Izindlela zokuzalisa izinyosi zezinyosi

Omunye wamakhono adingekayo ekuloleni izinyosi ukuhoxiswa kwamakhosikazi. Esikhathini isayensi lokufuya izinyosi kukhona igatsha lonke elibizwa ngokuthi i-matology. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezikhona zokuzalisa izinyosi zezinyosi nokuthi yikuphi okulula ukukwazi ukuqala kwabaqalayo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Drones ukuhoxiswa
• Izindlela zokuhoxisa amakhosikazi: ukulandelana kwezenzo
• Izindlela zemvelo
• I-inference yokufakelwa
• Izindlela ezihlala
• Izimo eziyinhloko zokuhoxiswa kwamakhosikazi
• Ikhalenda lokuzalisa ubeletha

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zezinyosi koloni

Cabanga ngenqubo yokuhoxiswa kwemigqa ngokwabo noma ekusebenziseni. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale lo msebenzi onzima, kubalulekile ukuhlola uhlelo olwakhiwa ngabafuyi bezinyosi ngokuqothula. Inqubo yokuzalisa imindeni iqala ngokukhethwa kwemindeni ebelethayo. Kuyinto ikhwalithi yabazali, okungukuthi, isisu kanye ne-drones, ukuthi zonke izimpawu zesikhathi esizayo zenzalo zixhomeke. Yonke imithwalo yemfanelo nokukhiqiza kwemindeni ilawulwa yisibeletho esincane, esiyibeka enhloko yale mindeni. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kufanele kwenziwe phakathi kwamandla amakhulu, enempilo nangaphezulu. Ososayensi bezinyosi bathi lokho ukususwa kwezinsikazi ezincane kungenziwa ngokuzimela, ngisho nasezikhungweni zezinyoni ezincane.

Uma uhlela ukwakha i-apiary, ke wazi kangcono izici zokufuya izinyosi kubaqalayo.

Ukuqondiswa yizilinganiso ezilandelayo:

• okubaluleke kakhulu kunyosi yezinyosi ukukhiqiza uju komndeni wezinyosi;
• amandla omndeni wonyaka wonke;
• ukumelana nomkhuhlane;
• ukumelana nezifo kanye nempilo enhle.

Ungathola ulwazi mayelana nomndeni ngamunye endaweni yezinyosi erejista, okumele igcinwe wonke umuntu ophethe izinyosi. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela umndeni uqala unyaka ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina ukuhoxiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukwandisa amandla engeziwe omndeni, okuthunyelwa ebusika. Kudingeka ubambe ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngaphambi kwezinyosi eziqhwabayo:

• hlola izinga lobuni olukhiqizwa ngumndeni;
• ukuhlanza nokuhlanza isifuba, ukondle, okuzogqugquzela izinyosi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uvikele isidleke ku-Nosema;
• unike izinyosi ezingenayo i-crystalline.

Uju lukude kakhulu nenani elilodwa umuntu athola ngenxa yezinyosi. Imikhiqizo yezinyosi ezifana ne-pollen, inyosi yezinyosi, i-wax, i-propolis, i-podmora, i-perga, i-royal jelly kanye nobisi lwe-drone nayo isetshenzisiwe.

Ngaphambi kokuzalisa izinsizwa ezincane entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuthi ekugcineni uphinde uthathe indlovukazi endala enezinyosi ezindala, izinyosi ezizalwa nje. Ngakho uzochitha ukuhoxiswa kwamakhosikazi amancane ngaphandle kokufuya izinyosi emndenini wezinyosi. Inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni iphela ekuqaleni kwenyanga yokugcina yentwasahlobo. Isiphetho sizoletha imiphumela ngaphambi kokuthi izinambuzane zikhuthazwa ngokudla kusuka kuma-carbohydrate noma amaprotheni.

Kubalulekile! Futhi ngaleyo njongo kungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise izimo lapho izinambuzane zihlala khona, okungukuthi, ukugxilisa isidleke futhi uvikeleke emoyeni, ungakwazi ukuveza isidleke kusukela endaweni ebusika ekuqaleni.

Ngemuva kokuthi uqede ukufaka esikhundleni samakhosikazi endala ngezingane ezincane futhi ezitholwa uphawu, ungakha imindeni ezoqhubeka nokukhulisa ama-grubs omama abancane. Abafuyi bezinyosi bathi emkhayeni onjalo wezemfundo kuzomele kube okungenani ama-kilogram amabili nezinxenye zezinyosi, amafomu amane ane-perga, futhi futhi angaba ngamakhilogremu ayishumi nesishiyagalombili oju.

Drones ukuhoxiswa

Le nqubo yenziwa abafuyi bezinyosi ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuba imifantu ixoshwe ezindaweni zokubanda, ngoba ukukhulelwa kudlula cishe izinyanga ngezinambuzane. Ukuze ulethe ama-drones, udinga ukhethe omunye wemindeni yezinyosi ezinhle kakhulu.

Emndenini onjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi unciphise isidleke esilinganisweni esincane, shiya uhlaka emcimbini, ohlangene ekuzaliseni (uju, perga). Ngakho-ke, indlovukazi ngeke ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda ngokugcwele. Khona-ke phakathi nendawo esidlekeni ufake i-drone honeycomb. Ezinzizeni zezinyosi lapho ama-drones nezinsikazi zisuswe ngendlela ehlelekile, amaseli akhethekile ane-insulators asetshenziswe kuhlaka olulodwa.

Uyazi? Izinyosi zenza uju ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-150.

I-drone eboshiwe nenkosikazi kumele ifakwe ku-insulator, kuphela emva kokuba iyoba phakathi kwesihlamba. Isibeletho sizobeka amaqanda ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-4, i-isolator idluliselwa esidlekeni somphakathi futhi kufakwe iseli elisha. Umndeni lapho i-drones ihlala khona kufanele ifakwe isiraphu isiraphu noma isiraphu uju nsuku zonke.

Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuqinisa amafomu ayisikhombisa ne-bee brood ephrintiwe.

Izindlela zokuhoxisa amakhosikazi: ukulandelana kwezenzo

Umlusi wezinyosi oqalayo, ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela kule nqubo, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi udinga ikhono, ulwazi kanye landela ngokuqinile imiyalo:

• Thatha i-block, ehlukaniswe nomndeni oyinhloko wezinambuzane yigridi yaseHahnemannian. Dlulisa lapho ifreyimu nenkosikazi. Kulesi sakhiwo kufanele kube okungenani ama-4 ozimele, ama-2 ahlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu, no-2 nge-brood evulekile. Indlovukazi kufanele iphumule kulolu luhlaka lwesonto, ngemuva kwalokho okumele kwenziwe amanye amafreyimu amane, agcwaliswe ngama-brood eminye imindeni.
• Umndeni obangelwa yizinambuzane uzokwenza inqwaba yamaseli wenkosikazi uma izinyosi ezincane zikhululiwe emndenini ovalwe uphawu. Kuzokwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-9.
• Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5 emva kwesigaba esidlule, udinga ukusetha ezinye imindeni ngesigamu ngokuhlukanisa nge-latan Ganeman. Ngezinsuku ezingu-9, sebenzisa le block njengesiqephu, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi i-brood evulekile izovalwa.
• Okulandelayo udinga ukwenza i-1 frame insulator. Kuyadingeka isikhathi esithile ukulungiselela i-sushi entsha kusuka ku-honeycomb, kodwa akufanele igcwaliswe ngama-supplements, bese uyihambisa kuloluhlaka. Ngemva kwesonto, indlovukazi, eyaphumula, isetshenziselwa ifreyimu engenalutho ecacisiwe. Faka i-latan Ganeman emaphethelweni, shiya indlovukazi engenalutho nenkosikazi emndenini womama.
• Amaqanda amaningi amakhulu azobekwa eceleni, okuyinto indlovukazi ehlala kuyo izokhiqiza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelayo.
• Amafreyimu ama-4 kumele ahanjiswe emthanjeni womama kuya ekugcineni. Esimweni esinjalo kudingeka udlulise indlovukazi ejele. Esikhathini sezinyosi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa elinye amalitha angu-0.5 amanzi kanye nama-brood nezinyosi.
• Thatha i-honeycomb kusuka ku-insulator egumbini elinamazinga aphezulu okushisa, bese uyinquma ibe yimichilo. Gweba amaqanda amabili, ushiye konke okwesithathu kuphela. Lokhu kwenziwa ekunciphiseni utshwala bomama. Thatha amafreyimu okuxhunyelela okukhethekile, udinga ukunamathisela ama-honeycombs ngaphambi kokusika ube yimichilo kuya kuma-slats abo. Sabalalisa lezi ozimele ukuze zenzeke emndenini womama ngezimele ezijwayelekile.
• Ukuze ukhule izinambuzane, faka amafrimu amathathu ama-queen cells abe yingxenye yama-hive ahlukaniswe ngaphambili. Awekho amaqanda kuwo, ngoba indlovukazi yezinambuzane kuzo ifakwa ngemuva kokuhlukanisa. Ibhokisi lokufakelwa kufanele lifakwe engxenyeni ngayinye yemihlathi. Okulandelayo, umndeni wezinambuzane uzokhula omama, futhi ulethe i-jelly royal. Ungakhohlwa ukushiya enye yezinhlaka zokugoma emndenini womama.
• Ekugcineni kufanele ubeke ezinyosi ezingenalutho. Zithathele ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanye emva kokuba indlovukazi ibekwe esigodini sokuzihlukanisa. Namathisela kwisakhiwo ngasinye se-cell, nakuma-queen-sealed queen cells. Beka imindeni yabazali ngezakhiwo ezimbili. Shiya izindlovukazi zezingqimba kulezi zakhiwo njengempahla ehlukile.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uju uyinambitheka kakhulu futhi enempilo enhle. Funda ngezinhlobo zayo ezidume kakhulu: i-coriander, i-chestnut, i-buckwheat, i-hawthorn, i-espartsetovy, i-rapeseed, i-cypress, i-May, i-sweet, i-white, i-acacia, i-lime ne-phacelia.

Izindlela zemvelo

1. Izinyosi ezizalisayo zendalo - Lena indlela elula yokuzalisa izinyosi zezinyosi, ezinikezwe ngemvelo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umndeni wezinambuzane uguquke ube yi-swarm. Uma udala izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu zokuthungela esidlekeni, le nqubo izosheshiswa kakhulu. Amapulangwe amathathu anama-brood kufanele abekwe esidlekeni, imbobo yokumpompo kufanele ihlanganiswe, futhi akufanele kube khona uhlaka olungenalo ukuhlukaniswa. Ngemuva kwalokho, linda kuze kubekwe amaseli endlovukazi, bese ubeka izendlalelo ezintsha kuzo kanye namafrimu amasha. Ukubeka kwamaseli wenkosikazi akukwazi ukubikezelwa ngokunembile, okuyiyona insalela ecacile yale ndlela. Ezingeni lezintombikazi, futhi, abakwazi ukukhuluma.
2. Enye indlela yemvelo ama-beemaps ama-fistula. Okuyinhloko plus kukhona ukuhoxiswa kwezinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele. Le ndlela okwamanje iyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabezinyosi. Izinambuzane kumele ziphoqelelwe ukuba zihlehlise amaseli wenkosikazi ye-fistula. Khetha umndeni oqinile, thola isibeletho kuwo futhi udlulisele wona kanye namafomu amabili anama-brood emcimbini omusha. Shake izinyosi zibe nayo ozimele eziningana. Uzothola ukufakwa okulungiselelwe okumele kwenziwe endaweni yomuthi ongunaphakade. Izinyosi ezingenakho indlovukazi ezivela esidlekeni esidala kufanele zihlehlise amangqamuzana asezindlovukazi ze-fistulous, kodwa kufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi zikhona kuphela izibungu ezivuthiwe (noma uziqede). Ikhwalithi yamakhosikazi atholakele ingcono kunendlela eyedlule.

Uyazi? Ukuze uthole inkezo eyodwa yobusi, udinga izinyosi ezingu-200 ukusebenza usuku lonke.

I-inference yokufakelwa

Ukuzaliswa kokufakelwa kwezinyosi zezinyosi ngezindlela ezimbili ezilula.

1. Kusukela emndenini onamandla kunazo zonke, thatha uhlaka nge-brood encane namaqanda. Sika imbobo ephezulu 3 ngamasentimitha angu-4. Susa zonke izindonga ezisezantsi bese ushiya izibungu ezimbili. Beka ifreyimu esidlekeni somndeni ongenamkhawulo, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungabheka ithebhu yamaseli wenkosikazi. Qala ukusika ama-queen queen fistulous lapho izinyosi zibeke inani elifanele. Uma ungatholi ama-queen queen, khona-ke kukhona isibeletho esidlekeni, esingalungile. Uzothola izinto ezinempilo ngale ndlela, kodwa sebenzisa ikhalenda yokukhipha izinambuzane.
2. Indlela yesibili isetshenziswa uma befuna ukuthola izinambuzane ezingu-5-10 ngesikhathi esifanayo. Emndenini oqinile, faka indlovukazi e-insulator emibili. Beka lapha ifreyimu ene-brood evuthiwe kanye nohlaka olunezinhlamvu zokubeka. Vala umklamo namafele avela phezulu, amakhosikazi ngeke akwazi ukuphunyuka. Faka i-isolator emndenini phakathi kwe-brood kanye nohlaka. Qala ukwakha i-nucleus, equkethe amafolda amathathu (nge-sushi, uju nama-brood avela ku-insulator), ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Okulandelayo, engeza khona abantu abavela ezigodini eziningana, faka isibeletho kusuka ku-insulator. Thatha ifreyimu nge-brood fresh endlini, uthathe umngcele ophansi ekuqaleni kokuvela izibungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, unethuba lokubeka uhlaka emndenini, kusukela lapho athatha khona indlovukazi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uhlala ukuze uhlole ithebhu bese ususa wonke amangqamuzana amakhosikazi e-fistulous. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ama-royals avele, anqume izindlovukazi, bese uzibuyisela ukuze zivuthwe. Beka kwi-nuclei yabantwana bomama emva kokukhululwa.

Funda incazelo yohlobo lwezinyosi kanye nokwahlukana phakathi kwabo.

Izindlela ezihlala

Izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe futhi ezilula kakhulu zokuhoxiswa kwezinyosi zezintombi esizichazile. Zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaningi bezinyosi zezinyosi. Yonke indlela enye indlela noma enye ngokusekelwe kulezi zindlela. Izindlela ezintsha zingakaze zenziwe ngokusemthethweni, ngakho-ke, azikhuthazwa ukuba abanikazi bezinyosi abaqalayo basebenzise.

Izimo eziyinhloko zokuhoxiswa kwamakhosikazi

Ukuhoxiswa ngempumelelo kwamakhosikazi ekhaya oyidingayo landela imithetho ethile bese wenza izidingo ezidingekayo zezinambuzane.

1. Uma ufuna ukuthola indlovukazi enhle yokuzalanisa, yithenge kuphela kubafuyi bezinyosi abadumile noma ukuzaliswa kwezinyoni zezinyosi ezakhelwe kahle.
2. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, isibeletho kufanele sivunyelwe ukuphumula isonto, sisisuse ezinyosi esebenzayo. Ngemuva kokuphumula, isibeletho singase sikhiqize amaqanda amakhulu.
3. Ezingqayini zezindlovu ezibekiwe kumafolda okuhlanganiswa, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa lika-32 ° C kanye nomswakama okungenani u-75-90%. Sebenzisa i-Aerothermostat ukuze kukhishwe amakhosikazi.
4. Ngokwempela usakaze amangqamuzana asezindlovukazi phakathi kwezinyosi ezahlukene zezinyosi ukuze akhule futhi agcwalise wona nge-royal jelly. Le nqubo yokukhula inconywa ukuba ifeze ingxenye yesifuba, okuzobe sekubekwe eceleni.

Ikhalenda lokuzalisa ubeletha

Njengoba sele ukhethe indlela ethile futhi udala izimo ezidingekile, ngisho nesikhwama sezinyosi se-novice sizokwazi ukususa isibeletho ngokuzimela nangendleko encane. Futhi, ngenxa yekhalenda yokukhipha i-uterine, ungalandela ukuthi yini futhi nini okudingeka ukwenze ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuqhubeka kokuhoxiswa.