Emashumini eminyaka eminyaka, abalimi bathole inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya, kodwa-ke, imvelo ayimi, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi sibona ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo okwenza izinhlobo ezintsha. Namuhla sizoxoxa nge-Williams Red pear, sichaze izinhlobonhlobo, futhi sikhulume ngamandla ayo kanye nobuthakathaka.
Umlando we-Inference
Izinhlobonhlobo "Williams" zavuswa cishe ngo-1796 futhi zaqanjwa ngegama lomzalisi uWilliam Christa, kodwa ukuhluka okubomvu kwavela ngokwakho, ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwethonya labantu. Okusho ukuthi, ikhasi "Williams Rouge Delbara" akuyona isithelo semizamo yabalimi, kodwa ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo okulula.
Incazelo yomuthi
Ingxenye engenhla iyingcosana kakhulu kunaleyo eWilliam ehlanzekile. Umqhele uhlotshiswe ngesimo sepiramidi, hhayi ukuqina. Amagatsha akhula nge-angle engama-40˚ eduze kwe-base, futhi ama-apical amahlumela agoba phansi ngendlela e-arc. Amaflethi amashidi awafani ngokuma nesayizi kusuka ejwayelekile. 
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi amagxolo emthini aphelile, okuhambisana nezici ze-varietal, hhayi ngomsebenzi wezinambuzane.
Hlola ezinye izinhlobo zamapheya: "Otradnenskaya", "Lada", "Fairytale", "Veles", "Rogneda", "Nika", "Talgar beauty", "Duchess", "Petrovskaya", "Severyanka", "Avgustovskaya dew "," Kokinskaya "," uBryansk Beauty "," Thumbelina "," Hera "," Izintandokazi Klapp "," Marble "," Ububele ".
Incazelo yezithelo
Ukuhlukanisa "umthambo" wezithelo, "Williams" kulula, ngoba owokuqala unombala ocacile. Amapheya awadwetshwe kuphela emathunzini abomvu nalabo abomvu, kodwa futhi abe nomumo owenziwe ngaphezulu.
Isilinganiso sesisindo sesisindo sika 200-250 g. Amapheya anesikhumba esincane. Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elula futhi enomsoco. Ukunambitheka kuyipare elimnandi kakhulu nge-flavor nutmeg. Kunomunyu omncane. 
Uyazi? E-Switzerland, izithelo eziphakathi kwamapayipi zikhiqiza isiraphu eqondile, ebizwa ngokuthi "uju we-pear", kodwa lokhu okunandi akuhlangene noju oluvamile.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Umuthi utshalwe endaweni evulekile, ngoba udinga ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa. Ngisho ngisho ne-shading encane ayamukelekile, ngoba umqhele womuthi ukhulu kakhulu, yingakho amahlumela aphansi kakade ehlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Izinhlobonhlobo zithanda inhlabathi evundile, evundile kahle, ngakho-ke ngokushesha nitshale isithombo kwi-substrate evundile, noma usebenzise inani elanele le-humus, umlotha noma i-superphosphate uma utshala. Uma inhlabathi iyimpofu, kufanele usebenzise inani elikhulu lomanyolo unyaka ngamunye. 
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi leli peyari aliyithandi amanzi aphelile, ngakho-ke uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthuthukisa ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, sebenzisa isakhiwo salo: engeza isihlabathi noma wenze uhlaka olunamanzi lwamanzi obunwetshiwe noma igravel.
Kubalulekile! Umhlabathi akufanele ube omuncu noma i-alkaline, kungcono ukubambelela ekukhethweni okungathathi hlangothi.
Ukuvota
Ngeshwa Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizenzekelayo, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ezinye izinwele ezihamba phambili. Okuhle kakhulu okulandelayo: "I-Clapp eyintandokazi", "i-Forest Beauty" ne "Bere Gardi". 
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi izinhlobo ze-samobzoplodnye zezithelo zibe zidinga ukuthola impova ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezingenasithelo. Ngisho nasezinambuzaneni, lesi sihlahla ngeke sithele noma yisiphi isitshalo ngaphandle kokuba kunezinye izihlahla ezifanele impova eduze.
Fruiting
Izithelo "Williams Williams" ziqala kuphela eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala. Kuze kube yilapho lesi sihlahla singaqhakaza, kodwa ama-ovari angeke.
Kubalulekile! Isitokisi senziwe kwi-quince yisithombo.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, izithelo zisuswe ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, ngoba ukuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi, futhi amapheya angeke adinge. 
Ukuvuna ukuvuna kubonakala ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, futhi imikhiqizo idinga ukuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-16-18.
Ukuthela
Isivuno sesilinganiso sika-10-12 amathani ngalinye ngehektare, uma nje umuthi uzothola ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi esifanele, amanzi kanye nelanga eliningi.
Uma uqhathanisa nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlanzekile "Williams", umthameli unikeza ukukhiqizwa okuncane.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Lapho ugcina imikhiqizo esitokisini esiphelile, esinesimo esihle, amapheya amanga cishe izinyanga ezi-2-2.5. Uma iqhwa, impilo yeshalofu ingenani unyaka owodwa. 
Ukuhamba kwezokuthutha kuyinto ejwayelekile. Uma izithelo zokuthutha ezikhishwayo zithunyelwa, umkhiqizo uthola umonakalo omncane. Uma amapheya evuthiwe ngokuphelele, ke ukuwahambisa emadolobheni amade akuyona imali ephumelelayo ngenxa yokulahleka.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana nokulinganisa kwesilinganiso, okungukuthi, kuthinteka kuphela uma izimo ezikhulayo zinganelisi. Kumele kuthiwa "uWilliam obomvu" usengozini yezifo ezinjalo: i-cytosporosis, izithelo zokubola, ukugqwala, umdlavuza wezimpande.
Ungaphulukisa ngokuphelele zonke izifo ngaphandle komdlavuza. Lesi sifo asiphathwa futhi sidinga ukubhujiswa kwezinkuni ezithintekayo, kanye nokungahlanjululwa kwenhlabathi, ukuze "ukutheleleka" kungafaki kwezinye izitshalo. 
Okungukuthi, uma zonke izimpande zithinteka ngumdlavuza, kulula ukuphulula umuthi bese uwushisa. Uma ingxenye encane yesimiso isithintekile, isuswa, futhi izimpande ezinempilo ziphathwa nge-1% ye-sulphate yethusi.
Ezinye izifo kulula ukuphatha nge-fungicides. Okokuqala, ubhubhisa masinyane onke amakhowe anesifo sikashukela noma azophahlaza esihlahleni. Okwesibili, akudingeki ukwazi kahle ukuthi yisiphi isifo sofungayo esishaya i-pear ukuze usebenzise ikhambi elifanele. Kwanele ukuthenga i-fungicide yesenzo esiningi futhi ubulale yonke isikhunta esibangela isifo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, i-pear ishintshwe yizimpungushe "ezijwayelekile" zalesi sitshalo: ama-aphid, ukuncelisa, izibungu eziphakathi kwezilwane nezimbungulu, kanye nesihlangu se-California. 
Ukubhujiswa kwazo zonke izidumbu, ikakhulukazi emthini omude omdala, kungcono ukusiza usizo lwe-chemistry. Umuthi uphathwa ngama-insecticide, ku-spectrum okukhona kuwo ama-parasites okukhulunywe ngenhla.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuvamile, ngakho-ke akukhuthazwa ukulima ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi lezi zimbali zinokumelana nokuqhwa kwama-frost, ngakho-ke awusengozini yokulahlekelwa isitshalo sonke, uma ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo isimo sezulu sinquma ukwenza i-pod.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Amapheya alezi zinhlobonhlobo asetshenziswa jikelele. Bona, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okuqondile, kungenziwa omisiwe, ukukhiqiza iwayini ngesisekelo sabo, noma ukusetshenziselwa ama-marinades. 
Uyazi? Izinkuni zokhuni zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izitsha zasekhishini, ngoba "azibutheli" iziphunga futhi azihloli ngenxa yomswakama.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Okulandelayo, sichaza amandla kanye nobuthakathaka ukuze sibone ukuthi ukutshala umthunzi endaweni yakho.
Izinzuzo
- Izimpahla eziphezulu kanye namanambitha wemikhiqizo.
- Ukuvunwa okuhle okuqinile.
- Amapheya ayinzima kakhulu.
- Isihlahla sinokuphakama okuncane, okukuvumela ukuthi uqoqe izithelo ngokulula.
I-Cons
- Ukumelana okuphansi kwesomiso neqhwa.
- Lithinta cishe zonke izifo ze-pear, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa nezidakamizwa kuyadingeka.
- Ukuzikhukhumeza akuvumeli ukwakha ingadi kuphela ngesisekelo sika "Williams of the Red".
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo, nakuba zinokulingana "okulula" kwezingxenye ezingenhla, azifani nokuphikisana nezifo noma ama-vagaries esimo sezulu, ngakho-ke angeke zitshalwe ukukhiqiza isitshalo esizothengiswa. Ukuntuleka kokuzivikela kwezifo kukhuthaza abanikazi ukuba baqhubeke bephethe imithi, okuthinta kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo, kanye nokukhokhela. Ngakho-ke, "uWilliam Red" kufanelekile kuphela ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-palette ye-varietal ensimini bese uzama okuthile okusha.
