Izimpande zalesi sitshalo - isitho esibaluleke kakhulu esinikezela ngomswakama kanye nezakhi. Indima yezimpande empilweni yanoma yisiphi isitshalo inkulu kakhulu. Yingakho ukunakekelwa okufanele kubo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-orchid akuyona into ehlukile - noma kunjalo, kulezi zimbali ezingavamile izimpande zihlelwe futhi zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunezinhlobo eziningi ezijwayele kithi. Uma unakekela i-orchid, lokhu kufanele kwaziwe futhi kuhlolwe.
Isakhiwo nendima empilweni yesitshalo
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezimpande zanoma yisiphi isitshalo ukukhipha amanzi nezakhi ezisuka ku-substrate.lapho ikhula khona. Yiqiniso, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukuncela amanzi ngomqondo wangempela wezwi, ngoba awunayo imisipha. Umswakama ungena ezimpandeni ngendlela ehlukile - uhamba kusukela enhlabathini kuya kumangqamuzana empande nge-osmosis.
I-Osmosis yinkambinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi engenziwa lula echazwe kanje: ama-molecule emanzini asuka endaweni yokuhlushwa okuphezulu (umhlabathi) endaweni yezindlwana eziphansi (izimpande ezisempandeni) ngokusebenzisa i-membrane yesimiso semifermeable.
Ukwamukela umswakama kusuka enhlabathini kwenzeka ku-rhizodermis - ungqimba oluphezulu lwesipande, ngokoqobo iseli elilodwa noma amabili elikhulu. Ezitshalweni eziningi, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, i-rhizodermis ihlanganiswe nezinwele ezincane ezimpande.
Khona-ke umswakama ungena esendleleni esilandelayo - i-exoderm. Lolu ungqimba luyingqayizivele: amangqamuzana amakhulu ahlangene angenawo ama-cytoplasm namaseli amancane aphilayo angadlulisa amanzi ahlukile kuwo. Ngaphandle kwe-exoderm, amanzi angena emmpandeni, sidlula emagqabeni - ungqimba lwempande lapho kutholakala khona ama-chloroplast - futhi sifinyelela phakathi kwempande, okuthiwa i-axial cylinder, equkethe ama-tissue ezemfundo neziqhubayo futhi unesibopho sokuthutha umswakama kanye nezondlo kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo.
Izimpande zama-orchid zihlelwa esimisweni esifanayo, noma kunjalo, kukhona umehluko omkhulu.
Izici
Izici zesistimu yezimpande kulezi zitshalo zibangelwa indlela yokuphila. Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi, ama-orchid awaqothuli enhlabathini. Zakhula ematje noma ezinye izitshalo, ezikhonza ngokuthi "uhlobo lokusekelwa" kubo, ezimweni ezingavamile ukuthi "zisakazeka" phezu komhlaba, kodwa azange zikhule zibe khona. Amanzi e-orchid anqunywa emoyeni omanzi - emazweni ashisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezweni lakubo lezi zimbali, izinkungu nezikhukhula zivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zivela emanzini - amaqabunga, amagxolo, ama-humus.
Ama-orchid akudingeki afakwe emhlabathini ngamanzi nokudla okunomsoco. Bakha ngokukhululekile edwaleni noma egatsheni, bebamba umswakama emoyeni, noma bafihliwe ngaphansi koqweqwe lwamagqabi abolile. Luhlobo luni lwezinsizi ezenza imbali? Izimpande zalezi zitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi "i-airy" ngoba zitholakala ngenhla, kepha akufanele ubheke izimpande ezijwayelekile ze-orchid - isitshalo asinalo nje.
Njengoba izimpande ze-orchid azihlangene nomhlabathi, azidingi i-rhizoderm - isendlalelo sokushukela - enezinwele ezimpande. Esikhundleni salokho, ubuso bomsuka bumbozwe ngendwangu ekhethekile - i-belamen. Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, lokhu kuyi-rhizoderm efanayo, amangqamuzana ayo kuphela awaphili, kodwa ahlosisiwe; Indwangu yama-velamen iyisiqhwaga futhi ifana nesiponji.
Qaphela! Ingqimba ye-velamen ingaba mncane, iseli elilodwa kuphela, kanye ne-rhizoderm evamile (okunjalo ungqimba oluthile olutholakala ema-orchid alukhulayo emhlabathini), futhi lungakwazi ukufinyelela amangqamuzana angu-19 (izinhlobo eziningi ze-orchid ezihlala ezihlahleni).
Njengoba amangqamuzana afile awafanelanga i-osmosis, Inqubo yokuthola i-orchid liquid ibukeka ihlukile - futhi ihlukile kakhulu:
- ngenkathi imvula noma inkungu, amanzi angena emgodini futhi izingqamuzana ezomile zamaseli e-velamen zivuvuka;
- ezizindongeni zangaphakathi zezintambo ze-Velamen lamellae zakhiwa - izingxenye zamanzi;
- i-lamellae kancane kancane ihlangene ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuvuthwa komzimba kanye nokuphazamiseka kwendawo;
- "amaconsi" amakhulu akhishwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ngakho-ke, amanzi ageleza kusukela ku-ungqimba we-velamen ibe yi-exoderm, futhi esuka lapho ephuma emagqumeni kuya kwi-axial cylinder. Ngaphandle kokumbamba nokugcina umswakama, le indwangu engavamile nayo inomsebenzi wokuzivikela - ubude obukhulu bama-velamen kuvikela izimpande zomoya zama-orchid ezihlala ematheni nasezihlahleni ezivela emonakalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungekudala, kwatholakala ukuthi amakhowe kanye ne-microalgae bahlala emapulazini aseVelamen, basiza isitshalo ukucubungula ama-salut potassium nama-phosphorus abalulekile kuwo.
Iyini isimiso sempande sembali enempilo esibonakalayo?
Ngakho njll ekhaya akunakwenzeka "ukutshala" i-orchid esihlahleni noma ngetshe; abalimi bezimbali bawabeka endaweni ekhethekile ye-substrate evulekileukulingisa udoti. Kungase kuhlanganise nama-moss, izingcezu zamagxolo, i-sawdust, njll. Kulesi simo, ingxenye yezimpande ze-orchid ibhapathizwa engxenyeni ye-substrate, kanti ingxenye ihlala phezulu.
Izimpande ezisemoyeni ezingaphansi kwe-substrate zinemibala emhlophe-yesiliva, enamathele kuwo ungqimba lwama-velamen. Lapho emanzi, ama-velamen aguquguquka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ama-chloroplast e-exoderm ayabonakala - impande ithatha umbala obala obala. Ama-chloroplasts ezimpandeni zama-orchid ayenjalo "abasebenzi" - angakwazi ukufaka izithombe ze-photosynthesis, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo izimpande ziyizitho ze-photosynthetic ezigcwele ngokugcwele namaqabunga.
Izimpande, zifakwe emgodini we-substrate, zibukeka zihlukile - ngoba azikho ukukhanya kubo, futhi i-chlorophyll ayitholakali kuzo, zibomnyama futhi zivame ukuba nomsindo ophuzi noma obomvu. Ekuqaliseni abalimi bezimbali, ukuthungatha izimpande ze-orchid ngokuvamile "kubangele" kuyisizathu sokukhathazeka. Nokho, kuleso simo akudingekile neze.
Isithombe
Khona-ke ungabona esithombeni, kufanele kube yimpande yesitshalo esinempilo:
Ungayinakekela kanjani ekhaya?
Naphezu kokuvikeleka kwe-velamen, izimpande ze-orchid zizwela kakhulu futhi zidinga izimo zokunakekela okukhethekile. Nokho ukwazi ngezici zesimiso sezitshalo, kuzokuba lula ukudala izimo ezidingekayo:
- Okokuqala, izimpande zama-orchid zidinga ukujikelezwa kwe-air njalo - ngisho nalawo ase-substrate. Yingakho kungenjalo ukuthi ama-orchid angatshalwa enhlabathini evamile - uhlelo lwempande alukwazi "ukuphefumula" kuwo.
Kubo, kuphela i-substrate evulekile evulekile, okungafanele futhi ibe yinde kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuba wenze izimbobo zokungena emagodini ebhodweni.
- Izimpande ze-orchid azikwazi ukungena amanzi kusuka ku-substrate - ungqimba lwama-velamen alufanelekile izinqubo ze-osmotic futhi lungathola kuphela amanzi afakwe kuwo ngqo.
Ngakho-ke, izimpande ezingaphansi komhlaba kufanele zihlungwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kunezindlela eziningi zokunisela ama-orchid, kodwa okuvame ukufaka ibhodlela ngesitshalo emanzini afudumele cishe isigamu sehora.
- Unganamanzi noma "ugeze" i-orchid kaningi - uhlelo lwempande yalesi sitshalo luyakwazi kalula ukubola. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, kubalulekile ukuvumela i-substrate ukuthi iphele - kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka kwe-substrate, le nqubo ingathatha kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya emavikini amabili.
Izifo kanye nokwelapha
Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukuthi abanikazi be-orchid babhekene nazo zibolile futhi zomile izimpande.
- Isizathu sokubola ngokuvamile siba ukuphuza okungalungile - kaningi kakhulu noma kuningi kakhulu. Ukuthola izimpande ezifile - isignali ukuthi kuyadingeka ukubukeza imodi yokunisela. Izimpande ngokwazo, ngeshwa, azikwazi ukuvuselelwa - kuzodingeka zisuswe. Futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kuzothatha izimpande ezinempilo.
Ukumisa kuvela ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, noma ngenxa yokushisa kwamakhemikhali ngokuhlushwa ngokweqile noma ukukhetha okungalungile kwamafomu.Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpande zidinga ukugezwa ngamanzi athambile ekamelweni lokushisa nokuthi ungadla kanjani. Esikhathini sesibili, lesi sitshalo kumele sisetshenziswe sibe inhlabathi encane. Uma impande iphendukile futhi iphenduka i-brittle, idinga ukunqunyulwa - ngeke isakwazi "ukuvuselela".
Ukumisa kuvela ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, noma ngenxa yokushisa kwamakhemikhali ngokuhlushwa ngokweqile noma ukukhetha okungalungile kwamafomu.I-orchid iyimbali enhle kakhulu emangalisayo, eyathandwa kakhulu ngabalimi abaningi bembali. Imithetho yokumnakekela ayiyona eyinkimbinkimbi njengoba ingase ibonakale, ikakhulukazi uma unombono mayelana nesakhiwo sesitshalo nomjikelezo wayo wokuphila. Ukugcinwa ngokucophelela kwezincomo ezilula kuzovuzwa ngezimbali ezinhle kakhulu.
