Isiqondiso somgadi wensimu: yiziphi izinhlobo zama-apula ezigcinwe kuze kube yilapho intwasahlobo ingatshalwa?

Iqiniso lokuthi ama-apula akhiqizwayo angadliwa ubusika isikhathi eside, ngokuqinisekile abaningi benu bayazi.

Imfihlo itholakala ukuthi udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, ukudala izimo ezihle zokugcina, kanye nokususa ngokucophelela izithelo zomuthi ngaphandle kokulimaza.

Sizokwethula imfihlo yokuthi singagcina kanjani ama-apula asebusika ekhaya emiphongolweni, uzofunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezifanele ukugcina isitoreji sasebusika.

Izici

Njengoba wazi, ama-apula ahluke kuphela ekuziphatheni kwawo, kodwa futhi ngokuhambisana nokuvuthwa nokugcina. Izinhlobo zasebusika zama-apula ezigcinwa kuze kube sehlobo entwasahlobo ngegama lawo zibonisa ukuthi izithelo zokuvuthwa ziphelile.

Okufanayo Izithelo ziyasetshenziswa ezinyangeni ezingu-4-5 emva kokuvuna. Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zama-apula, ezingadliwa ngokushesha, ngokushesha nje lapho izithelo ziqhekekile esihlahleni, ubusika abufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha.

Ukuze bazuze ukunambitheka kwesimilo, umbala kanye nephunga, isithelo kufanele silale phansi okwesikhashana. Ukuvuna kwezihlahla zasebusika kuvame ukuvunwa kusukela maphakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla.

Kuyafaneleka isitoreji eside

Ngesizathu esithile, kubhekwa ukuthi ama-apula angenisiwe afaneleke kakhulu amabhukumaka ebusika. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-apula asebusika ongahlala ebusika futhi alondoloze ukunambitheka okungashintshi, okuvela kubalimi bethu.

Izinhlobo kuphela ezikwephuzile, ezivunwa ekwindla eduze nobusika, zifanelekile ukugcina. Izithelo zezinhlobo eziphuthumayo ziqhubeka isikhathi eside kunokuba zivela e-autumn nasezihlohleni zase-apula zasehlobo.

Izithelo ezizohlala kuze kube ngoMashi noma ngoMeyi

Sichaza izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezithandwayo zasebusika zama-apula ongahlala kuze kufike entwasahlobo:

1. Welsey noLobo - igcinwe kuze kuFebhuwari.
2. I-Spartan - igcina ukunambitheka kwabo kuze ku-Ephreli.
3. I-knight yi-apula ebulalayo kunazo zonke, izimfanelo zabo zokunambitheka zigcinwa kuze kube ngoMeyi.
4. I-Snow Calvin - izithelo zilungele ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
5. I-champagne ye-Rennet - iqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-6-8. Ihlukana nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
6. Ibhanana yasebusika - inokumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa nokuthutha okubi. Kugcinwe kuze kube ngoMeyi-Juni.
7. I-apple ye-Prikubansky - igcinwe kuze kube ngoMeyi, ngaphezu kwalokho, imelana nezifo futhi inikeza isivuno esikhulu.
8. I-Winter Lungwort nowesifazane waseRussia banomdla omuhle kakhulu futhi kunomsoco wokushisa, kodwa lezi zihlahla ze-apula zinemiphumela encane.
9. Izinhlobo zeqembu eliphakathi - i-Antonovka, i-Synapse yaseNyakatho, i-Orlovskoe ebusika, i-Zhigulevskoe, i-Lighthouse, i-Melba, i-Cortland.
10. Izinhlobo zase-Southern - I-Aurora, i-Jonathan, i-Olimpiki, uRennet Simirenko, i-Golden, njll.

Ukulungiselela

Ukulungiselela ama-aphula ngenhla akuyona umsebenzi olula.

Ungagcina isithelo esisha futhi sijabulisayo ngezinyanga ezingu-3 kuya kwezi-6. Iminye imithetho kufanele ilandelwe:

1. Khetha ibanga elifanele.
2. Khipha kahle izithelo emthini.
3. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ama-apula.

Imiyalo eningiliziwe

Izimo

Izithelo ezilungiselelwe, ukudala imvelo efanele kudlala indima ebalulekile:

• Indawo. Kungcono ukusungula kusengaphambili igumbi elingaphansi noma elinye igumbi lapho kuyogcinwa khona indawo: ukugcoba izindonga ngenhlanganisela esanda kulungiselelwa ye-lime neyethusi yensimbi (1.5 kg we-lime + 150 g we-sulphate yethusi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi); Hlela phansi egumbini elingaphansi kwesisombululo se-sulphate eneferi (450-500 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
• Isitsha sesitoreji. Amapharamitha afana nobukhulu, ukuma, ukuklama kanye nezinto ezibhalwa ngazo amabhokisi azibandakanyi indima ekhethekile. Ukuhlanzeka namandla - imfuneko esemqoka yepakheji.

  Iziqukathi kufanele zihlanjululwe kahle futhi zifakwe i-disinfected uma izithelo noma imifino isivele igcinwe kuyo.

• Ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, umbuso wokushisa wama-apula uhluka kusuka ku- -1 ° C kuya ku-1 ° C. Kodwa uhla lwe-+ 2 ° C ... + 4 ° C luyoba nomusa ngezithelo.
• Umswakama. Izinga eliphezulu lokugcina ama-apula ngu-85-95%. Umswakama ophansi usongela ukuphela.

Hlunga

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kuyisigaba esibalulekile esithintekayo isikhathi sokuvuna kuzogcinwa. Akuwona wonke ama-apple angagcina ukudla nezindawo zokudla okunomsoco isikhathi eside..

Indlela yokudubula?

Ukuze ama-apula ahlale efomeni lawo lemvelo, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho kusukela ekubutheni izithelo. Kusukela lokhu kuzoxhomeka emphefumulweni wokuphila.

1. lapho izithelo ezivuthiwe ziqala ukuqhuma ngezicucu ezingu-5-6 ngosuku, ungaqala ukuqoqa;
2. Ungavuna kuphela esimweni esomile;
3. ungaqedi isiqu;
4. musa ukusula ama-apula (lokhu kuzokwephula ukumboza kwe-wax - ukuvikelwa kwemvelo);
5. Awukwazi ukuphonsa ama-apula, ukuwafaka ngokucophelela esitsheni;
6. qala ukuqoqa kangcono emagatsheni aphansi, ehamba phezulu.

Ukuhlunga

Ngaphambi kwalendlela, izithelo kungcono ukufaka egumbini elipholile amasonto ambalwa. Phakathi nesikhathi esichithwa esibhedlela, amaphutha angase aveleuma kukhona. Okulandelayo udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

1. ukhethe izithelo ezinempilo kuphela ngaphandle kokubhubhisa, okungcono ngama-peduncles;
2. ibanga elihlukene lihlukaniswe ukugcina;
3. ubukhulu balinganiselwe: ngokukhululekile okukhulu, okuphakathi nokuncane;
4. Musa ukugeza noma ukubhoboza ama-apula!

Ngemuva kokukhetha ngokucophelela, ungaqhubeka nesigaba esilandelayo.

Ukufaka

Beka ama-apula emaqenjini angu-2 -3. Iziqu ezindala kufanele zifinyelwe, lokhu kuzosindisa izithelo ezizungezile kusuka ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Ama-apula ashintshwe lutho.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokugcina isitoreji, kuzoba lula ukuthola ukubola uma ingane ikhula. Indlela ikuvumela ukuba upake futhi inombolo enkulu kakhulu yama-apula.

Iphepha lokufaka

Indlela elula futhi engabizi, ehlanganisa izinyathelo ezilula:

1. Bopha i-apula ngayinye ethawulini lephepha, i-napkin, njll.
2. Faka emigqeni yebhokisi ye-stalk up.

Izithelo zizogcinwa kahle uma zingenakho umonakalo.

Ukuchichima

Inhlanganisela yesihlabathi eshisayo nesomisiwe kanye nomlotha othule phansi ebhokisini (ungqimba lwesigidi esingu-3 cm). Kubalulekile ukuthi isihlabathi sihlanzwe futhi somile, futhi umswakama wayo awudluli u-5%, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo zingase ziqale ukuwohloka.

Okulandelayo kukhona ama-apula abiwe ukuze bangathinti. Okuphezulu kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nokwakhiwa okufanayo. Ukulayishwa okuningi kuvunyelwe. Isihlabathi ngomlotha singashintshwa yizinye izinto ezomile neziningi.:

• I-Husk buckwheat.
• Amehlo e-Linen.
• Onion Husk.
• I-husk
• Peat
• Nge-moss
• Izinhlamvu zemithi (eyomile).
• Ama-shavings e-Hardwood.
• I-Sawdust.

Izikhwama zeplastiki

Ukuze umoya we-ventilation kuphakheji wenze ama-punctures angu-4-5. Faka kuwo u-2-4 kg we-apula obombele okulodwa kanye no-tie. Gcina emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku- -1 ° C ... + 1 ° C. Le ndlela isungulwe kahle.

Umhlaba

Uma kungekho isakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba, ungagcina ama-apula emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukumba umgodi noma umsele 40-50 cm kusengaphambili. Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda (cishe -5 ° C ... -7 ° C) upake ama-apula emasakeni epulasitiki ka-5-6 kg bese uwabeka emgodini.

Ukuvimbela amagundane ukungena, kunconywa ukumboza amagatsha e-spruce noma umjunipha phansi komsele futhi ngaphezulu kwamaphakheji. Vala konke ngomhlaba. Ebusika, kuzoba lula ukubuka "umcebo" wakho uma ushiya uphawu ngendlela yetende noma ifulegi.

Ama-apula ahlelwe kahle ngaphansi komhlaba kuze kufike entwasahlobo.. Ukuze uvikele ibhukhimakhi kusuka ekuqandeni, kungenzeka ukubeka amaqabunga awa phansi emgodini.

I-Carbon Dioxide Treatment

Kukhona enye indlela yokugcina isitshalo ngezikhwama isikhathi eside. I-CO2 ijova kancane kancane esikhwameni esine-siphon ye-carbonating water. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, umgodi uvalwe.

Ukukhanya kwe-UV

Abalimi abanomthombo bakha ama-apula ngesibani se-ultraviolet se-bactericidal (BUF-60) kude no-1.5 metres imizuzu engu-20-30. Ukuze i-irradiation yifomu, ama-apula afakwa ohlwini olulodwa futhi aphendulelwe kanye kuphela. Le ndlela ivimbela ukubonakala kokubola kwisithelo.

Uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle

Uma zonke izimo zokugcina ama-apula asebusika zihlangene, kodwa ama-apula ayiphanga. Izinhlobonhlobo kuhle futhi izithelo ziqoqwe ngesikhathi, kepha isikhathi esiphezulu asikho amanga.

Uma i-cellar noma i-basement inhle ngesistimu yomoya wokuphumula, yisiphi isizathu sokuthi ama-apula abola? Ama-apula angadalwa ngenxa yokutheleleka ngezifo zenyama kanye nezifo.

Ukulimala kwama-apula asebusika ngesikhatsi isitoreji kungavinjelwa ngokubheka i-agrotechnology, isikhathi sokuphuza nokufaka umquba, imigomo yebanga kanye nokubekwa kwezihlahla zezithelo esizeni. I-apula eqoqwe kakade iyalulekwa ukuthi ilaphe ngesisombululo se-4% se-calcium chloride. bese ufakwa kwisitoreji.

Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukuphepha kwezithelo ngo-30%. Ukusuka kumakhambi omuntu ukuvikela ama-apula kusukela emonakalweni ngesikhathi sokugcina isitoreji, ungakwazi ukweluleka i-thyme, okushiya ama-apula ebhokisini.

Isiphetho

Ukugcina ama-apula ahlanzekile ebusika akulula, kepha akulona kunzima kakhulu uma uphatha kahle ngemithetho engenhla. Izithelo eziqoqwe ngenkathi zizozuzisa impilo yakho kuphela. Futhi umzimba wakho ngeke uhlangane namakhemikhali ahlale ekhona ezithelo ezithengiswa ngenkathi ebandayo ezimakethe ezinkulu.