Izinkukhu ezincane neziyingozi zezimpande: birch, izithelo kanye ne-oki

Esikhathini sesakhiwo se-trunk yomuthi ngamunye kunomkhakha obalulekile osebenzayo - ama-sapwood.

It igcwalisa isikhala emkhatsini core of izinkuni kanye amagxolo, umqhubi wezakhi kanye namanzi kusukela ezimpandeni kuya emgqeni nasemuva.

Kule ndawo evundile futhi kulungiswe i-beetle encane emndenini wama-bark beetle-i-sapwood.

Izinhlobo ze-Sapwood nezindawo zokusabalalisa

Izinhlobo ezingu-200 ze-weevil beetles ingena eqenjini eliphilayo lezinambuzane zezithelo zezitshalo zeNyakatho Hemisphere neSouth America, futhi Amashumi ama-50 awo aboniswe ku-classifier ezweni lakithi.

Lezi zinambuzane "ngokukhethekile" zombili ezitshalwe (i-apula, iphakathi kwe, njll) kanye nezitshalo zasendle ezifana ne-mountain ash, hawthorn, cornel, deciduous and coniferous trees.

Zonke izinkathi zokuthuthukiswa kwe-beetle zenzeka endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu yomuthi, ngakho-ke umenze umonakalo ongenakulinganiswa, ukumba ngezingxenye eziningi, ukuwafaka nge-plug, ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana e-cambium (ukuhlinzeka ukwanda kwezicubu zomzimba), okwenza ukwelashwa kwe-acne.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi: I-beetle eyodwa ye-sapwood ihlaba impilo yayo kuze kube yizingxabano ezi-6 cm ubude. I-fecundity yowesifazane oyedwa amaqanda angama-100. Ungacabanga ukuthi umonakalo owodwa kuphela wenzalo yalezi zinambuzane.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zokhuni ube nomswakama wakho (mono-phage), okukhetha lezi zitshalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zikhona:

• isithelo sokusa;
• i-birch sap;
• ama-oak saplings;
• i-almond;
• hornbeam, njll.

Ezinye izinhlobo zembonisa okuthandayo isifunda sokusabalalisa:

• Ussuri;
• I-Moravitsa sapwood (iDauria, eNyakatho-China).

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zinikezwa izici zokuziphatha ezimbi:

• i-pygmy caprice;
• i-wrinkled;
• Sapman

Izithelo Uhlobo Incazelo

1. I-Sapod - i-beetle emnyama e-oligophage emnyama:
   • kufika ku-4mm;
   • nge-elytra ekhanyayo kanye ne-pronotum equilateral;
   • isisu sezingxenye ezingu-8, eqondile, ukuhamba;
   • ikhanda elincane, njengokungathi, likhishwe esifubeni;
   • izintuthwane ezinezinkukhu ezinamaqanda emaphethelweni (amaqembu), zigcwele izinwele;
   • ama-paws ayisithupha anamazinyo e-apical emlenzeni ophansi;
   • ngezinwele eziningi nezikali ezihlanganisa umzimba wonke.
2. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekene nesifo sezocansi.
3. Amaqabunga amhlophe, ama-shaped formations kuze kube yi-1 mm ngayinye. Ngokubeka amaqanda ama-50-100.
4. I-larva imhlophe, ilula, nge-tinge ephuzi, kufika ku-5 mm; nge-callus pads ezinikeza ngokunyakaza; umuntu obalulekile - omnyama omnyama;
5. I-pupa ibomhlophe ngombala we-metamorphosis ye-beetle, ehambelana nobukhulu bayo; obukhulu, ukwakheka okwesikhashana, ngamaphiko avelele kakhulu efihla imilenze.

Iqiniso: Enye i-beetle, i-sapwood ebomvu, ezama ukuphuza izihlahla zezithelo, ikakhulukazi izihlahla zamatshe. Iyingcosana ngobukhulu (kufika ku-3 mm) nomnyama wamalahle ngaphandle kwe-gloss. Izindiza zakhe ekufuneni ikhaya elisha ziqala inyanga kamuva - kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti.

Isithombe

Ungabona ukuthi ama-sapwood abukeka kanjani esithombeni ngezansi:

Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-birch sap

1. Ukubonakala kwe-beetle emthini ozoba ikhaya labo kuwela ekuqaleni kukaJuni - phakathi kukaJulayi.

   I-Birch sapwood ikhetha i-trunk namagatsha aqina kakhulu esihlahla esibe buthaka ngemuva kokubusika noma ngenxa yokuphulwa kwesizinda sezolimo esihlahleni, esizibamba futhi sakha amavesi amancane, sondla intsha encane. Lapho, ngaphansi kwamagxolo, eqoqa ngamaqembu, uzohlala echitha ubusika.

2. Insikazi inomsebenzi owodwa: udinga ukugoba ngokusebenzisa i-masterbatch ngokukhulisa ukulinganisa kanye nemigodi ehlangothini yama-clutches.

   Ukwenza lo msebenzi okhandlayo kudinga ukuzikhandla, ngakho-ke owesifazane useyilungiselelo lokulungiselela indawo yokuzalwa udla ngokweqile umcengezi we-sapwood oqhuba amanzi.

3. Umanyolo uvela engxenyeni ende ye-stroke, emva kwalokho owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ku-lateral fossa futhi uwafake nge-coork kusukela ekufakeni ufulawa.

   Njengoba igcwalise injongo yayo futhi yavala umnyango omkhulu nomzimba wayo, ifa.

4. Emfudumeni wesikhala esivinjelwe, amaqanda aphenduka izibungu, ezenza amavesi amasha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, edla ama-sapwood. Ebusika ngaphansi kwegxolo, bayeka ukudla kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
5. Maphakathi noMeyi, ngemuva kokuqedela umjikelezo walo, i-larva ekupheleni kwenkambo isungula isidleke "se-pupal", lapho inqubo yokufunda isendaweni yenzeka khona.
6. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, i-beetle entsha ivela e-pupa, ilungele ukufuna ikhaya layo. Ukuze uhambe, i-birch sapling ingangena kuphela ekufundeni.

Kubalulekile: Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokubhujiswa komuthi ngesithelo sokuphuza yisisindo esincane sokupula ufulawa okuphuma ekuqotheni kwezinsikazi. Emthini wezitshalo - i-gum iyaphuma kakhulu. Isihlahla sinciphisa, sinciphisa isivuno, futhi uma sithela izithelo, sinciphisa ngekhwalithi yesithelo.

Izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela

Ukusebenzisa izindlela zethonya kwi-beetle kanye nenzalo yayo ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwahlukanisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuphikisa:

1. Ukuhlukanisa - ukuvimbela ukusakazwa kwe-sapwood.
2. Ukuthuthukisa isizinda sezolimo ukuthuthukisa impilo yesitshalo nokuqeda izimo ezanelisa inqubo yokuzala:
   • ukukhethwa kwe-varietal;
   • ukusika izihlahla;
   • ukuchelela okwanele;
   • ukutshala ukudla okunomsoco.
   Usizo: Isitshalo esinempilo ngokwayo sikwazi ukubhekana nama-sapwood. Ukwenza lokhu, unamandla okuthululela amakhemikhali namagundane ngamapulangwe, okwenza lokhu kufe.
3. Biological. Ulale ukuheha abantu - izinambuzane (ezivela emndenini we-Hymenoptera) nezinyoni, ezitha zezemvelo ze-sapwood, noma acarifagov - isikhunta nama-bacteria, eyingozi kulezi zinhlobo. Izitshalo nezinkuni, i-greenfly izimpukane kanye ne-anteraceae (i-pestryak) zingabasizi abakhulu ekulwa nezithelo ze-sapwood.
4. Amakhemikhali - aphimise onke amasonto amabili ngezinambuzane ("Aktar", "Vector", "Mospilan", "i-Confidor") noma i-phosphor-organic. Ukuze silwe ne-beetle, umjovo we-synthetic pyrethroids nawo usetshenziswa ("Decis", "Sherpa", "Fastak").

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpungushe nezimpungushe zebhungane lezinkuni azibekezeli izinga lokushisa ehlobo eliphezulu nokukhanya kwelanga.

Isibalo sabantu sithinteka kakhulu ngokukhuphuka komswakama noma izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sezindiza. Isomiso nakho kuyingozi kubo.

Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, ungakha uhlelo lwezinyathelo zokuvikela insimu ekushayweni yilokhu kuphahlazeka.