Yini izihlahla ezisesendleleni ephakathi nendawo - izihlahla eziqinile futhi ezinesibindi

Isihlahla esivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yeYurophu nezwe uphayini. Akuthandwa kangako ama-spruce ajwayelekile nefashini emhlophe. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu yensimu ihlalwa izitshalo eziqabulayo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla ezweni, udinga ukuzijwayeza izinhlobo nezinhlobo zazo.

Yiziphi izihlahla ezikhula ehlathini

Yiziphi izihlahla ezikhula ezihlathini ezihlanganayo nezizixubile ziyindaba yabantu abaningi. Emahlathini aseRussia aqukethe izingqimba, ezihlala ku-70% wendawo yezwe, kuyabhekwa amazinga okushisa aphansi nomswakama ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, lapha abamele abaphambili yi-spruce, i-pine, i-larch. Emahlathini aqobayo asuka engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe aze afike eziNtabeni zase-Ural, kukhula ama-maple, nama-linden. Emahlathini axubekile eRussia ungahlangana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla: i- poplar, uphayini, i-spruce, i-linden, i-oak, i-elm shrub.

Ukusabalalisa isihlahla epaki

Izinhlobo zezihlahla

Zonke izihlahla zihlukaniswe zaba ngama-coniferous and deciduous. Abamele abahlukahlukene beConifers banezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• kubhekwa njengolokhu kuhlale kukhalwa, kuhluma eCentral Russia ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinomswakama;
• zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe;
• abe nesiqu esisodwa, asuka kuwo amagatsha;
• ibe namaqabunga abukeka njengezinaliti;
• Izithelo ezingama-coniferous zingama-cone; imbewu elandelayo yenziwa kuyo.

Izinga lokuphakama liyahlukahluka cishe kumamitha ayi-50. Izihlahla ezinesibindi esifundeni saseMoscow nezinye izindawo zaseRussia zakhiwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kunokuqhathaniswa namazinga wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. I-Hardwood itholakala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. Izinhlobo zezihlahla ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa:

• izingane ezincane;
• ububanzi
• ama-evergreens;
• onqumayo.

Izitshalo ezinjalo zinokuphila isikhathi esifushane, ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-200. Ubukhulu bawo buhluka ngaphakathi kwama-35 m.

Izihlahla ezinqobayo zaseRussia

Izihlahla ezingamahlathi anqabisayo zifaka i-linden, i-birch, i-oki, i-elm. Izimila ezinjalo zitholakala emahlathini axubekile kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Linden

ILinden ingeyoqembu lesitshalo.

Umuthi omkhulu we-linden phakathi nenkambu

Ngokwendawo, ihluma engxenyeni yezwe yaseYurophu. Izinkomba zokuphakama zifinyelela kumamitha angama-40. Umqhele we-linden unesimo esiyindilinga, ubukhulu ungakhuphuka ufike kumamitha angama-20. Lokhu kunikeza isihlahla ubukhosi. Amaqabunga ahlelwe kuma-petioles amade ngokulandelana okulandelayo. Ipuleti leshidi linesakhiwo esimile kanye ne-tint ephuzi. Ukuqhakaza kwamalinden kuqala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, isikhathi sawo sifinyelela kumaviki amabili.

Oak

I-Oak ingeka-subspecies ama-Bukovs. Ikhula engxenyeni eseMpumalanga Yurophu yaseRussia. Isitshalo sihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi. Ubude bawo bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-60, kanti ububanzi besiqu bugcinwa cishe kumamitha ayi-2. I-oki inomqhele oyindilinga, iyenze ibe nkulu futhi ibanzi. Amagxolo esihlahla anombala ompunga; lapho ukhula, iba mnyama. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-500.

I-Oak ihlukaniswa uhlelo oluyimpande olunezimpande, amaqabunga awo anemiphetho eyindilinga ehlukile nolunye uhlelo.

Isihlahla se-Elm

I-Elms - izihlahla ezikhula ngokuqinile, ezikhula zasendle, zifinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Kulesi simo, ububanzi besiqu benyuka bufika kumamitha ayi-2 lapho bukhula. Ngezinye izikhathi i-elm ivela ngesimo sezihlahla. Umqhele wesitshalo uvame ukuba nobume bokuphamba, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ubuye bube nokuyindilinga. U-Elm uphila iminyaka eyi-120. Emlandweni, amacala esikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-400 asebhalwe phansi.

Isihlahla seBirch

IBirch ikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho nezisenkabeni yezwe. Lesi sitshalo sikulungele ukukhula ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. IBirch ikhula ize ibe ngu-40 m ukuphakama, ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-150. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga alesi sitshalo kuyindilinga nangamaphethelo weSyera. I-inflorescence ngesimo samacici abunjiwe. IBirch ayikhethi ngezimo ezikhulayo, ngakho ungasebenzisa isihlabathi, ubumba, amatshe ukuyitshala.

Lonely birch enkabeni yensimu eluhlaza

Conifers of Russia

Izinhlobo zeConiferous zihlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza: i-spruce, umsedari, uphayini, i-larch. Lezi izihlahla zaseRussia ezinamaqabunga amise okwenaliti nezithelo ngendlela yama-cones.

Spruce

I-spruce evamile ingatholakala kuyo yonke iRussia Federation. Izinkomba ezimaphakathi zokuphakama kwawo zifinyelela kumamitha angama-35. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo zitholakala futhi ziphakeme, kuze kufike kumamitha angama-50. I-Spruce inomqhele obunjiwe, oqala cishe ngasisekelo sawo. Isiqu sesitshalo sinobukhulu obulinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-1,3. I-Spruce ikhula emahlathini angama-coniffort aze afike eminyakeni engama-300. Ama-Hare feed kuma-fir cones; ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, aqala ukudansa azungeze isiqu futhi aqoqe imbewu ewile. ISpruce ibhekwa njengophawu oluphambili lwamaholide oNyaka oMusha, ebusika, amagatsha awo aluhlaza embozwe ngeqhwa neqhwa.

Umuthi ubonakala ngezinalithi ezicwebezelisiwe, ubude bawo buhluka phakathi kwamasentimitha amane. Umthunzi wawo uluhlaza. Uma i-spruce ikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile, khona-ke ukugatsha kwayo kuqala cishe ezansi.

Isihlahla sikaphayini

Umndeni wePine uthathwa njengomuntu ohlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwamaConifers (afika eminyakeni engama-800). Ukuphakama kukaphayini kufinyelela kumamitha angama-50 ukuphakama, ububanzi besiqu bude bufika kumamitha ayi-1. Ukuqala amagatsha kuqala ebangeni le-2 m ukusuka kusisekelo somuthi. Iphinifa libonakaliswa yigrey grey, embozwe imifantu ehlakaniphile. Umqhele usesimweni sephiramidi. Kunamaqhugwane ezinaliti emagatsheni, ngalinye lifinyelela ku-15 cm ubude.Imbewu idla izinyoni ebusika nasehlobo, ukuze ithole inyamazane, izinyoni kufanele zithulele phansi futhi ngokucophelela ziye indlela ebheke kuyo.

Iphayinayi livame ukusetshenziswa emithini yabantu. Izinso zakhe ezingaphikiswa ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini, amafutha abalulekile nama-tannins. Lezi zinto zisiza ukubhekana nezifo eziningi ezingamahlalakhona.

Umsedari

Umsedari uyisitshalo esihlala sikhula esifinyelela ku-40 m ukuphakama. Ububanzi besiqu sawo bufika kumamitha ayi-2 Ngokwesilinganiso, umsedari uhlala iminyaka engaba ma-500.

Umqhele wesihlahla unokwakheka kwama-vertex amaningi. Izinaliti ezifika ku-16 cm ubude zikhula emagatsheni.Izigaxa zomsedari zibunjiwe ngeqanda, ubude bazo bufika ku-13 cm. Isigaxa ngasinye siqukethe izithelo zomsedari ezifika ku-140. Izinsalela zezimbewu zondla izinyoni. Bazigcinela ubusika ukusinda iqhwa. Abantu bagcina izithelo zomsedari. Basiza ukubhekana nezifo eziningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha igatsha ukulihlikihla, ulisike kancane bese uqoqa izithelo eziwile emhlabathini.

Isikhumba

I-Larch yisihlahla esingatholakala e-Urals nasezifundeni ezishisayo zezwe.

Izithelo ezivuthiwe kumagatsha e-larch

Ukuphakama kwezitshalo 50 m, ukwakheka komqhele kuyabonakala. I-larch encane inegxolo elibushelelezi, umuntu omdala unamakhuba kuyo. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwesitshalo yiminyaka engama-500. Izinaliti z larch zine-grey coating, emagatsheni amancanyana ikhula ngamaqhubu.

Izinhlobo zesihlahla eseningizimu

Izihlahla zaseningizimu zibonakaliswa ukumelana okuhle nesomiso, imvula enkulu. Lezi zitshalo zikhula ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Uhlu lwezihlahla lubandakanya i-poplar, umuthi we-apricot, ikypypress, isamba. Zikhula ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo noma ezindlini zasehlobo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.

UCypress

I-cypress uhlobo lohlobo oluhlala lukhula njalo. I-cypress yisihlahla esidla isikhathi eside esikhula sifinyelele kumamitha angama-25. Isitshalo singathatha isimo sesihlahla size sifike kumamitha ayi-2. Ukukhula okuyinhloko kwe-cypress kwenzeka eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyuka ngamasentimitha ambalwa njalo ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuphila seCypress sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-2000. Isiqu saso siqondile noma sigwetshwe kancane, amagxolo abushelelezi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi athola isakhiwo esicijile. Amacembe esitshalo anesikali.

Acacia

I-acacia emhlophe isitshalo esingokwaluphi uhlobo lweBean futhi sikhula eningizimu. I-acacia ingaba yi-shrubby ne-Woody. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha angama-30, ububanzi besiqu bude bufika kumamitha ayi-2. Acacia inomqhele obanzi, osabalalela amamitha amaningi. Amaqabunga esihlahla mide, phakathi kwama-25 cm, angaphefumulelwe. Izithelo zesitshalo zingabhontshisi ezinobude obungafika ku-6 cm. Ngayinye yazo iqukethe imbewu engaba ngu-8. Ukuvuthwa kwabo kuqala maphakathi no-Septhemba.

IPyramidal Poplar

I-pyramidal poplar ingeyomndeni wakwaWillow. Ubude bawo buhluka phakathi kwamamitha angama-40, kanti isiqu sifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1 m. I-Poplar inomqhele we-pyramidal, ukuqhakaza kwayo kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kanye nasekupheleni kukaMashi. Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka engama-300. I-Poplar inegxolo elibushelelezi elimpunga, uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kwe-poplar kushesha ngokwanele. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo anombala wedayimane, futhi izimbali zawo zihlanganiswa zibe amakati amade.

Isihlahla somlotha

U-Ash ubhekisele ezihlahleni eziqatha. Ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-40. Ukwakheka komqhele kuzungezwe, amagatsha esihlahla aqondiswa phezulu.

Isihlahla somlotha we-Lone ngomqhele oyindilinga

Umgqomo unesimo cylindrical. Amaqabunga e-Ash amelela i-inflorescence yamaqabunga amancane ayi-10-15 wombala oluhlaza. Izithelo zesitshalo, i-lionfish, zikhula zibe ngu-5 cm. Okokuqala zine-tint eluhlaza, bese ziphenduka zibe nsundu. Izimbali ziqala entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokulala isikhathi eside ebusika.

Sumy

ISumakh olenerogy inelinye igama - isihlahla seviniga. Lesi isitshalo esingokwengxenye yeSumakhov. Okokuqala ngqa, lesi sitshalo, ngokwe-encyclopedia yezihlahla, savela endaweni eseNyakatho Melika. ISumakh ibukeka njengesundu. Umqhele waso uyahluma, isambulela, amaqabunga ahlakazekile. Isiqu sinombala onsundu. Amaqabunga abomvu.

I-Russia yizwe elihle elinezimila ezahlukahlukene. Ezikhala zayo ezivulekile ungathola izihlahla ezi-cliifurative, eziqinile. Ngayinye yazo inezimpawu zayo, osayizi kanye nesikhathi sokuphila. Izitshalo eziningi zisetshenziswa emithini yesintu ngokuhlangana namakhambi ahlukahlukene kanye ne-cosmetology ekwelapheni ama-pathologies abesifazane nowesilisa. Amagama wazo zonke izihlahla ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama angabonakala kwizikhombisi ezikhethekile, lapho kuchazwa khona izici zawo ezinemininingwane.