I-Western or Californian flower thrips iyinambuzane eyingozi kakhulu esakazeka ensimini enkulu yaseRussia, kusukela emngceleni osentshonalanga kuya ezindaweni zaseSiberia naseCaucasia.
Kuyingozi hhayi nje ngoba cishe i-omnivorous futhi ibhubhisa izitshalo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, izihlahla ezithela izithelo, nezitshalo zemifino, kodwa futhi zingasebenza njengeziphathekayo zezifo eziningi eziyingozi.
Kulesi sigaba, ama-thrips aseCalifornia abonakala ezitshalweni ezingaphezu kuka-250.
Incazelo ye-Pest
I-thrips yaseCalifornia iluhlu lwezinambuzane okuvame ukubhekana nokuqothula kwezitshalo nokuqapha kwe-phytosanitary. Izibungu zalo zivame ukutholakala ezinqwabelweni zokudla nezimbali ezithengiswayo.
Ukubukeka
Izwe lakubo le-flower thrips lasentshonalanga libhekwa North and Central Americalapho usakaze khona kulo lonke izwe kusuka Mexico futhi kuya ku-alaska. Kwaqala kuqala eCalifornia, ngakho-ke yazuza igama layo. Kodwa-ke, lapho bacabanga ukuthi ekuqaleni kwalethwa nemikhiqizo yembali kusuka kwelinye lamazwe aseNingizimu Melika.
Umuntu omdala ubude 1.4-2.0 mm. Umzimba omncane, umbala ungahluka kusuka ophuzi okhanyayo, umnyama omnyama. Inhloko iphuzi. Amaphiko abukeka, aphelile. Ama-Larvae afana nokubonakala kubantu abadala, noma kunjalo, bancane kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi banombala ogqamile.
Siza! Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweCalifornia nezinye izinhlobo ze-thrips yizinhlobonhlobo zembala yezinye izingxenye zomzimba nesakhiwo esihlukile (isakhiwo esihlukene se-antennae nesetae, ubude obuhlukile). Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, izinhlobo zingatholakala ngaphansi kwezimo ze-laboratory ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
I-thrips yaseCalifornia ichitha ubusika efudumele ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse - Abantu abadala bafihliwe nge-plant debris, izibungu - emhlabathini. Ubusika emhlabathini ovulekile kungenzeka ezindaweni ezifudumele. Entwasahlobo, emva kokutshala izithombo, izinambuzane zihlasela.
Amantombazane abeka amaqanda phezulu kwesibalo kanye nemigodi emaqabungeni adalwe. Ngenyanga, udle isitshalo, i-thrips ingahle ihlehlise amaqanda angama-300. Le mali inganyuka uma inambuzane idla i-pollen.
Izibungu ezitshisiwe zidlulisela izigaba ezimbili zentuthuko esitshalweni, ziyidla, bese zihamba emhlabathini. Ngokuphelele, ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwekoloni eyodwa ye-California thrips ithatha izinsuku ezingu-15-21. Izimo ezihle ngonyaka owodwa zingase zivele kusukela ezizukulwaneni ezingu-12 kuya ku-15.
Isithombe se-Western California Flower Thrips:
Iziphi izitshalo ezidlayo?
I-Western flower thrips - inkathazo yephrofayela enkulu. Ushaya ukotini, umnsalo, ikhukhamba, pepper, utamatisi, ama-strawberries, i-peach, amagilebhisi futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezitshalo zemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zihlaselwa: roses, ama-cyclamens, ama-chrysanthemums, i-gerberas nokunye
Iyiphi inkathazo eyingozi yezitshalo
Ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo i-stain ephuzi ivele, emaphethelweni amabi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la mabala ahlanganisa ndawonye. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwamahlumela abonakele, awela.
Phakathi nokutheleleka okukhulu kwe-California thrips, izindawo ezibhujiswa zibonakala ngokucacile, kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwezitshalo zezitshalo ezithathelwanayo, ukulibaziseka nokuguqulwa kokukhula kwamahlumela amancane.
Ukudla kwemifino yezinso kuholele ekuphazanyeni nasekuphambeni kwezimbali. Ukulimala kwesi-Californian thrips efihlekile akudalwanga futhi kuyomile. Ukudla impova akuvumeli lesi sitshalo ukuba sakha izimbali ezigcwele.
Ukulimala komzimba kubonakala nakwezithelo izitshalo. Ngakho Imivimbo ye-silvery ivela pepper enhle, ama-strawberries ashintsha umbala, ukuma kwamakhukhamba ukuguquka kanye nemifino zikhubazekile, izimbobo zivela phezu kwetamatisi.
Ngaphezu kokubhujiswa kwamahlumela, inkathazo uyithwala wesifo segciwaneezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Okuvamile kakhulu utamatisi obonakele.
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokutheleleka - amabala aphuzi aphuzi kumahlamvu, izingcezu ze-stem zithola umthunzi omnyama. Ukuze udlulisele ukutheleleka ekutheni udinga ukudla isitshalo imizuzu engama-30.
Izici zokulawula izinambuzane
Ukubhujiswa kwamakhemikhali kunzima ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. OkokuqalaLezi zinambuzane ezincane kakhulu futhi ezifihlakeleyo, futhi ngokuvamile zifihla emahlathini, amaqabunga, izimbali, ngaphansi kwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqondile kwamakhemikhali.
OkwesibiliEMelika, lapho avela khona, i-thrips yaseCalifornia yavikeleka kakhulu ezinambuzaneni eziningi. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo, lapho lesi sinambuzane sisebenza khona kaningi, amakhemikhali aphikisayo awahambisani nama-anti-insect agents.
Manje ukubhujiswa kwemifino thrips kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:
- Imishini - Izitshalo ezingase zihlasele izinambuzane zidinga ukumbozwa ngenetha elihle ngamaseli amancane. Wavimbela iwindi neminyango;
- Agrotechnical - Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo nokuqedwa ngokushesha kwamahlumela asulelekile, ukususwa ngokucophelela kokhula kanye nezinhlayiya zezitshalo. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo izicupho ezikhethekile zezinambuzane ziboshelwe ukuthi zingavimbela i-thrips ekuxazululeni noma, ngokuhlaziya izinambuzane eziqoqiwe, sinquma izinga lokutheleleka;
- Biological - Ukulwa ne-thrips yaseCalifornia kwenziwa ngokukhulula izinhlobo ezikhethekile zemikhaza kanye nezimbungulu endaweni yokushisa okuthelelekile. Ziyakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukulinganisa koloni, kodwa, akunakwenzeka ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele inkathazo ngale ndlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izilwane ezinambuzane zihlasela izibungu kuphela, futhi ungadli abantu abadala;
- Amakhemikhali - izinambuzane eziningana zakhiwe ezingakwazi ukulwa kakhulu nale nkathazo. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi yizinto eziyingozi kakhulu okufanele zisetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezingu-3-5, izikhathi ezingu-2-3.
I-California Californian (i-Western flower) - Inkathazo encane kakhulu ethinta izinhlobo ezahlukene zemifino nezihlahla zezithelo, izimbali ezihlobisa. Ngaphandle kokubhubhisa isitshalo ngokwaso, lesi sibungu singadlulisa izifo ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi zegciwane. Ukulwa nalo kuphethwe yiqiniso lokuthi i-thrips ivame ukufihliwe emahlathini, izimbali, ngaphansi kwezilinganiso.
Ekuphetheni, sikunikeza ividiyo mayelana nokuhlasela kwe-California flower thrips:
