Unyaka wonke isibamba sokushisa ezimbonini ikuvumela ukuba ukhule izitshalo nezitshalo zeberry ngonyaka.
Zakhiwa yizinkampani zezolimo, amapulazi, abanikazi bezifama ezinkulu ezizimele zasemapulazini.
Ukushisa kwezezimboni: izici
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo zihluka ngobukhulu obujwayelekile obujwayelekile, zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokushisa, okuvumela ukuthi zithole izivuno ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Izakhiwo zokushisa zihlala endaweni ebalulekile futhi, njengomthetho, zinokuphakama okukhulu.
Izakhiwo ezinjalo zingaba multi-tiered kanye multi-storey. Izimo Izwe elide kakhulu Izakhi zokushisa ezakhiwa phansi zakhiwe ngezindonga zokwakha izinto ezinkulu ezisebenzisa kuphela ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo.
Ezinkulu, ezihlome kakhulu izinhlelo zokulandelela nge-elekhthronikhi nobuchwepheshe, izakhiwo zokushisa ezakhiwa phansi Holland.
Indawo ewusizo yalezi zakhiwo iningi amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso amasimu ahlanganisiwe.
Imifino, amajikijolo nezimbali akhule lapha hhayi kuphela enhlabathini, kodwa ngezindlela hydroponics.
Khona-ke lezi zitshalo zitshalwe endaweni yokwenza izinto ezibuhlungu ezifana ne-glass wool.
Lezi zinto zihlinzekwa ngamaminerali namanzi, okhethwe ngabanye kumasiko ngamunye. Lolu buchwepheshe luvumela isivuno esikhulu kakhulu.
Ngokuba isi-Dutch greenhouse complexes Imishini ekhethekile ikhiqizwa ukushisa, ukuchelela, ukuchelela, ukukhulelwa.
Ezakhiweni ezinjalo yenza uhlelo lokushisa oluthile lokushisa nokushisa, uhlelo lokushisa luhlinzekela ukukhiqizwa nokunikezwa kwendawo i-carbon dioxideokuyinto edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinqubo zezitshalo zamasimini emini. Izithombo zokugcina zokudoba zaseDutch zinikezwa amakhasimende emhlabeni jikelele.
Amabhizinisi aseRussia Ukwazi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza entshonalanga yezokugcina izitshalo.
Imikhiqizo yaseRussia ibiza abalimi namakhasimende ngabanye okuningi eshibhile ukungeniswa, ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi wendawo asebenza ekukhiqizeni izindawo zokugcina izakhiwo zasemapulazini, azenze zivumelane nezimo zezulu zezifunda.
Ivolumu enkulu zokugcina izitshalo ikuvumela ukuba ukhule izitshalo ezigodini, ama-pallets alenga, usebenzisa amathayi amaningana. Inombolo ye "phansi" incike ekuphakameni kwezitshalo. Ezakhiweni zokushisa zenziwe ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo, okuvumela izitshalo ukuthi zithole ukukhanya okwengeziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla ekwephuzile, kanye nasebusika.
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo - isithombe:
Amamodeli akhiqizwa kakhulu
Amabhizinisi amakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda Of Russia ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi ajwayelekile ezindawo zokugcina zokugcina izitshalo nezimboni. Bakha uchungechunge lwamaphrojekthi futhi banikeze umthengi ukhetho olukhulu lwemikhiqizo.
Yiziphi izindlu zokugcina izitshalo? Kuneziningana izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo ngoba umlimi:
- umhubhe;
- multitone ngegalari;
- uvimbela isikhathi esiningi;
- izikhungo zasadini.
Abalimi nabalimi bajabulela ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi nabanikazi beziza ezizimele. imigudu yokugcina izithombo. Lolu chungechunge lwenziwe ngabakhiqizi abesebenzisa amakhodi wokwakha asekhona e-Russia.
Izitezi zokugcina izitshalo zikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwefilimu futhi ngaphansi kwe-polycarbonate, umklamo usebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zohlaka. Isigaba sendawo yokugcina izithombo singagcwaliswa, "Gothic", "ngezindleko eziqondile" futhi "izindonga eziqondile ziqinisiwe." Ububanzi bendawo yokwakha abamba ukushisa Amamitha angu-3.5-12.
Uchungechunge "Umlimi"
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo "Umlimi" eklanyelwe ngenhlonipho SNiP 2.10.04-85, zihloselwe ukulima izimboni, amajikijolo nezithombo. Uhlaka lwe-greenhousehouse epulazini luhlangene kusuka kuphrofayili ehlanganisiwe kuma-bolts.
Ama-trusses ahlanganiswe athathwa ndawonye ngamapulangwe aqondile. Ingxenye yezakhiwo zokushisa eziluhlaza (greenhouse buildings) yimizimba emincane (i-arched) noma ikhonjiswe ("Gothic").
Ubukhulu bemithombo yokugcina izitshalo "Umlimi":
Ukuphakama kumamodeli ahlukahlukene kulolu chungechunge 3-4 amamitha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukhule izitshalo ezide nezitshalo ezincane, ubeke izithombo emahlathini.
Izithombo zokugcina zolu chungechunge ziphakanyiswe kunoma isiphi isisekelo noma phansi, lapho izimila zikhokhwe khona. Ububanzi besakhiwo buvela 3.5 kuya kumamitha angu-7.7. Iphakheji eyisisekelo lihlanganisa amasango amabili, aphakanyiswa ekugcineni kwesakhiwo sokushisa. Ngesicelo somthengi, ama-wind events angafakwa ngokungeziwe.
Izithombo zokugcina zimbozwa i-polycarbonate yeselula ebonakalayo. Ikhasimende lingakhetha ukwanda kwe-polycarbonate - 6 mm (kunconyiwe), 8 mm noma 10 mm. I-Polycarbonate ihlanganiswe nezibopho ezikhethekile ze-poly-fasten, futhi impahla yokumboza ifakwe ezindongeni zokugcina ezinezikhonkwane zekhoneni. Esikhathini sokushisa "Umlimi" imifino ingatshalwa unyaka wonke.
Ungaqala kanjani ukwakha?
- Ukukhethwa kwendawo.
- Ukukhethwa nokubhalwa kwephrojekthi.
- Izinto zokwakha
- Ukushisa izithombo zokugcina.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukuze uthole okuningi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho, udinga ukulungile. ukuqondisa isakhiwo.
KUBALULEKILE: Isimo esihle kakhulu sokwakhiwa kwesibhakabhaka eside sezindawo eziseNingizimu eningizimu 60° - kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zezwe, kunconywa ukuba uqalise izakhiwo zokushisa zokushisa ezivela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga.
Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitshalo ziqala ngokukhethwa kwesayithi. Kufanele kube ngephutha ngisho (umthamo omncane ka-0.04% uvunyelwe). Uma kuneziphepho zomoya esifundeni, izihlangu ezengeziwe nezicingo kufanele zakhiwe ukunciphisa isivinini somoya. Bazovikela lesi sakhiwo kusuka ezinqabweni zeqhwa ezisekelwe phansi.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhwaqhwa kweqhwa nezimvula ezinkulu, isayithi akufanele liqoqe amanzi, okuzoshisa ukushisa futhi ubhubhise isisekelo. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitshalo kufanele zicabange ngokusinika ngamanzi. Umhlaba kufanele ube evundileUkwengeza, ukuthola izithelo ezinhle, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zomhlabathi, umanyolo wemvelo nokufakelwa.
Ukukhethwa nokubhalwa kwephrojekthi
Ngaphambi kokwakha i-greenhouse, umlimi nomnikazi wepulazi yangasese kudingeka banqume ukuthi uzokwenzani ehlobo nasebusika. Ngenxa yalokho, izohlanganiswa umdwebo wokushisa epulazinikanye nohlu lwezidingo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ekwakheni isakhiwo esinomthwalo wemfanelo, esizosebenza iminyaka, kungcono ukuthembela ochwepheshe. Emafenjini akhethekile, amakhasimende anikezwe ukukhetha kwezinhlelo eziningi ezenziwe ngomumo ezihambisana nezifiso zabo. Lapha ungathenga ukushisa okwenziwe ngomumo okungahle kuhlanganiswe futhi ukuyibeke phezu kwesisekelo. Njengomthetho, amabhizinisi anikezela ngamasevisi wokufaka.
Imiklamo nemidwebo yezakhiwo zokugcina izitshalo:
Izinto zokwakha
Indlela yokwakha isibamba sokushisa ezimbonini? Ukuze i-greenhouse isebenze iminyaka eminingi, kufanele ihambisane isisekelo. Isisekelo sikuvumela ukuba uqonde ngokuqinile isakhiwo, kuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi angaphandle, ukuvikela indawo ehlwanyelwe ukhula.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezitshalo zokugcina ezincane zezimboni ezifanelekile. isisekelo - ku-stilts, block, point, slab, isitini. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo ezinkulu, ngokuvamile zenza isisekelo sekhonkrithi, njalo zingasebenzisi izingodo.
Uhlaka
Izindawo zokugcina izitshalo zasemapulazini nezimboni zisebenzisa ifreyimu ehlala njalo ifomu noma i-gable ifomu. Ifreyimu iqoqiwe kusuka kuphrofayli yesikhwama, kusuka kwiphubhu yephrofayela noma kusukela ekhoneni.
Uhlaka lwe-Hat luyashesha futhi kulula ukuhlangana, kodwa lo mklamo ayikwazi ukuma isithwathwa esinzima seqhwa. Uma unquma ukwakha izithombo zokugcina epulazini kusuka kumbhobho wephrofayela, khona-ke uhlaka lungagudluzwa. Ipayipi inomkhakha ojikelezayo noma wesigcawu. Lo mklamo awuhambisani nesisindo esinzima seqhwa.
Okuhle kakhulu uhlaka kusukela ekhoneni (iphrofayli yekhoneni). Ihlanganiswe ngamabhodlela, ngaphandle kokudonsa, iphrofayli igxiliwe futhi ingasebenza iminyaka eminingi. Le design ingamelana nesisindo seqhwa. kuze kube ngu-100 kg imitha yendawo ngayinye.
Uhlaka luhlelwe esisekelweni. Ukuze uthole amandla, sebenzisa amabhotela we-anchor noma izigxobo zangaphambi. Le ntaba izohlinzeka ngokwanele ukuqina futhi amandlakanti umahluko phakathi komthamo wokushisa wezinto zokwakha ngeke ube negalelo ekukhuliseni kwesakhiwo ekushiseni okukhulu nakubanda.
Ifreyimu kungenzeka aluminium. Kodwa ukwakhiwa kwe-aluminium kuyokwenza ukubola ngaphansi kwethonya lemimoya neqhwa elinzima.
Ukushisa okushisa ezimbonini - iphrojekthi:
Ukumboza impahla
Njengoba kusetshenziswe izinto zokumboza:
- i-polycarbonate yeselula;
- ingilazi;
- ifilimu yeplastiki.
I-Polycarbonate yeselula
Njengamanje, izinto ezithandwa kakhulu zihlanganisa polycarbonate yeselula. Kulula ukuyifaka, inokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni, ayifuni ukushaywa ngengozi ephuthumayo. Lezi zinto ngeke ziphulwe ngisho nesichotho esinamandla.
Imboni yangaphandle iveza polycarbonate yeselula ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene (kusuka ku-3.2 kuya ku-25 mm) nokwakhiwa. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina zasebusika ezenziwe nge-polycarbonate, zisebenzisa izinto ezivela ku-3.2 kuya ku-6 mm ubukhulu. I-polycarbonate engafanele isetshenziselwa izakhiwo zokushisa nezitshalo zokugcina izithombo. I-coefficient yokudlulisa ukukhanya ixhomeke ebukhulu beshidi futhi ihlukahluka 62% kuze kube 83%.
I-Glass
I-coefficient yokudlulisa ukukhanya kweglasi ingaphezulu (88-92% for ingilazi yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene). Izakhiwo zokushisa zingahle zifakwe ngefasitela kanye nefasitela lokushisa, elinamandla kakhulu. Izitshalo zokugcina izitshalo zaseDutch zimbozwa ngokubukeka okukhethekile. float. Leli gilasi liphonswa efomini eliqedile, okwandisa amandla alo.
Ifilimu ye-polyethylene
Ifilimu Izindlu zokugcina zokugcina izitshalo ziye zasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kodwa le ndaba inezimo eziningana. Ifilimu kunzima ukulungisa ngaphandle kokulimaza. Imimoya ilula le ifilimu, iqala ukufakaza futhi iphule, ngenxa yalokho okumele iguqulwe. Izakhiwo zokugcina izitshalo ezisemapulazini ngaphansi kwefilimu, ezitholakala ezindaweni ezinomoya oqinile, kufanele zenzeke njalo ngonyaka.
Amafilimu efilimu epulazi - isithombe:
Ukushisa
Ngokuba Ukushisa Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo ebusika zakha uphethiloli oqinile, ugesi, ama-gas boilers nama-boilers aphethwe ngamafutha. Ayikho ukushisa amanzi, ehamba phakathi kwamapayipi, aqhutshelwa eceleni kwesigcawu sakhiwo, futhi ngaphansi kwesitezi sawo, agcwalisa ama-radiators. Ngakho-ke, kokubili umoya nomhlabathi ziyashisa.
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo zingashiswa ngomoya ofudumele Ukushisa imishini. Igumbi liyashisa ngokushesha, kodwa ngemva kokuvala imishini, izinga lokushisa liyehla ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlabathi awushisi.
Ukushisa ukugcina izithombo zokulima epulazini ongayisebenzisa abashayeli be-infrared PLEN. Amaphakheji asethempelini aphakanyiswe ngaphansi kwelayili; ngesikhathi somsebenzi wabo, umhlaba, izitshalo nezici zesakhiwo ziyashisa, kodwa hhayi umoya.
Imisebe engasebenzi isebenza njengemisebe yelanga. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungena emoyeni. Lolu hlobo lokushisa zokugcina izitshalo zezimboni othandekayokodwa kakhulu ngempumelelo, izitshalo zizwa kahle emisebeni ye-infrared futhi zinikeza isivuno esikhulu.
KUBALULEKILE: Kuzo zokugcina izitshalo zokushisa kufanele kube ukushisa okufanayo kuwo wonke amaphuzu ekamelweni.
Isiphetho
Izindlu zokugcina izitshalo ikuvumele ukuba uthole isivuno esikhulu endaweni encane. Ikhwalithi kanye nenani lemikhiqizo ehlwanyelwe ayincike kakhulu esimweni sezulu, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zivame kakhulu.
