Boletus regius)
I-Royal Borovik ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zekhanda elibomvu-obomvu nomlenze ophuzi ophuzi onomklamo omncane omncane engxenyeni engenhla. Isikhwama sifinyelela ububanzi buka-6-15 cm futhi sinesikhumba esithakazelisayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi siboshwe ngemifantu eboshiwe. I-pulp ye-fungus inomdlandla, iluphuzi embala, ne-fracture iphenduka okwesibhakabhaka. I-mushroom inephunga elimnandi nelinambitha. Umlenze uhlanganisiwe, unokuphakama kwama-5-15 cm. Uhlaka olungama-tubular lufinyelela ku-2.5 cm obukhulu obuphuzi.
I-Royal white mushroom emhlophe ikhula emahlathini amancane. Ikhetha inhlabathi enesihlabathi ne-calcareous. Itholakala eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Ekude. Isikhathi se-fruiting ngoJulayi-Septemba. I-mushroom inomusa kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ifomu eluhlaza noma emathinini.
Uyazi? E-Ukraine, esifundeni sase-Ivano-Frankivsk, eduze nomuzi waseVerkhniy Maidan, izingcezu ezingu-118 zamakhowe amhlophe zaziqoqwe ngamamitha ayisithupha. I-mushroom emhlophe enesisindo esingu-6.75 kg itholakala eRussia ngaseVladimir ngo-1964.
I-mushroom emhlophe iyona edume kakhulu futhi iyintandokazi ngayinye ye-picker ngayinye. Ukuphakama kwalo kungalandelwa kokubili ngobukhulu obukhulu futhi kunambitheka kakhulu kanye nezimfanelo zokudla okunomsoco. Uma uqoqa amakhowe, ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo komqoqo we-mushroom: uma ungaqiniseki ngisho ne-mushroom ejwayelekile, ulilahle, ungathathi amathuba!
