Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yama-orchid amahlathi ashisayo aneziqabunga ezinamahlathi aminyene. Ukufika ezindlini zethu, kunzima ubuhle obushisayo ukuvumelanisa nokushintsha imikhuba yakhe yemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-orchid abhekwa njengenye yezimbali zomkhaya ezingenasisekelo, ukunakekelwa okuqondile. Ziningi kunezinye izitshalo zasendlini ezitholakala ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
Kuyini lokhu?
Kunezinhlobo eziyisi-3 eziyinhloko zezifo ezivezwa yi-orchid. Lezi ziyi-fungal, ibhaktheriya ne-viral. I-fusarium ibhekisela ezifweni zefungal. Ukwelashwa kwakhe kuzosebenza kuphela ezinkathini zokuqala, ngaphambi kokuqala kokulimala kwempande.
I-Fusarium iyisifo sofuba ngeFusarium fungi (Fusarium). I-fungus ikhula ngezinhlamvu (conidia). Lesi sifo sifakwe eqenjini lezifo ezithathelwanayo nezingozi kakhulu. I-pathogen ingena kulesi sitshalo ngokusebenzisa ama-microcracks, indawo eduze kwesigamu, i-rhizome, noma nge-seed infect-infected and seedlings. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-fusarium rot: izimpande futhi ziba khona.
Isithombe
Bheka izithombe ezengeziwe ze-orchid ezithwetshwe yiFusarium:
Kubonakala kanjani?
Izimpawu zokuqala ziwubukeka bezimpawu ezimhlophe-pink noma amabhola amancane endaweni yomsuka nasezingeni. Izimpawu ezengeziwe zokutheleleka zibonakala ngokucacile kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.
- Umsuka. Ekuqaleni kokutheleleka kwezimpande, kuphenduka okubomvu, njengoba kuqhuma ukuqhuma kwe-fusarium, ama-dents avela kuwo (afana nemidwebo ye-ligation eqinile). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindawo ezibomvu zempande ziba mnyama futhi zife.
- Amahlamvu. Vula ophuzi, uphethwe. Lesi sifo sivela phezulu kwesitshalo futhi sisakaze kulo lonke imbali.
- Isiqu. Uthola umbala omnyama obomvu, ulahlekelwe ukuqina kwawo, uba mncane.
- Sika izindawo. Izindandatho ezimnyama ezimnyama zibonakala ngokucacile emasongweni ezitsha.
Kungani ungashaya isitshalo?
I-fusarium ivame ukuthinta ama-orchid abuthakathaka. Ukuzivikela komzimba kungancishiswa ngezizathu eziningana: kusuka ekunakekelweni okungalungile kuya enhlabathini engafanelekile. Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezinhle ekuthuthukeni kwesifo.
| I-Factor | Incazelo |
| Ukushisa kwenhlabathi okuphansi ebhodweni |
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| Ukuchelela okuningi | Ukuqhuma kwesisu, umoya ophansi kanye nokukhanyisa okuncane kuyindawo enhle kakhulu yokubonakala kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic. |
| Kuningi le-peat noma i-foam emhlabathini | Izinto zenza inhlabathi ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Enhlabathini enjalo, izinambuzane ezizuzisayo ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-fungus ukukhululeka. Isabelo se-peat ne-foam akumele sidlulele ku-20% yazo zonke izingxenye. |
| I-saline substrate | Amasila angangena kokubili kusuka kumanyolo futhi ngenxa yokunisela ngamanzi okupompo ajwayelekile. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokunakekelwa kwe-salinization, udinga ukutshala ama-orchid njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3, kanti kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-5-7 zigcwala isiko emanzini afudumele. |
Iyini ingozi?
I-fusorium fungi ibangela ukuvinjelwa kwezitsha ezinkulu ze-orchid (emmpandeni, emaqabeni nasezinhlakeni). Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuma kwamanzi nokuphefumula kwenzeka. Izingxenye eziluhlaza zimnyama, ama-dents avela kubo. Uma ukutheleleka kuye kwathinta kuphela ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo, izinyathelo zokulungisa zingathathwa. Uma ukubola kuye kwasakazeka empandeni, i-orchid izofa.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali abantu abavame ukubola
Ukwelapha i-orchid egciwane lesandulela ngculazi usebenzisa izindlela zokupheka eziphephile noma amakhemikhali anamandla namakhemikhali. Kodwa i-algorithm yokulungiselela imbali yokucubungula ifana nanoma iyiphi indlela.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-orchid egulayo, ukuhlukanisa izimbali eziseduze.
- Donsa isitshalo esithathelwanayo ebhodweni, hlambulula ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
- Zonke izingxenye ezibolile ziqedwe ngokucophelela. Beka tincetu ezifafazwe ngekhamera echotshoziwe.
- I-orchid eyomile. Futhi manje nje ungaqala ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa.
Siza zokupheka
| Igama | Isicelo |
| Ukumnika ukuphamba |
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| Ukumnika ama-marigolds (i-Chernobrivtsev) | Ngama-2 amalitha amanzi afudumele udinga 3 tbsp. izimbali ezomile. Bambelela izinsuku ezingu-2, sebenzisa ukupuniza. |
| Izinkuni zokhuni | Amaphini angu-2-3 athela ngamanzi ashisayo, ukuphoqa kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbili. Iketshezi eliphumela ekutheni lisize i-orchid. |
| Inhlanganisela ye-recipe |
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I-fusarium ikhula ngokushesha futhi iyingozi enkulu kuma-orchid.. Uma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 kungekho mphumela omuhle kusuka ekuphekeni kwabantu, kungcono ukungalibali futhi uqale ukucubungula amakhemikhali.
Yiziphi amakhemikhali okufanele asebenzise?
Kudingeka uthathe i-fungicides.
Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi amanxeba noma ama-orchid aphulukiswe. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu emahoreni angu-1-3 emva kokuhlanza isitshalo ezindaweni ezithathelwanayo.
Ungathatha:
I-Topsin.- I-Benomil.
- Fundazim
- Previkur.
I-Topsin.Fundazol ujabulela idumela elihle.:
- Ukuze ulungise isisombululo sokusebenza, hlanganisa i-1 g ye-Fundazole powder ku-1 litre lamanzi.
- Phinda ukwelashwa izikhathi ezintathu, isikhathi sokuvala yisikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-10.
- I-orchid idinga ukufakwa endaweni embizeni entsha. Ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze kuvikelwe inhlabathi kungasetshenziselwa isixazululo se-Readzole. Beka ibhodlela endaweni efudumele ngokukhanyisa okwanele.
- Shiya imbali ehlukanisiwe emasontweni amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi kuphela izimpande, umswakama akufanele uwele ngobuningi obuhlaza. Ukuze uketshezi, ungathatha isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-fungicidal (ukuthola amanzi, uphulukisa isitshalo ngaphakathi).
Izindlela ezivamile zokwelashwa - ukuhamba, ukudala izimo zokushisa - ngokutheleleka kofungo ngeke kusize, futhi ngisho nokulimaza. Umswakama ophezulu uzokudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe kwezinhlamvu ze-Fusarium.
Uma i-fungus ithinta izimpande ze-orchid, isitshalo kumele sisuswe kanye nomhlabathi. Ibhodlela lingabuye lisetshenziswe, kodwa emva kokuyifaka kwisixazululo se-5% sulfate yethusi. Isifungi se-Fusarium sinamandla kakhulu: ukwelashwa kwama-70% kubhujisiwe, kanti ama-30% asele ahlale evulekile futhi asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle. I-pathogen ihlala emhlabathini nasemaphethelweni e-orchid enegciwane isikhathi eside..
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela i-fusarium, kwanele ukulandela imithetho elula eyaziwayo.
- Ukumiswa komhlabathi umswakama kanye nomoya ngokufaka umoya ekamelweni bese ukhulula inhlabathi.
- Ukubheka isimo sokushisa esiphezulu (hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-15).
- Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, phatha insimu ye-substrate nganoma iyiphi i-disinfectant.
Ungasebenzisi kabi ukuphuza. Gwema umswakama omile.- Ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele, ukuhambisana nemigomo yokufaka umanyolo kanye nomanyolo.
- Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi i-nitrogen ithande emhlabathini, ngoba lesi sici sinciphisa isifo somzimba we-orchid futhi senza kube nzima ukubola.
- Hlola njalo i-orchid kanye nomhlaba womhlabathi ebhodweni lokutheleleka.
Ungasebenzisi kabi ukuphuza. Gwema umswakama omile.Ngakho-ke, i-fusarium yisifo esiyingozi se-fungal. I-pathogen ingena e-orchid ngokusebenzisa ama-microcracks engxenyeni eluhlaza, ngokusebenzisa izimpande noma inhlabathi engcolile. Ukwelashwa kudinga ukuphuthumayo. Ngokunqotshwa kwesimiso, isitshalo siyafa. Ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo - ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokudalwa kwezimo ezifanele zokuboshwa.
