I-Petunia iyisitshalo esibhakabhakayo esimnandi, esihle futhi eside eside. Lezi zimbali aziphelelanga nje kuphela ukuhlobisa izimbali zemifino ezindaweni zokulima, kodwa futhi namabhaloni asezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngokunakekelwa okuncane nokugqoka okwesikhashana i-petunia uyakwazi ukujabula ngezimbali zayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Kodwa, naphezu kokungathobeki kwayo, le nmbali isesinye isikhathi isithinteka yizifo. Esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-petunias yi-powdery isikhutha.
Kuyini?
I-Mildew iyisifo se-fungal esithinta izitshalo.. Lesi sifo sibangelwa isikhunta se-powdery-mildew, esiyi-parasitic emaqabunga futhi sikwazi ukubulala isitshalo. Akukhethi ngokukhethayo futhi kungathinta inani elikhulu lezitshalo, kusukela emhlobiso wezithelo zemifino nezithelo.
Isithombe
Khona-ke ungabona isithombe se-powdery isikhutha ku-petunia:
Izimbangela
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo siqala ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihambisanayo nokunakekelwa okungafanele kwezitshalo. I-fungus ngokwayo ihlala emhlabathini. Akuzibonakali ngokwezimo ezifudumele nezomile, uma imithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ilandelwa ngokucophelela. Kodwa uma izimo zingenakulungiswa, wonke amakholomu e-fungal athuthuka, okusheshayo ukuthelela isitshalo.
I-fungus - ama-parasites adla ngokusalela kwesitshalo, asishiye engenamsoco. Izimbangela zesifo ngokuvamile ziba:
- Isimo sezulu esishisayo nomswakama ophezulu. Uma kukhona nokuntuleka kwelanga, izimo zokukhula kwezitshalo ezinempilo ziba yinto engathandeki kakhulu.
- Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu enhlabathini.
- Ukutshala njalo kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke, ukushayela umoya okwanele phakathi kwabo.
- Imodi yokunisela ayitholakali. Unganamanzi izitshalo kaningi. Awukwamukeleki ukukhukhula lesi sitshalo ngemuva kwesomiso eside. Lezi zenzo zibhubhisa umkhuhlane wezitshalo, futhi, njengoba wazi, izifo ngokuvamile zithinta ukutshala okubuthakathaka.
Lapho itholakala esakhiweni sezitshalo ezithintekayo isikhutha se-powdery, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi enye indlela yokusakaza lesi sifo ukuphatha izinhlamvu emoyeni.
Uma unakekela izitshalo, kwanele ukuthinta isitshalo esibulalayo bese uthinta ophilile - ukutheleleka nge-powdery isikhutha kwenzeka.
Indlela yokunquma lesi sifo?
Isikhukhula samafutha emagqabini e-petunia sibonakala siqhakaza. Esikhathini sokuqala sesi sifo, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi omunye umuntu uphuphule amaqabunga amaqabunga ngofulawa noma ushukela oluyimpuphu. Kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho, lesi sifo sithinta ngokushesha izimbali nezimila.
Umkhuhlane we-powdery uhamba ngokushesha kakhulu, amaqabunga anegciwane aphuzi bese ewa. Ngisho noma lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokutshala amaqabunga amasha, sinokubukeka okubukeke nokubuhlungu kakhulu. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kuphela, lesi sifo singathinta lonke ukufika kwe-petunias. Uma ukwelashwa sekuphuzile, lesi sitshalo sifa.
Indlela yokulwa?
Ungasusa kanjani lesi sifo? Uma nje ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kutholakala emaqabunga e-petunia, kubalulekile ukuba uqale ngokushesha ukwelashwa kwesitshalo:
- Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqeda izindawo ezithintekile bese usishisa ukuze isifo singasakazeki.
- Ngaphansi kwesitshalo kuyadingeka ukuba unqume ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi bese uluthatha ngolunye olusha, olufakwe ummeli we-antifungal.
- Isitshalo ngokwawo sipholwa nge-fungicide.
Amakhambi omphakathi nawo asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulwa ne-powdery isikhutha. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izixazululo, izingxenye ezigulayo zesitshalo nazo zisuswa lapha kuqala.
Naphezu kokuba ukupompela kungamukeleki ngesikhathi sokutheleleka nge-powdery isikhutha, ngaphambi kokulungiselela amakhemikhali e-fungicidal, abalimi balwa ngempumelelo ngalesisifo ngosizo lokupuniza:
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Copper sulfate. Ngama-5 amalitha amanzi, thatha ama-5 g we-sulphate yethusi, engeza 50 g isepha bese uxuba kahle. Isixazululo esiholela ekusebenzeni isitshalo kanye ngesonto inyanga.
- I-potassium permanganate. Emalitha angu-10 amanzi, qhafaza cishe ama-3 g we-manganese, qeda isitshalo izikhathi ezingu-3-4 njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-5 nalesi sixazululo.
- I-Soda Ash. Lungiselela isisombululo soda: ama-5 amalitha amanzi ashisayo, thatha izipuni ezimbili ze-soda ne-1 isipuni se-soap yokuhlanza izingubo. I-Petunia ihlaziye isixazululo esifudumele 3 izikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-7.
- I-milk whey. Hlanza i-litre le-serum ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi bese uphefa izitshalo ngalesi sulu.
- I-mustard powder. Hlanganisa izipuni ezimbili zesipuni lwesinaphi ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi abilayo. Isixazululo esiphuthumayo singanisela futhi siphulwe nge-petunias.
Basebenza kakhulu empini yokulwa ne-powdery isikhutha futhi bayakwazi ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesi sifo ezingeni leselula. Phatha i-petunias yakho kusihlwa nangenomoya, isimo sezulu esomile.
Okufanele ukwenze: izidakamizwa
- Eyaziwa kakhulu ekulweni ne-powdery isikhutha izidakamizwa ze-fungicidal "I-Topaz", inani elilinganiselwe lalingama-ruble angu-75.
- Isidakamizwa esiqinisekisiwe "Isheshayo", intengo yayo cishe ngama-ruble angu-25.
- Kuthandwa nabalimi ukuphathwa kwe-powdery isikhutha "Fundazole". Itholakala ngefomu le-powder, intengo cishe ngama-ruble angu-40.
- "I-Vitaros"- Enye i-fungicide ethandwayo yokulwa ne-powdery isikhutha. Inani elilinganiselwa kuma-ruble angu-50 kuya kwangu-60.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa ne-powdery isikhutha ukuvimbela lesi sifo. Yiqiniso, ukugwema izinkinga, ungatshala izinhlobo ze-petunias eziphikisana nezifo ze-fungal. Kodwa uma ungahambisani nemithetho eyisiqalo ekunakekeleni izitshalo, izitshalo ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo zofuzo ngeke zikulwe nezifo. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, zama ukunikeza izitshalo ngokunakekelwa okufanele:
- Amanzi i-petunias kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba uyomile ngokwanele, kodwa awumile. Sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, ahleliwe ukuze anisele izitshalo.
- Ukutshala kufanele kukhonjiswe ngezikhathi ezithile, kususwe, kuqala, amahlumela ashubile.
- Uma ukondla i-petunias, gcina izilinganiso futhi ungathathi umanyolo we-nitrogen-based.
- Yenza okuthandwa yizingxube ze-potassium-phosphorus, zibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzivikela kwe-petunias.
- Nsuku zonke, hlola ukufika kwe-petunias.
- Ukuqhuba ukuphamba ngezikhathi ezithile zezitshalo nge-biofungicide. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i- "Fitosporin" noma "Pseudobacterin".
Ngokubheka lemithetho elula, unganika izitshalo impilo ende, futhi uzenzele injabulo yemiphumela emihle yomsebenzi wakho.
Kungcono ukuvimbela lesi sifo kunokulwa nalo. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuvimbela izifo zezitshalo, futhi akudingeki usebenzise amalungiselelo e-fungicidal ngeziza zakho. Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuzosiza, uma kungenjalo kugweme ngokuphelele isifo, kunciphisa amathuba abo ngo-90% ngokuqondile.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi izifo eziningi zikhula ezitshalweni ngenxa yokunakekelwa okunganele. Ukulalela izitshalo zakho, uthathe isikhathi esincane sokuhlola izitshalo nsuku zonke, futhi zizokubonga ngesiqhakabhaka esiphuthumayo, sibe umhlobiso weqiniso we-flowerbeds namabhaloni.
