Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthandwa kwamapheya eRussia kukhula ngokushesha. Isidingo esikhulu kakhulu esikhona emgwaqeni ophakathi - isifunda esingakwazi ukuziqhenya ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yevithamini njengezindawo eziseningizimu.
Omunye walezi ziko uhlobo of eliphakathi kwe "Love Yakovlev" - Incazelo yezici ezihlukahlukene nezithombe zesithelo ngezansi.
Abalimi bezitshalo bakhangwa yilokhu okusabalalisa kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma izimbali), ezikwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle kanye nama-gourmets anezithelo ezihlwabusayo.
Uhlobo luni?
"Intandokazi Yakovlev" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi uvuthwe ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngokuvuthwa kwalo, izithelo zawo eziluhlaza ezinezindwangu zegolide zithelelwa ekuqaleni noma phakathi kukaSeptemba.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-autumn zihlanganisa: Fairy, Uralochka, Silent Don, Tyoma naseLarinskaya.
Njengabanye abaningi ekwindla ekuqaleni ikhasi, lezinhlobo zinikeza izithelo ezinomsoco, okuthi, ngenxa yobuningi babo kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina okuhle, (ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile) zingagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi "Izintandokazi" ingagcinwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngekhwalithi yayo kanye nezimo zokunambitha kuze kufike ku-November frosts.
Ngenxa yobumbano obukhulu, lezi peyari zikwazi ukuthwala ukuhamba okude kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqalisweni kokuvuna emaketangeni okudayisa.
Esinye isici esibalulekile salesi peyari sincane kakhulu ukhwaliti self-fertility. Izinga layo linjalo kangangokuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bahlukanisa "uLyubimitsu Yakovlev" isiko elithatha ukuzimela.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe ngenxa yempova yi-pollen yayo inikeza i-ovary cishe ngo-10-25% yenani lezithelo. Noma kunjalo, izinombolo zingase zihluke ngenye indlela, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu kanye nesimo semvelo.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhulelwa okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kokuvunwa okuhle, kutuswa ukuba utshale umuthi we-pollinator eduze "Nezintandokazi Yakovlev". I-pollinator engcono kakhulu kulezi zinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo "i-Summer Duchess" ("Williams").
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ososayensi ovelele waseRussia I.V. Michurin waqala inqubo yokuhamba ngokusebenzayo enyakatho yenkambiso enjalo ye-thermophilic njengepayari.
Abafundi bakhe kanye nabalandeli bakhe badala izinhlobo eziningi zama-pear ezaqala ukuthela izithelo kahle ezimweni ezinzima zaseRussia ephakathi.
Omunye walaba abalandeli bakaMichurin kwaba Pavel Nikanorovich Yakovlev (1898-1957).
Umfuyi ovelele, udokotela wezolimo zezolimo, uprofesa, uthisha we-Academy of Agricultural Sciences, wenza okuningi ekuvumelaneni kwangempela kwezihlahla eziphakathi kwe-pear trees phakathi nendawo engasenyakatho yeSoviet Union. Izinhlobonhlobo "uLyubimitsa Yakovleva" yaba "isikhumbuzo" esiphila emsebenzini wakhe wesayensi.
Qaphela! Abalimi abaqalayo badidanisa izinhlobonhlobo "Pet Yakovlev" nezinye izinhlobo futhi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto encane noma columnar pear - lokhu iphutha, isihlahla esinamandla futhi sikhula ngokushesha.
Zisebenze ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-Academician Yakovlev ezachitha edolobheni laseMichurinsk (esifundeni saseTambov) ngesisekelo seCentral Genetic Laboratory. I.V. Michurin (manje i-All-Russian Research Institute ye-Genetics kanye nokuzala izithelo zezitshalo).
Ukuze kukhishwe amaparele amasha anezindawo ezifanele izifunda zaseRussia ezineziqhwa zama-frosty kanye nemifula engapheli kakhulu, ososayensi benza ukuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwezinhlobo ze-pear "Indodakazi uBlancova" nge peari yaseBelgium "Bergamot Esperen".
Ngenxa yalokho, "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" zifakwe kwiRejista Yombuso yokuzalanisa izimpumelelo zeRussian Federation yokuklanywa e-Central (EMoscow, eRyazan, eTula, naseKaluga), I-Central Black Earth (Tambov, Lipetsk, izifunda zaseBelgorod) kanye I-Middle Volga (Penza, Samara, izifunda zase-Ulyanovsk, izifunda zezolimo zaseMordovia, eTatarstan.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya iHera, iCathhedral, i-Krasnobakaya, u-Elena no-Vernaia bazizwa kahle e-Middle Band.
Pear "Izintandokazi Yakovlev": incazelo ezihlukahlukene nezithombe
Izinhlobonhlobo "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobonhlobo zepey kulezi zimingcele ezilandelayo zangaphandle nezakhi:
- Isihlahla. Kubalwa njengamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuze kufinyelele ubukhulu bayo, isihlahla sikhula masinyane ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle. Amagxolo ahlanganiswe ne-grey smoothishish.
- Crown, amagatsha. Isihloko somuthi njengoba sikhula sithatha isimo sephiramidi enkulu. Amagatsha anombala amhlophe asuka esihlahleni esiseduze ngakwesokudla. Ukuma komqhele kubalwa njengokujwayelekile.
- Amahlumela. Ngamahlumela ambalwa, ngehlumela elibuthakathaka elimnyama libhekwe umbala omnyama omnyama. Phakathi kwama-fruiting formations ulawulwa umkhonto ne kolchatka.
- Amahlamvu. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo anomumo wamaqanda oblong. Umbala - obuluhlaza obumnyama nobumnyama. Izinso eziphakathi nendawo - izeluleko ezikhomba. Amafihledi avame ukucindezelwa emagatsheni.
- I-Inflorescences. Ihlangene nezimbali ezingu-7-10. Izimbali ezimhlophe. Ngaphandle kakhulu ekhangayo ngenxa ye-terry ehlukile yamacembe ayo.
- Izithelo. Ekuvuneni kwalolu hlobo, izithelo zomzimba oyedwa zilawulwa ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile (isisindo esiphezulu se-pear sifinyelela ku 130-140 g). Ifomu liyi-classical, eliphakathi kwe-pear, landisiwe. Isikhumba se-fetus sinokuthungwa kwe-matte. Isikhumba sinobudlelwane obuphakathi, ubushelelezi kuze kuthinte. Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe ngesikhathi sokususwa emthini uphuzi nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwezinye izindawo zesikhumba kunokwenzeka ukuthi i-tan elula. Emva "izithelo" zokuvuthwa "Izintandokazi" zithola i-hue yegolide. Esikhathini sepeyari kunezindawo eziningi ze-hypodermic. I-granulation ngamaseli amakhulu "amatshe" isici sezinyamazane ezincane, inyama enemibala ekhanda. Izithelo ziphethwe yisiqu eside, esiyindilinga.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo futhi ubone amapheya "Uthando Yakovlev" ungaba esithombeni ngezansi:
Izici
Isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo siqala ukuthela izithelo 3-4 emva kokufika ukupholisa Ngesikhathi isivuno esiphezulu sitholakala, isitshalo esidala eneminyaka engu-7, unikeza isilinganiso sama-30-40 kg imikhiqizo elihlwabusayo.
Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi se-fruiting egcwele, abantu abangamaphesenti angama-220-230 of isivuno esihle bangasuswa ehektheleni elilodwa legadi.
I-flavour ejwayelekile yesithelo esivuthiwe esivela esihlahleni esisezingeni layo elikhiqizayo kakhulu sicatshangelwa ebiza ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-half-oily, ngomunyu omncane, ongenayo i-astringency, ngamanothi angemnandi anemifanekiso we-quince.
Izinhlobo zamapheya zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka kwazo okumangalisayo: i-Victoria, Forest Beauty, Moskvichka, Lel noTalgar ubuhle.
Kulokhu, ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wesithelo "Pet Yakovlev" kubonakala kanje:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 8,3% |
| Acids | 0,10% |
| Izinto ezisebenza nge-P | 32.7 mg / 100 g |
| I-ascorbic acid | 8.5 mg / 100 g |
Ochwepheshe bahlola amathuba okusebenzisa izithelo njengendawo yonke. Ngamanye amazwi, afana kahle kokubili efomu elisha nangesimo esenziwe.
Kuzo, ikakhulukazi, ama-compotes amahle kakhulu, ama-jams, alondoloza, ama-marmalades atholakala. Lezi peyari zithandwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngoba zingagcinwa esimweni esihle somthengi esiqandisini izinsuku ezingu-80.
Izinzuzo ezicacile zalezi zihlukahlukene nazo ukubekezelelana okuhle kwezimo zezulu ezimile kanye nobunzima bebusika obuphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukuzalisa lolu hlobo akufanelekile ingozi, ukuzama ukutshala ezindaweni ezingafanelekile.
Ukumangalelwa okubandayo okubandayo okuqinisekisiwe kuphela ezindaweni zokuqokwa kwazo ezisemthethweni.
Izinhlobo zama-frost ezinamakhaza zihlanganisa amapheya: i-Extravaganza, i-Severyanka ebomvu, i-Early Moscow, i-Orel Summer ne-Limonka.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala isihlahla kuqala ngokukhetha okuhle kwendawo lapho kuyokhula khona futhi ithele izithelo. Kule masiko kuyadingeka ukuthi indawo ivuleke kahle. Uma lesi simo singahlangatshezwanga, izithelo zizolahlekelwa yi-sugar content.
Naphezu kokuthi i-pear ibhekisela ngokujwayelekile ezitshalweni zezithelo zomswakama, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukuqhuma komswakama endaweni yokufika. Uma kunesongo esinjalo, kufanele kwenziwe ilungiselelo lokuhlelwa kwamanzi okuphoqelelwa.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli peyari "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" Uthanda inhlabathi ecebile emhlabathini omnyama, kanye nenhlabathi ehlathini yehlathi futhi ihamba. Kunoma yikuphi, ungatshala umuthi omncane kuphela enhlabathini evundile. Ngakho-ke, uma inhlabathi isiphelile, kuyadingeka ukuba u-fertilize ngaphambili ngendaba ephilayo.
Ngaphansi kokutshala umgodi ngokujula kwe-1 m nobubanzi obuyi-65-70 cm. Seviki nesigamu ngaphambi kokutshala amapheya kuwo Thela ibhakede lamanzi nge-2 izindebe zomlozi omisiwe oqhekekile.
Ukuze ugcwalise emuva, sebenzisa umhlabathi osusiwe lapho ugoba umgodi. Ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kabusha kuhlanganiswe nama-humus yemifino (amabhakede amabili), isihlabathi (amabhakede amabili) ne-superphosphate (1 indebe).
Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwangempela, isithombo senziwa ngendlela yokuthi, ngaphezu komhlaba, cishe intamo yempande yensimu yaphuma ngo-6-7 cm.
Ngemuva kokufaka indawo ye-seedling ezungeze isiqu sayo ngobumnene. Khona-ke ukuchelela kulandela (2-3 amabhakede wamanzi ahlukanisiwe).
Ukuqeda ukomisa okungathandekayo nokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi, isiyingi soguja sihlanganisiwe Uhlaka lwe-2-3 cm we-humus umquba omisiwe.
Ukubambelela ngokucophelela i-"Lyubimitsa Yakovleva" ithanga lisho ukuphuza umuthi njalo, ukhulule futhi uhlwanyele umhlabathi, uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane nezifo, unqume amagatsha afile futhi anesisindo ngesikhathi (entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuphuza amaqabunga).
Naphezu kokuqina kobusika obuningi bezinhlobonhlobo, kuyoba usizo ukufudumala isitshalo ebusika ebusika. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokhuni ngesikhathi esencane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ibanga "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" hhayi ukumelana nezifo kakhulu izithelo izitshalo (ukumelana medium).
Ukuphikisana nezifo eziyinhloko zamapheya: Sverdlovchanka, Chudesnitsa, Svetlyanka noBere Bosk.
Kweminye iminyaka emanzi ne-epiphytotic, ebonakala ngokusabalalisa okusheshayo nokubanzi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezindaweni ezinkulu, angase abe nethonya elikhulu ngesikhumba.
Lesi sifo sesibonakaliso sibonakala ngezindawo ezimnyama nezinombala ezimnyama ezenzeka kumaqabunga kanye nezithelo eziphakathi kwamapheya. Ngokuvamile i-causative agent yalesi sifo, i-wintered on the amahlumela, ihlasele isitshalo phakathi nenkathi yayo izimbali.
Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga aqoma futhi awe phansi kakhulu ngemiphumela emibi yomuthi, futhi izithelo ezithelelekile zikhubazekile futhi ziyeke ukudla.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwamapheya ekukhoneni kuyindlela yokuvimbela.
Kodwa uma ukutheleleka sekuvele kwenzeke, inhlabathi engadini kanye nemithi kufanele ibe njalo spray ithusi kanye ne-vitriol yensimbi, nitrafenom, olekupritami, i-Bordeaux liquid.
I-Bordeaux liquid, i-400 g yayo ehlanjululwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, iphonswa esihlahleni kathathu ngesizini ngasinye - ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza kanye nezinsuku eziyi-17-20 ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokumbali.
"Izintandokazi Yakovlev" - ezihlukahlukene ezidinga ukunakekelwa, ukusetshenziswa okulungile kolwazi kanye nokusebenza, kanye nothando. Ngaphansi kwazo zonke lezi zimo, ngokuqinisekile uzophendula umuntu ngokubuyisela.
