Emakhulwini amabili edlule, imbali petunia kudonsela ukunakekelwa kwabafaki bezimbali nabalimi. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Okokuqala, bayamthanda ngobuhle obuhle bezimbali: imibala ekhanyayo, emikhulu, ehlukahlukene. Okwesibili, inesikhathi eside kakhulu sokubhakabhaka. Okwesithathu, i-petunia ingenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa izitshalo nezinye izitshalo. Futhi okwesine, kungenakuzithoba ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni.
Uyazi? I-Petunia ibizwa ngegama elithi "petun" - leli yigama legwayi eBrazil, lapho le mbali ivela khona. Kwakungaphansi kweli gama ukuthi isazi seziphilayo saseFrance uJean Baptiste Lamarck kuqala sichaza i-petunia.
Petunia (Petunia) Kungokwakhe uhlobo lwezilwane zasendle ezihlala emndenini we-nightshade. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40, phakathi kwazo kunezinsuku. Imbali isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingadi, imibhede yedolobha, izicingo, namakamelo, amabhaluni, izindlu.
Kulesi sihloko sizogxila emininingwaneni ye-cascade ekhulayo noma i-ampelous petunias.
Izici ze-cascade ne-super cascade petunias
I-Cascade petunia yahlushwa ema-60s ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngenxa yesikhumba se-hybridization. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-petunia ezinamandla noma "zokulenga" zihluka ngobude nokuguquguquka kwezitshalo ezikhula phansi, njengokungathi i-cascading. Ikhula ngokushesha, ikhula kahle. Ngokuvamile ukulenga i-petunias kungatholakala ekugxotsheni izimbiza kuma-balconies, amafenisha, ama-terraces, i-gazebos, i-lampposts.
Ekugcineni amahlumela e-cascade petunias afinyelela ku-1-2.5 wamamitha. Ubukhulu, umbala wezimbali, ubude bezimbali kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesitshalo. Isici esiyinhloko sazo zonke izidakamizwa ze-petunias ukumelana nezimo ezibandayo nezimo ezimbi zezulu.
Ngandlela-thile, ngezinye izikhathi i-petunia ene-ampelous ne-cascade petunia ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezihlukene, nakuba kungekho ukungafani okuyisisekelo esimweni sabo noma ekunakekeleni kwabo.
Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-cascade ne-super cascade petunias
Sitshilo kakade ukuthi abalimi abakhathaleli amapelunias. Ubufakazi obuningi balezi yizinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zemifino yale mbali.
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlamvu ze-cascade petunias zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:
- enezimo eziguquguqukayo neziqinile ezikhula phansi;
- ngeziqu ezikhula phezulu futhi ziwe phansi njengoba zifinyelela ubude obuthile;
- imivimbo emifushane nge ukuqhuma okufushane (super cascade petunia).
Ekhuluma ngezinhlobo ezidumile, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-petunia enjalo ihlehla kakhulu. Supercascade - Lona umlimi we-petunia omkhulu, owenza izimbali eziningi eziqhubekayo zezimbali eziningi (12 cm ububanzi). Ibonakala ngokusabalalisa kokuqala nangesikhathi eside. Amafomu akulona isikhathi eside, kodwa amahlumela asebenza kahle. Lolu chungechunge luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala emabhokisini emabhoksi, amaphuzu embali, izibhebhe ezilenga.
Luthando lunikeza i-petunias
Njengoba i-petunia ekuqaleni yayiyisizwe samazwe ashisayo nomswakama, uthanda ukufudumala, inqwaba yomswakama kanye nosuku olude lokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi yokukhethwa, ama-hybrids aphethwe ukuthi akhuthaze ukungabi khona kwalezi zici. I-Petunia ihlasele kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zayo ziyingxenye yesigaba se-resistant sezulu. Nokho, njengezo zonke izitshalo, uma sezikhulile, kudinga ukunamathela eminye imithetho ye-agrotechnical.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika: kufanele kube ukukhanya, umswakama nokushisa
Njengoba zonke izilwane ze-petuni zifudumele futhi zithandana, uma uzitshala ensimini, kungcono ukuzinakekela ukuze zikhule endaweni evulekile, enelanga. Emthunzini amahlumela asulekile kakhulu, amaqabunga abe mkhulu, futhi izimbali zincane. Uma uhlwanyela emafasiteleni noma emabhaleni, kungcono ukukwenza kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu.
I-Petunia imelana nesomiso nokuswakama ngokweqile, kodwa ayibekezelelani amanzi aphelile. Lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kufinyelele ku -10 ° C. Izwela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ngokuvamile, i-petunia ibekezelela kalula izimo zezulu ezimbi, noma kunjalo, amahlumela nezimbali zingonakaliswa yimvula nomoya. Ngakho-ke, uma izimbali zikhula ezimbizeni, kuleso simo sezulu zihanjiswa kahle endaweni ephephile noma zicabange kusengaphambili.
Izimbiza zokukhuphula izidakamizwa
Uma ukhetha ummbila walesi sitshalo, kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi akukhuthazwa ukutshala imbali engaphezu kweyodwa ngamanzi angama-5 amalitha. Uma kungenjalo, ukulwa indawo elangeni, bayophazamisana bese belahlekelwa umphumela wabo wokuhlobisa. Ezimbizeni ezinkulu ngobukhulu bama-10-14 amalitha izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu zingahambisana. Endabeni yokutshala i-petunias ezimbizeni, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kweziqu zezitshalo kufanele libe okungenani lishumi nambili kuya ku-20 cm.
Uyazi? EYurophu, akuyona inkambiso yokutshala izimbiza ze-monoculture - zivame ukusetshenziswa 2-3 izinhlobo zezitshalo. Sinikeza iseluleko lapho i-petunias futhi izimbali ezitshala kuzo ezimbizeni zingcono ndawonye. Izingoma ziyoba zihle kakhulu: i-cascade petunia - bidens - ipomoea; Petunia - Calibrahoa - Bacopa; I-Colius - i-petunia i-petunia - i-Allisum, i-verbena-i-super-cascade i-petunia-i-Calibrahoa, njll.
Ezimbizeni ezinezicucu ezingama-28 cm, ama-3-5 petunias kabili kanye no-5-7 ezijwayelekile zokugaya zingatshalwa.
Indlela yokutshala i-cascade ne-super cascade petunias
Ukuze ufeze amaphuphu amahle avela ku-petunia futhi elula, kufanelekile ukulandela izincomo eziningana zokunakekela nokulimala. Zihlobene nezidingo zomhlabathi, ukutshala nokuphuza ubuchwepheshe, ukufaka umanyolo kanye nokwehla.
Izidingo zomhlaba
I-cascade petunias ihlala kahle enhlabathini evundile, nokho ikhetha loamy ne-sandy loam ngaphezu kwakho konke. Umhlabathi kufanele ube okuxekethile, omanzi, okhanyayo nokungathathi hlangothi ku-asidi.
Ukutshala ezimbizeni, ungasebenzisa ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi elandelayo:
- umhlabathi we-turf (2);
- Umhlabathi ohlaza (2);
- peat (1);
- isihlabathi somfula (1).
- umhlabathi we-turf (1);
- peat (1);
- i-humus (1);
- isanti (1).
Kubalulekile! Ingaphansi ebhodweni kumele ihlanganiswe nobumba obunwetshiwe ukuze ugcine umswakama emhlabathini, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi phansi kufanele kube nemigodi yokususa amanzi angaphezu kwamanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufika kwe-cascade ne-super cascade petunias (uhlelo lokulima imbewu).
Kakhulu kuncike kwikhwalithi yokutshala impahla - kungcono ukumisa ukukhetha kwakho kumbewu engenisiwe. Futhi qiniseka ukuzithenga kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile eziqinisekisiwe.
Isikhathi esinconyelwe sokuhlwanyela ngoFebhuwari. Ekhaya - ekupheleni kukaMashi. Kulesi simo, isidingo sezimbali kufanele silinde ngoMeyi noJuni.
Ukuze uhlwanyele, kuyadingeka ukuthatha isitsha esingenalutho ngegodi lokugeleza, ugcwalise nge-substrate, ungatholi 1-1.5 cm ekugcineni. I-Petunias ihlwanyelwa ebusweni bomhlaba, hhayi umquba nomhlaba, uma kungenjalo ngeke nje ihlume. Ukuze wenze kube lula ukukala, sebenzisa ukusebenzisa i-toothpick.
Uyazi? Njengoba imbewu ye-petunia incane kakhulu futhi uma kutshalwa kunzima ukubona ukuthi ibekwe kanjani emhlabathini, ungawahlwanyela eqhweni. Kulula ukuwahambisa ngokulinganayo ekhanda elimhlophe.
Izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe kufanele zifafazwe ngamanzi futhi zimbozwe nge-plastic plastic noma ingilazi, iphepha ne-agrotechnical tissue. (Abanye abalimi be-petunia bayeluleka imbewu yokutshala ezitsheni zokudla ezinamabhodlela.)
Igumbi lapho imbewu ihluma kufanele ivule kahle, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa kulo lingekho ngaphansi kwe + 20 ° С (okungcono - + 23 ° С). Njengoba izitshalo ezanele zidinga ukukhanya okukhulu, kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuhlela ukukhanyisa okweziwe amahora angu-14-20. Ekhaya, ungasebenzisa isibani se-fluorescent.
Izitshalo zivame ukuvunywa (imizuzu engu-10-15), futhi ukuhlola umswakama wenhlabathi.
Amahlumela kufanele avele kungakapheli amasonto amabili. Uma emva kwalesi sikhathi bengakabonakali, akufanelekile ukuzilinda - noma amahlumela ngeke abe khona, noma izitshalo ezivela kubo zizophuma zibuthakathaka futhi zingafaneleki.
Ukunakekelwa okufanelekile kwezithombo, ukondla ukudlala i-petunias (+ ukufakelwa kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile noma ekugxotsheni izimbiza)
Lapho umkhawulo wamapheshana wezithombo uthinta isembozo noma ingilazi, isitsha esinalo kufanele sivulwe. Kusukela manje, kubalulekile ukulawula umswakama wenhlabathi - kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli ngokweqile noma uwuthulule. Ukunisela kuqhutshwa epanini noma ngaphansi kwempande.
Uma nje izithombo zingathathwa ngeminwe yakho (noma ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga amathathu), zidinga ukukhethwa - zitshalwe eziqukathi ezihlukene.
Kubalulekile! Uma, ngenxa yalokho, ufuna ukuthola izimbali ezinhle ngenqubo yezimpande ezithuthukile, ungaqala ukutshala izithombo ezinzimbini ezincane, kodwa emva kwenyanga kuzodingeka zihanjiswe esitsheni esikhulu. Izitshalo ezinjalo zilula ukuzivumelanisa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuze izimbali zinikeze amahlumela ahlangene kahle futhi zingalulazi kahle, phakathi nalesi sikhathi zidinga ukuhlela umbuso wokushisa ngo-18-20 ° C, ebusuku - + 15 ° C. Akunaso icala kufanele amanzi amanzi.
Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokukhethwa, izitshalo zidinga ukondliwa ngomanyolo obunzima jikelele. Uma izithombo zibuthakathaka, zingasizwa nge-nitrogen fertilizer.
Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izincomo kanye namahlumela aphumelelayo, izithombo zizobe sezilungele ukufakelwa embhede wembali phakathi no-May - ekuqaleni kukaJune. Uma isimo sezulu sihle ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithombo zingatshalwa emabhokisini emabhokheni noma izimbiza ezilenga.
Indlela yokunakekela isitshalo somdala
Uma i-petunia yakho ikhulile, udinga ukuqhubeka nokulawula izici ezimbili: umswakama wenhlabathi nokutholakala kwezakhi ezikuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze i-petunia ibe nomumo omuhle futhi iqhakaze ngokumangalisayo, kufanele ulahle amahlumela aphezulu nama-inflorescences engeziwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuchofoza. Uma uzibuza ukuthi udinga ukuchofoza ukuphanga i-petunia, siyincoma kakhulu, ngoba le nqubo iyadingeka ukuthi ifake kahle futhi ikhule kahle.
Ukubamba iqhaza okuyinhloko kwenziwa lapho isihlahla singena esigabeni sokukhula okukhulayo futhi amahlumela afinyelela ubude buka-5-7 cm. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphuzu elikhulayo ngaphezu kweqabunga lesihlanu lisusiwe. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi uhlangothi luhlume ukuze lukhule. Ukusuka esifubeni seqabunga ngalinye kukhula ihlumela elisha. Yenza le nqubo njalo ngenyanga.
Baphinde baphathe i-pinch yamasonto onke ahlasele i-petunias, isuse amaqabunga amaningi ngokweqile nembewu yamabele. Ngakho uzosiza lesi sitshalo ukuba siqhakaze kakhulu, ngoba ukususwa kwe-ovary kushukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ezintsha.
Izici zokunisela ukuphanga petunias
Kudingeka ukuphuza i-petunia nsuku zonke, ngesikhathi somile - kabili ngosuku. Amanzi kufanele angene emhlabathini wonke, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, njengoba kuboniswa ukuvuza kwawo ngokusebenzisa imigodi yamanzi. Futhi, izitshalo zizokujabulela ukuphamba kwansuku zonke kwe-spray. Kunconywa ukubeka amachashazi masonto onke emgodini ngamanzi abandayo. Lapho kuqala ukushisa kwezulu, inani lokuchelela liyancipha.
Izitshalo zokudla kanye nomanyolo
Isihluthulelo sokukhula okuhle kanye nezitshalo zezimbali kuyondla njalo. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza esisodwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, i-petunia kumele ifakwe umanyolo ogcwele ogcwele izimbali, ikakhulukazi nge-predominance of potassium ne-magnesium.
Izindlela zokubeletha zokupheka nokuphanga ama-petunias
Ngaphandle kwendlela yembewu, i-cascade petunia ingandisa ngokuvuna. Ukwenza lokhu ekwindla kufanele ukhethe izitshalo ezinempilo, ezithuthukile, kamuva eziba ngumama. Inkinga enkulu yokukhiqiza ngale ndlela kuyoba ukuqinisekisa izimo ezifanele zokulondolozwa kwamaseli wenkosikazi - ukukhanya okuhle kwesikhathi eside kanye nombuso wokushisa we-12-15 ° C. I-cuttings yenziwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Ngokuba izicucu sebenzisa izingxenye ezingenhla amahlumela ngobude buka 4-6 cm. Bashaywa masinyane e-substrate futhi bahlanganiswe nefilimu noma i-lutrasil.
Ukuze kutholakale izimpande, ukushisa kwama-20-22 ° C kufanelekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, izimpande zenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-6-10. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12, ukusika kungatshalwa emabhodini, emva kokubopha iziqongqo zabo ukuze kube nokuhlelwa kwe-cascade petunias.
Ngakho-ke, siye sahlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kuyadingeka kanjani ukuhlakulela ukuhlaselwa kanye ne-super cascade petunia futhi ngaphansi kweziphi izimo okumelwe zikhule. Ukulandela lezi zincomo, ngokuqinisekile uzokwazi ukukhulisa imifula emnandi ephuma ezimbali ezizokuthokozisa ngezimbali zazo zonke ihlobo.
