Akwanele ukutshala isitshalo seqanda futhi uthole isivuno esihle. Endleleni eya kulaba balimi abalinde ukuhlolwa okuningi.
Lapho ukhula izithombo kukhona ingozi yokulahlekelwa yizinto zonke, ukuhlanekezela amaqabunga - lena ingozi ekulindele ukuba ukhule le mifino enempilo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezizathu zokubukeka kwayo nezindlela zokubhekana nazo esihlokweni sethu.
Ukubukeka kwamaqabunga aqhekekile
Umuntu ongenalwazi uyokwakha ngokushesha kunzima ukunqumaukuthi izithombo zakhe zezitshalo zeqanda zaqala ukushintsha amaqabunga.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele nakanjani ulalelisise futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngemuva kokuqala kokusolisayo. Kusukela ekuqaleni, amaqabunga aqala ukukhanya kancane, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo. Emva kwalokho, kumele siqale ukuthola imbangela futhi sithathe isenzo.
Khona-ke baqala ukugqabhula izindawo ezimpunga bese boma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-curls wephepha. Lokhu kwenzeka ukubopha iqabunga kusuka emaphethelweni alo kuya enkabeni. Khona-ke amaqabunga ayomile ngokuphelele futhi awe phansi. Ukuze ungangeni kulezi zigaba, kungcono ukuthatha isinyathelo ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo.
Ukuze kucaciswe, sinikeza izithombe ezimbalwa:
Kungani izitshalo zeqanda seziqabunga?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuphikisa amaqabunga ezithombo zezitshalo seqanda. Kodwa ngokubanzi bangahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: imishini kanye nezizathu okuhlobene nezinambuzane.
Esinye sezizathu zeqembu lokuqala imodi yokunisela engalungile, kumele kulungiswe, futhi unake izinga lemanzi ngokwayo. Akufanele kube ne-potassium eningi.
Isizathu sesibili sithi: ukungabi nokukhanya, kungabangela nokuthi amaqabunga okuqala aphephe. Kodwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukubeka amahlumela amancane ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kukhona ingozi yezithombo ezishiswayo, ukukhanya kufanele kuhlukaniswe futhi kulinganiswe.
Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kunganele, kungabangela izimpande zibole. Lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi i-blackleg, futhi senza ukuthi ama-cotyledon ashicike.
Ilungele kahle kakhulu noma ngamanye amazwi, ukuqina kubangela ukungabi namaminerali futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga aqala ukushintsha isimo.
Lezi zizathu zihlobene nokunakekelwa nezimo zangaphandle, kodwa kunezinye izizathu.
Phakathi kwezizathu akukhona nje kuphela ukugcizelela, okuhambisana nokunakekelwa okungalungile, kodwa futhi kubangelwa izinambuzane ezinonya.
Izinambuzane ezifana ne-leaflet, aphid, spider mite, thrips, whitefly zibangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nezithombo bese kubangela ukuphikisana.
Izindlela zokulawula
Uma amaqabunga ezitshalo elula, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela amaqabunga. Sebenzisa kangcono i-flashlight. Ngakho-ke, ungathola isicabucabu, isitha esikhulu sama-eggplants amancane. Lapha ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali asekhaya akakwazi ukwenza.
Ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo esincane ngamakhemikhali kungcono ukwenza isisombululo sesephu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza isixazululo bese usula kahle zonke amaqabunga. Ngeke ukulimaze izithombo, kodwa ukuze inkathazo imvelo yokuphila iyobe ingenakubekezelelwa.
Insipho ingcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa umnotho, elula.
Isixazululo esifanayo seseva singasebenza empini yokulwa nama-aphid. Ukubukeka kwalo kungabangela nokuphikisana. Uma imbangela yalesi sifo kwakungumenzi weqabunga, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuyadingeka.
Ngeke futhi kube okungadingekile umquba oqukethe i-phosphorus. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukulingana kwenani lomhlabathi, kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi apheli phansi, kodwa futhi ayidluli ngaphandle kokuyeka, ukuhlanza zonke izinto eziwusizo enhlabathini.
Uma inhlabathi ikhululekile kakhulu, kufanele ihlanganiswe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo awukwazi ukuyiqeda, okwenza kube mnandi kakhulu, kulokhu, amanzi azoqhubeka nokuphumula futhi kuzodingeka enze ukukhishwa okwengeziwe.
Uma kwenzeka inhlabathi inamanzi noma i-acidic, khona-ke kulokhu, ukuchelela okunamandla ngamanzi abilisiwe abilisiwe kuzosiza.
Ngakho-ke, wonke usawoti owedlulele uyohlanzwa futhi umhlaba uzothola ukwakheka kokungathathi hlangothi.
Ukukhula kwezitshalo zeqanda kuyinkinga. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningi ezingathinta ukukhula kwayo.
Isitshalo seqanda ngokuvamile isitshalo esingenasisekelo futhi sidinga okuthile okuhlangenwe nakho. Ngakho-ke, yiba nesineke, futhi inhlanhla ngeke ikushiye, inhlanhla kanye namaqabunga amahle.
Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ejikeleza izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda, yini okufanele yenziwe nokuthi ungayisindisa kanjani?
Izinto eziwusizo
Funda ezinye izihloko mayelana nokukhula nokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda:
- Izindlela ezehlukene zokulima: ezibhebhethini ze-peat, enkonzweni nasemaphepheni angasese.
- Zonke izici zokuhlwanyela ngokwezikhalenda zenyanga.
- Imithetho yegolide yokukhula kusuka enzalweni.
- Izici zokulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia: ema-Urals, eSiberia nasesifundazweni saseMoscow.
- Amabhodi okulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukudla okufanele nokukhethwa kwezinhlanzi ezincane.
