I-Viola (pansies) - enye yezitshalo ezivame kakhulu emibhedeni yemifula kanye ne-rabatkah, ethandekayo ngabalimi abaningi. Kungokomndeni we-violet. Futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa i-loggias, ama-balconi, ama-arbors.
Uyazi? AmaGreki namaRoma asendulo ahlobisa igumbi nge-viola ngesikhathi samaholide nangamaqembu e-dinner.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze ujabulele izimbali eziluhlaza, kubalulekile ukunikeza isitshalo ngokunakekelwa okufanele, futhi ukwazi ukubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane ze-viola.
Okuqukethwe:
- Ukuphuza okungalungile
- Ukungahambisani nemithetho yokukhanyisa
- Amaphutha omanyolo
- Ukugula Okumangalisayo Kwezinto Eziphansi
- Indlela yokwelapha i-viola kusuka ku-ascohyte
- Amazolo ka-Mealy ku-viola
- Izimbangela ze-gray mold kanye nokuqedwa kwazo
- Indlela yokuqeda amabala asundu emagqabeni, ukwelashwa kwe-septoria
- I-Phyllosthiasis Pansies
- Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane zezimbali
- I-Pearlescent
- Gallic nematode
- Isibungu se-spider
Amaphutha amakhulu ekunakekeleni imbali
Ukuphuza okungalungile
Okuyingozi kunayo yonke isitshalo kuyoba ukuma eside. Ngakho-ke, i-viola kufanele isetshenziswe, ngaphandle kokulinda kuze kube yilapho umhlabathi usomile ngokuphelele futhi unzima. Kodwa kusukela ekuphuzeni ngokweqile imbali ingaba, njengoba izimpande ziqala ukubola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlabathi evundile, evundile kuyoba yindlela engcono kakhulu. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sizoqhakaza ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokubangela inkathazo enkulu.
Ukungahambisani nemithetho yokukhanyisa
Akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu ye-viola kuyoba indawo evulekile yelanga, njengokungathi kusukela emini imisebe eqondile izimbali cishe ziyophela. Futhi ngokuphambene - endaweni enobumnyama kakhulu, i-viola iyahluma. Izinketho ezifanele kunazo zonke zalesi sitshalo zizoba umthunzi wesikhafu, ezidalwe izihlahla, izitshalo, izicingo zamapulangwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya kwelanga ngokusa nokuhlwa kusihlwa kahle.
Amaphutha omanyolo
Ama-pansies adinga ukondla njalo nge-potash ne-nitrogen fertilizer, okungenani kabili ngesizini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukudla kokuqala entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvela kwefihlekile, okwesibili - ekuqaleni kwezimbali. I-Superphosphate, i-ammonium nitrate inomthelela ngesilinganiso se-20 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. M enhlabathini. Uma kungabikho ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo we-mineral noma inani elinganele, izimbali ziba mncane, noma i-viola ayiqhakaze nhlobo.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukusebenzisa imifino ephilayo, ikakhulukazi umquba.
Ukugula Okumangalisayo Kwezinto Eziphansi
Indlela yokwelapha i-viola kusuka ku-ascohyte
Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-ascochitis (ukutheleleka kwefungal) ye-viola lubukeka ngamabala asundu emagqabeni, anomngcele omnyama obomvu. Lezi zindawo zikhanya ngesikhathi, futhi umzimba wezithelo uhlakulele. Amaqabunga amagciwane asomile ngokushesha, futhi izinhlamvu ezibangelwa izifo zihlala ezitshalweni zezitshalo.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo, i-viola kumele ifakwe ngamalungiselelo okuthutha ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokumbali, futhi ekwindla kuyadingeka ukuba ususe ngokucophelela zonke izinsalela zezitshalo kusukela embhedeni wembali.
Amazolo ka-Mealy ku-viola
I-white powdery plaque emaqabunga e-viola ithi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-powdery isikhutha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, liba mnyama bese liphenduka i-sclerotia emnyama. Ukutheleleka kugxila emaqabungeni nasezimbali eziwile.
Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, izimbali zihlanjululwa nge-sulfur engadini, i-colloidal sulfur, kanye namalungiselelo akhethekile - i-Ordan, i-Skor, i-Horus nabanye ngokusho kwemiyalelo. Njengalapho okwenzekayo ku-ascohitoz, kutholakala izinsalela zezitshalo zokuvuna.
Izimbangela ze-gray mold kanye nokuqedwa kwazo
Ama-pansies awela emswakeni ophezulu, futhi uma kunemba kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, abalimi bazibuza ukuthi benzeni nale nkinga. Amafomu okuqhakaza okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esitshalweni, futhi wona ngokwawo uba yilapho epholile futhi enamanzi okuthinta.
Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamanzi ze "Trichoderdim", "Gliocadin" ngaphambi kokusila.
Uma izimpawu ze-gray mold zifunyanwa, izitshalo ezigulayo ziphonswa kanye nezinsalela zomhlaba, kanti inhlabathi ngaphansi kwalezo ziseduze ithululelwa kakhulu ngamalungiselelo "Alirin-B" kanye "Maxim". Ekubeni, kubalulekile ukususa izinsalela ze-viola ukuze lesi sifo singaqhubeki.
Indlela yokuqeda amabala asundu emagqabeni, ukwelashwa kwe-septoria
Uma izindawo ezibomvu ezinombala obomvu obuncane (ama-5-10 mm) zivela ku-viola, okuyokoma kancane futhi iqhume, ungatholakala ukuthi une-septoriosis.
Ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo, izimbali zihlanjululwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube noma esikhundleni sayo - i-oxychloride yethusi. Njengawo wonke amacala asedlule, izinsalela zezitshalo kufanele zisuswe kusayithi.
I-Phyllosthiasis Pansies
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko saleso sifo ukubonakala kwamabala amakhulu ama-ocher-brownish ne-middle light. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-sclerotia ingabonakala ezinhlangothini zombili zeqabunga. Izitshalo ezithintekile zoma ngokushesha. Njengazo zonke izifo zengqungquthela yegciwane, kudinga ukuhlwithwa kwekwindla kwendawo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela phambili kwazo zonke izifo ze-pansies kuyoba ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezigulayo nokuhlanzwa ngokuphelele endaweni abazitshala ngayo.
Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane zezimbali
I-Pearlescent
Ehlobo, izibungu zamama-pearl, i-nymphalidae, zihlasele i-viola. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele izinambuzane ngebhande elimhlophe elimnyama kumama omnyama (umama-we-pearl) noma umhluku omkhulu ophuzi ngemuva kwe-dash emhlane nasemasontweni (umama omkhulu wehlathi wehlathi). Izinambuzane zidla amaqabunga nezimbali.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokuba khona kwezinambuzane, i-bottomes kufanele ilashwe ngamalungiselelo afanelekile wezinambuzane, isibonelo, i-Iskra-Bio, i-Tsitkor, i-Kinmiks nabanye.
Gallic nematode
Lezi zinambuzane ziphazamisa uhlelo lwempande ye-viola, ngenxa yalokho ama-galls asetshenziselwa izimpande - ukuvuvukala kwama-5-7 mm Kuzo lezo izibungu ezikhulayo, eziza phezulu emhlabathini bese zidla izimbali.
Njengesiyingi sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukutshala isitshalo somhlaba ngamanzi ashiselwe ku-50-55 ° C. Iviki ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kungenzeka ukwengeza i-nitric acid sodium ngesilinganiso sika 150-120 g ngomitha ngamunye we square.
Isibungu se-spider
Ngezikhathi ezinomile, isikhumba sesicabucabu singabangela imbangela yokufa kwe-pansies. Uchitheka isitshalo esibuthakathaka, futhi maduzane emaphethelweni amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi aphephe ngaphakathi kwipayipi.
Ukusiza ukubhekana nale nkinga kuzosiza izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ngokumelene nemikhaza, kufaka phakathi isibabule sensimu, "Siren", "Fufanonnom", "Aktelik", "Talstar".
Ngokuvamile, izincomo eziyinhloko zochwepheshe bezitshalo ziyancipha zibe isidingo sokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokumelene nezinambuzane nezifo ze-viola, futhi uma kungenakwenzeka ukugwema inkinga, lahla ama-specimens abathintekayo ngaphandle kokuzisola.