Izinhlobo zezitamatisi ezikhula kancane zibangela inzalo ekhulayo, ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi ukuzinakekela kulula. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo, umfudlana waseMongolia uphawuleka ikakhulukazi - utamatisi osigaxa sawo sicishe sikhule siPlastusian, hhayi phezulu, kodwa ngobubanzi, njengezitshalo eziningi eSiberia, lapho izinhlobonhlobo zazalaliswa khona. Akukafakwa kurejista Yombuso Yenhlangano Yezwe YaseRussia, yize iya ngokuya idumile phakathi kwabalimi abangama-amateur kulo lonke izwe lethu, futhi ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseSiberia naseTransbaikalia.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zaseMongolia, izici zayo, isifunda sokutshala
Utamatisi umfudlana waseMongolia uthathwa njengokukhethwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-amateur, kepha kunzima ukuthola imininingwane esemthethweni ngomsuka wayo, ngoba izinhlobonhlobo namanje azikabhaliswa emibhalweni yokulawula. Ngokusobala, kulokhu, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola imbewu yemifino yaseMongolia ethengisiwe evulekile: labo abafuna ukutshala le nhlobonhlobo bafuna imbewu phakathi kwabangane nasezingosini ezahlukahlukene ze-Intanethi. Leli yibhizinisi eliyingozi, ngakho-ke ukubuyekezwa okuvame kakhulu futhi okungekuhle kakhulu mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo kuhlobene, ngokusobala, ngeqiniso lokuthi abantu bathola inkohliso eyahlukahlukene.
Njengoba umfudlana waseMongolia wavunyelwa ukutshala ezindaweni zokulima eziyingozi, ukhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjengeSiberia, i-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude. Yebo, akekho okhathazayo ukuyitshala yonke indawo, kodwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele imihlomulo yalokhu okuhlukahlukene izodalulwa, futhi kukhona ukukhetha okukhulu kukatamatisi emgqeni ophakathi, futhi ikakhulukazi kwizifunda eziseningizimu.
Imfiva yaseMongolia ingutamatisi womhlaba ovulekile: ukuytshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kuyichitha kakhulu, ngoba iyizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezikhula kuphela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15-25, akuvamile ukuba phezulu. Indawo yezindawo zokugcina izithombo iyabiza, bazama ukukhula izinhlobo zemvelo, izihlahla zazo ezikhula ziphakeme kuze kube yilapho kufakwa khona uphahla, zihlala nawo wonke umthamo owusizo. Imfudlana yaseMongolia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhula ngobubanzi, yakha isihlahla esinwabuzelayo ngesilinganiso, kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela kumamitha. Izinhlobonhlobo zinesistimu yezimpande enamandla, kepha iningi lezimpande liseduze kobuso bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokungena ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezijulile.
Esiqwini esikhulu, esiqala ukusakazeka ngokushesha emhlabathini, kuye kwakheka inamba enkulu yama -onsons, lapho kuzalwa khona isivuno esiphelele: kuzingane ngayinye, izithelo ezi-3-4. Ngakho-ke, ukunqunywa umlomo ngomunwe - enye yezinqubo eziphambili kwezokulima utamatisi - ngokweqiniso akusebenzi kulokhu okuhlukahlukene. Zonke izinyathelo zizama ukushiya ezihlahleni zalezi utamatisi, ngaphandle kwalezo, ngokusho komnikazi, zikhula ngaphandle kwendawo futhi ziqhakaze ihlathi ngokungadingekile.
Inani lezithelo ezihlahleni oluncane lwaseMongolia luyamangalisa
Umdanso weMongolia awudingi futhi uboshelwe kusekela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuwukwenza lula umsebenzi womlimi, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu kufanele abhekane neqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu yesitshalo ilele phansi emhlabathini, engagcini ngokungasebenzi, kodwa futhi ingadala ukubola kwezithelo. Ngenhlanhla, ukubola kwamatamatisi akujwayelekile kule nhlobonhlobo.
Ngokuhlwanyelwa okufika kwesikhathi kwembewu yezithombo, izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukuthela izithelo ekupheleni kukaJuni, futhi ziyakwazi ukuvuna inqwaba yesitshalo ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibanda semvula, esigcwele ukukhula okulimaza sekwephuzile. Kuliqiniso, ngemuva kokudlula kwegagasi eliyinhloko lokuqhakaza izithelo, ukwakheka nokukhula kwamatamatisi, yize kuncane, kuthatha isikhathi eside, kuze kufike isithwathwa.
Isithelo sezinhlobonhlobo siphezulu kakhulu, izihlahla zimbozwe utamatisi omkhulu onesisindo esingama-200 g, kepha ubukhulu bamatamatisi engxenye yokugcina yesilimo, eduze nasekwindla, bunesizotha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, esihlahleni esisodwa ungafinyelela izithelo ezifika ku-10 kg. Zinezimo ezibushelelezi, eziyindilinga nombala obomvu okhanyayo, ukuqhekeka kwezithelo kuboniswa kuncane. I-pulp iminyene, okuqukethwe ujusi kuphezulu. Imibono iyaphikisana ngokunambitheka: ayinakubizwa ukuthi ihle kakhulu, kepha ngezinhlobo zokuqala zaseSiberia zinhle kakhulu, zinama-acidity. Injongo yindawo yonke: kusuka ekusetshenzisweni okusha kuze kulungiswe izitsha ezahlukahlukene kanye namalungiselelo ebusika.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengezingenankinga ekunakekelweni, okubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi abasaqala. Imifino yaseMongolia nayo ingathakazelisa kubalimi abancane, ngoba utamatisi ubekezelelwa kahle, ugcinwe kahle futhi ubukeka kahle.
Ividiyo: umlingiswa wamatamatisi onobuntu
Ukubukeka
Izithelo zikatamatisi zinesimo nombala we- “utamatisi” wasendulo nombala, ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwamatamatisi akhethiwe kunzima ukuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Ukubona izithelo eziqoqiwe zemifino yaseMongolia engasho lutho, singasho ukuthi: "Lutho olukhethekile, kukhona amatamatisi amaningi anjalo"
Kodwa-ke, lokho okungabonakala ngqo embhedeni kuzokuqeda ukungabaza ukuthi ngumuntu waseMongolia ophambi kwakho: kubonakala sengathi nguyena kuphela ongasakazeka emhlabathini futhi athele inani elikhulu lezithelo ezibomvu eziyindilinga.
Umfudlana waseMongolia ukhula kube sengathi "uqamba amanga", kanti utamatisi utholakala emhlabathini, lapho okubekelwa khona udoti kuwo
Izinzuzo nokubi, izici, umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo
Ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo zemvelo zaseMongolia kukhombisa ukuthi intshisekelo ngakho kufanele ibe phezulu. Ngempela, le utamatisi inenqwaba yezinzuzo ezinhle. Lokhu ngokwesibonelo:
- izinga eliphezulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu;
- ukubekezelela isomiso;
- ukulula ekushiyeni: ukungabi nesidingo sokwakheka nokubopha kwezihlahla;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala kakhulu;
- ubude besikhathi sokuzala;
- ukumelana okuphezulu kokulimala sekwephuzile;
- amathuba okukhula ngendlela engenambewu ezindaweni ezifudumele;
- ukuthutha kanye nekhwalithi enhle yokugcina izithelo;
- ezinkulu-izithelo, uncharacteristic zezinhlobo superdeterminant;
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo nazo zinobunzima. Ngokuvamile abalimi bakhononda ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- ubunzima bokuthola imbewu yangempela yalokhu okuhlukahlukene;
- ukwehla okubukhali kokukhiqiza ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu;
- isimo esingesihle sesitshalo kuya enhlabathini enkulu;
- hhayi ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kwesithelo.
Njengoba umfudlana waseMongolia wenzelwe indawo evulekile ezifundeni ezibandayo, lapho ukutshala utamatisi kuke kwaba yinkinga enkulu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isilinganiso samanani kanye nemizuzu yezinhlobonhlobo kusakhuluma ngekhono laso eliphakeme: ngesivuno esikhulu kanye nokungathobeki, ukushiyeka okuphawuliwe kuhamba ngasendleleni. Kunzima ukukhumbula enye inhlobo egcwele indawo enezakhiwo ezifanayo.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala, ngokwesibonelo, i-White Bulk enezithelo zesimo esifanayo, kepha incane ngosayizi, yahlonishwa kudala. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhathanisa la matamatisi akulungile ngokuphelele: zihlukile kakhulu ngesimo sesihlahla nasezimfanelweni zabathengi.
Muva nje, izinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo ka utamatisi ziye kwavela, nazo zakuqala futhi superdeterminant. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, i-Alfa, iGin, i-Aphrodite, iSanka, njll. Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo ezithwala utamatisi ngokufana ngesimo nangombala kuya kumatamatisi emifino yaseMongolia, kunalokho kuvuna kakhulu futhi kuvuthwe kuqala. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi ezifanayo zikhula zibe okungenani isigamu sokuphakama kwamamitha, futhi kuphela umfudlana osakazeka emhlabathini. Ukuthi lokhu kubhekwa njengento enhle kuyiphuzu elixakile, kepha iqiniso lokuthi incithakalo yaseMongolia iyathakazelisa kakhulu ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Izici zokutshala nokukhulisa utamatisi omfushane waseMongolia
Kusezifundeni ezifudumele kuphela lapho kungenzeka ukhule umfushane waseMongolia ngokutshala ngqo emhlabathini. Kulezo zifunda lapho le nhlobonhlobo ihlwanyelwe khona, ukulima okungenazithombo akusebenzi, ngakhoke, njengenqwaba yezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi, baqala ukuyikhulisa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ezinkomishini noma izithombo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukufakelwa
Isikhathi esiqondile sokuhlwanyela imbewu sinqunywa yisikhathi esanele sokutshala izithombo engadini: kuze kube yilesi sikhathi kufanele kube nezinyanga ezimbili. Kuliqiniso, akunzima ukumboza imvelo yaseMongolia engadini ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, ngoba ikhula esihlahleni esiphansi kakhulu, futhi izithombo zayo nazo zincanyana. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kwezithombo akukhona okwenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo lokhu, kepha umhlaba kumele uphinde ufudumale kuze kube ngu-14. mayelanaC. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zaseSiberia, izithombo akunakwenzeka ukuthi zitshaleke ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi. Kuyavela ukuthi ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kufanele kwenziwe cishe ngoMashi 20.
Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo zikatamatisi yaziwa yiwo wonke umlimi, ngalesi sikhathi izinhlobonhlobo azinayo imininingwane ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula nje ukuthi izihlahla zikhula kancane, ngenyanga zithola ukuphakama okungama-7-8 cm kuphela, okungafanele ukwethusa umlimi. Yebo, futhi izithombo ezilungele ukutshala zivame ukuba phansi kunezithombo zezinye izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, yonke imisebenzi ekhulayo ibukeka yendabuko.
- Ukulungiselela imbewu. Ukuhlinzwa kufaka ukulinganisa, ukubulala amagciwane ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate nokuqina esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Kwesinye isikhathi imbewu imile futhi, kepha lo msebenzi uzosheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo kungadluli ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi. Ngokungeziwe, abalimi bathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yokutshala inani elincane lezithombo. Uma uzenza ngokwakho, kungcono ukuxuba umhlaba we-peat, humus kanye ne-sod cishe ngokulinganayo, bese ukhipha isibulala-magciwane ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Lapho uthenga inhlabathi esitolo, kungakuhle ukhethe okuyiyona eyenzelwe utamatisi
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Kungcono ukuqala uhlwanyele ebhokisini elincane, bese ulitshala (dive). Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokujula okungaba ngu-1.5 cm, hhayi ngaphezu kwembewu eyi-1 cm ngalinye.
Ngembewu eyishumi nambili noma emibili, noma iliphi ibhokisi elingadingekile lifanelekile
- Umthethonqubo wokushisa. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala, izithombo zidinga umkhuhlane: 16-16 mayelanaC. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, izinga lokushisa liphakanyiselwa ekushiseni kwegumbi. Kodwa ukukhanya kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube okuhle kakhulu: kufasiteleni eliseningizimu - isilinganiso esifanele sokukhanya.
Uma kungekho kukhanya okwanele egumbini, kubalulekile ukuhlomisa isibani sangemuva
- Ukuthathwa: kwenziwa lapho kuqhamuka iqabunga leqiniso le-2 noma le-3. Izithombo zitshala ngokukhululeka, ngokucindezela kancane umgogodla ophakathi nendawo.
Ithangi lokukhetha elihle kunazo zonke - ibhodwe le-peat
- Ukuchelela okulinganiselwe nokulinganiselayo (amanzi ngokweqile ayingozi kunokuntuleka). Kungathatha umquba ongu-1-2 nanoma yimuphi umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, kepha uma inhlabathi yakheka kahle, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwabo.
Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa izingxube zomanyolo ezikhethekile zokugqoka eziphezulu.
- Ukuphatha. Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokufakelwa engadini, izithombo zijwayela kancane kancane ukuphola nokuntuleka komswakama.
Eminyakeni engu-50-70 yezinsuku, izithombo zihanjiswa engadini. Ukutshala le utamatisi akunazimpawu ezibalulekile, kepha naphezu kwe-superdeterminantity, izihlahla azivamisile ukubekwa: inikezwe iqiniso lokuthi zikhula ziye ezinhlangothini, izimbobo zilungiswa buqamama okungenani ama-60-80 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Njengoba izithombo zemvelo zaseMongolia ziphansi, ukujula kucishe kungadingeki lapho uyitshala.
Lapho ifika, umfudlana waseMongolia ungcwatshwa kuphela uma izithombo zidonswa
Impahla enhle yezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi, ngenxa yokuphakama okuncane kakhulu kwezihlahla, ayesabi umoya, ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indawo yemibhede kwenziwa lula. Kepha utamatisi wenza izimfuno eziphezulu emhlabathini: ukhula kabi emhlabathini wobumba. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sobumba oluvame ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kombhede wengadi, ngaphezu kwemithamo ejwayelekile yomanyolo, isihlabathi esimsulwa siyanezelelwa kukho.
Njengamanye utamatisi, imfushane yaseMongolia idinga kakhulu umsoco we-phosphorus, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwebhakede le-humus nedlanzana lomlotha wezinkuni, 1 m2 imibhede engeza ukuya ku-50 g we-superphosphate. Ungenza i-superphosphate ngqo emgodini wokutshala (10 g), uyixube kahle nenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziyaniselwa, inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini kanti phakathi nesonto lokuqala bavunyelwe ukumpande ezihlahleni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthula kwabo.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa utamatisi Umfushane waseMongolia ulula. Amabhasi aniselwa kuphela njengoba inhlabathi yomisa ngamandla: lokhu okuhlukahlukene kubekezelela isomiso kalula, kepha kubuhlungu ukuphendula umswakama ngokweqile. Ngemuva kokunisela nezimvula, ukukhulula kuyadingeka, kuhambisana nokhula, kepha njengoba izihlahla zikhula, kuba nzima, futhi esikhundleni salokho umbhede ufakwe ngotshani obunjiwe noma ngotshani obomile: ngenxa yokufakwa kwezihlahla, bazama ukungasebenzisi i-humus njenge-mulch, bazama ukugcina utamatisi uhlanzekile udoti.
Ukufakwa kotshani nakho ukugqoka kahle okuphezulu kwalolu utamatisi: okokuqala kuyadingeka emavikini angama-2-2 emva kokususwa kwezithombo engadini. Kunikezwa eminye imibala emibili ephezulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamatamatisi, kepha adinga i-nitrogen encane ekwakhiweni kwawo, ngakho-ke ungayifaka esikhundleni se-organic nge-infusion yokhuni lomlotha (200 g ngebhakede lamanzi).
Umfudlana waseMongolia awudingi ukwakheka okhethekile kwesihlahla, noma i-garter, kepha uma ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo zibonakala zingaxakile, zinganqunywa: kuyisifiso sokuthi utamatisi uvezwe ukukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Uma umlimi efuna ukubopha izitshalo, ezivimbela ekufakweni ngokweqile, kufanele akwenze ngokucophelela lokhu: iziqu zalo utamatisi zintekenteke futhi ziphuka kalula.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengezemelana nezifo, kepha kulezo zindawo ezihlukaniswa amakhaza ngokweqile nangamanzi ngo-Agasti, zingaqhubeka nokulimala sekwephuzile. Lesi yisifo fungal esiyingozi esingabhubhisa sonke isivuno esisele ngalesi sikhathi emabeleni. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinjalo ukufafazwa kwe-prophylactic kwezitshalo ngamalungiselelo angenabungozi, ngokwesibonelo, iFitosporin noma iTrichodermin, empeleni yenziwa.
Ukubuyekezwa
Ngo-2013 ngatshala uMK kule ndawo ebamba ukushisa. Umphumela - waved, kodwa bonke bangena amahlamvu. Ngo-2014 ngamfaka kugesi ophumayo. Umphumela waba muhle kakhulu. Iphansi, icwecwe, ithela. Isiphetho siziveza: ku-greenhouse akayena ow !!
ULarina
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Lo nyaka ngatshala imfushane yaseMongolia - eminyakeni eminingana edlule ngithenga imbewu kuVera Panova waseChelyabinsk. Kwabahlanu, oyedwa wasinda. Ungene emhlabathini ovulekile, ongowokuqala ukugula ngokulimala sekwephuzile, wasusa utamatisi luhlaza, ukunambitheka okumuncu. Ngeke ngitshale okuningi.
Ingadi
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=54504
Ngitshala njalo i-Dwarf, izinhlobo engizithandayo, noma mhlawumbe uyangithanda. Ukunambitheka kuyinto esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, kuya ngesimo sezulu, kepha kusesekuseni kakhulu futhi kuyachaphazeleka futhi kuthela izithelo, kucishe kube yibhakede kusuka esihlahleni ukuphakama okungama-40 cm. Kuqala ukuthela izithelo ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti… bese ngiyakususa, ngoba kukhula igesi ephumayo, ethela amanzi eqhwa kusuka kwi-hose ...
UKhele
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=54504
Wamtshala iminyaka emi-2. Ukunambitheka kuyinto esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ...
Teglen
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?p=1091516
Akukho lutho oluxakile kule nhlobonhlobo, kukhona amaminithi amaningi kune-pluses. Ukuhluma kwembewu okungama-30-45% (okuthile nje!), Kukhula kancane. Izithelo, esikhundleni se-200 g ethenjisiwe, zifinyelela kancane ku-60 g, omuncu. Kukhona izithelo ezimbalwa kakhulu, kungcono ukukhulisa isihlahla esisodwa seKibitsa kune-5-MK. Onke utamatisi unompande oyisisekelo ofinyelela kumamitha ayihafu nantathu, uMK unezimpande ezingaphezulu, futhi udinga ukuthambisa njalo. Watshala izingcezu eziyi-10 zokuhlolwa, wakhipha konke wakukhipha phakathi nehlobo.
Gutfrau
//www.lynix.biz/forum/mongolskii-karlik
Imfushane yaseMongolia iyinhlobonhlobo yetamatisi enezimpawu eziguquguqukayo. Ngisho nalabo abazihlolile kumasayithi abo banika ukubuyekezwa okuphikisanayo. Ngokwengxenye, kungenzeka kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala okuphansi kwembewu yangempela yalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Kucace bha ukuthi le nyanya ayithembeki ekukhuleni futhi izithelo zayo zivuthwa kusenesikhathi, kepha wonke umuntu angathola iziphetho eziphelele kuphela ngemuva kokuzama ukutshala umfudlana waseMongolia endaweni yakhe.
